Basques - ubani lo? Basco abantu ongaqondakali

Basques - abantu abahlala okuthiwa Basque Izwe, etholakala enyakatho yeSpain futhi ntshonalanga yeFrance. umsuka wayo - enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala enkulu hhayi kuphela Europe kodwa futhi ngoba umhlaba wonke.

Bobani Basques? abazange Nivelaphi? Uma sicabangela lezi zinkinga nge yisakhamuzi isikhundla, le Basques - isi-Spanish kanye isiFulentshi, ngoba bahlala eSpain France. Kodwa kungani sizwe abakukhulumile ngalolu limi engavamile, hhayi owawuzofika ongafani nanoma yimuphi ulimi? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba phezu zeminyaka ngezimpi ukulalana kwezihlobo impucuko Basque uzigcinile ubunikazi bayo? Isihlobo ukuze elinikeziwe uhlanga namanje eziningi imibuzo abacwaningi basalokhu bengakakwazi ukuthola izimpendulo. Le ndatshana izozama ukubhekana labo abangababiziweyo Basques, bese ukhuluma ngalokho indlela yokuphila namuhla, lezi Abashokobezi baseYurophu abathuthela kule ndawo uyaziqhenya.

I etymology kwegama

Ukuze siqonde incazelo yegama elithi "Basque", udinga ukubheka umlando. Leli gama livela Vasco Latin - kangaka okuthiwa Vasconi lasendulo, owayehlala pre-Roman nezikhathi Roman endaweni lapho Basques Spanish abaphila manje. Nokho, lokhu akulona nje abantu abathintekayo genesis yabo. okhokho Basque babe Aquitani futhi, mhlawumbe, Cantabria, okwakwenza ukuba manje kungabonwa abalulekile kwehlukana sesigodi.

umsuka

izifundo bofuzo sezisungule ubunjalo abantu phambi kwethu. Basques - abantu ezigazi likhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kwazo zonke baseYurophu abanesibalo ka Rhesus-negative (amaphesenti angu-25) futhi omunye aphakeme izingxenyana zegazi ehlobene nohlobo D (abangamaphesenti angu-55). Kukhona umehluko abukhali kakhulu zofuzo phakathi amalungu aleli qembu yobuhlanga nezinye izizwe, ikakhulukazi e-Spain. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angabona neze ukusho ukuthi Basques - lokhu Catalans.

Uhlu izinguqulo ngemvelaphi abantu ongaqondakali ubanzi kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi Ngixoxisene umbono wokuthi Basques - kuba Armenia. Wabe waveza umbono wokuthi - Georgians asendulo ensimini banamuhla eGeorgia kusukela kudala adluliselwe yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia.

indoda Cro-magnon phakathi kwethu?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi version ukuthi Basques baka Armenia noma Georgians ukugcina amathuba provability, kodwa ososayensi abaningi ayavuma ukuthi abantu bomdabu yeYurophu, is ngqo bavela Cro-magnon, enye inkulungwane 35 edlule, weza inhlabathi European kusuka Afrika uhlale lapho.

Cro-magnon indoda cishe akazange ahlanganyele kunoma yiluphi kufuduka okwalandela yamaqembu abantu, ngoba abavubukuli baye Abekho ubufakazi ukukhuluma mayelana labantu ushintsho kule ndawo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika amaRoma. Ngakho bonke abantu namuhla abazibiza baseYurophu, uma iqhathaniswa naso Basques kukhona nje izingane. Kuyamangalisa akunjalo?

Eskuara

Basques True - labo kusukela ekuzalweni ukhuluma ulimi eqanjwe ngegama elithi "eskuara". manje Laba bantu abale abangaba yisigidi, zazo abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili bahlala Spain, ezingaphezu kuka abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi - eFrance, kanti bonke abanye - e-United States futhi eLatin America.

Imfihlakalo eskuara zezilimi ukufuna ukuxazulula isikhathi eside. Abanye abacwaningi hypothesize ukuthi zofuzo ulimi ibereyskim Basque elihlobene ne ulimi, okuyinto manje uhambile; abanye Asisekeli lo mbono, kodwa ngokwakha version eskuara ngesisekelo Afro-Asiatic nokucabanga ozalwa ukuthi okhokho Basques babengamaJuda. Ngakho, ngo-1900, izwe wabona incwadi kaJ Espanyol, le wesigodlo isiFulentshi, lapho aveza umsuka abantu okuyimfihlakalo bamakoloni Spartan, babevela abangamaJuda.

Abantu - ulimi

Ngesikhathi, ngazama Ziyathandelana eskuara kanye Arabhu, bese - Japanese, akunjalo kudala, kwakukhona kokuqagela ukuthi ulimi Basque ihlobene izilimi zezizwe zakwa ayimizulane eyayihlala eNtshonalanga Afrika. Noma kunjalo, bonke imibono eyayisinesikhathi baye alikaqinisekiswa. Okusanda zezilimi French benza olunye ucwaningo futhi wafakazela ukuthi eskuara kuyinto ulimi ezizimele kanye iminyaka namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, selokhu uJehova Paleolithic, ithuthukiswe ngokuzimela. Lokhu eyodwa-of-a-enomusa ulimi pre-Roman AseYurophu, endaweni yalo ephansi impela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ifinyelele esikhathini sethu.

indlela yokuphila

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, Basques - abantu ongaqondakali abahlala ikakhulu endaweni lamazwe amabili - Spain neFrance. Esikhathini izifundazwe French Basque, zonke izindlu amhlophe futhi aqukethe izakhi okhuni abomvu. Isakhiwo yendabuko itshe ziye zalondolozwa kuphela kwezifunda zezintaba. Ngokuvamile, le Basques kakhulu sensitive emasikweni ukuphi. Nasemizini nasemizaneni zingabantu - abancane nabadala - ukudlala Pelota, uhlele inkunzi imincintiswano, igqoke izinhloko berets abadumile. Lesi sizwe encane ungubani yobuhlanga esiyingqayizivele.

Ubunjalo Basques

Basques - naphezu ukuthi bangobani - esifana nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga Iberia Peninsula Ukuthanda nokuhahela kumnandi. Nokho, kanye-ke futhi ofuthelene kakhulu. Kodwa futhi ejabule, ukucabanga noma imizwelo ncisheka cha nqanda them kusukela ababambelela indlela wezinzalamizi zokuphila. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi Basques, abahlala kude nezikhungo zezimboni. Izakhamuzi izindawo ezisezintabeni niyithanda ngempela inkolo (iningi labo - amaKatolika Orthodox) futhi waphila ukuphila esekusithekeni.

ikhishi

Esinye sezipho ezinhle kakhulu eYurophu ubhekwa cuisine Basque, futhi kungcono hhayi ukusetshenziswa zokupheka eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi lesi sizwe ukudala izitsha esikhathini esiningi usebenzisa imikhiqizo fresh kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uvuthwe izithelo nemifino, le Basques bayidle; lapho wahlaba izimvu, ukudla inyama. Pickling, salting, umnkantsha - zonke lezi zinto nezinye izikhala ezifanayo kungukuthi othathwe kulesisizwe. Basques bakhetha ukusebenzisa ukudla abilisiwe noma steamed, they cishe ungadli ukudla okuthosiwe, futhi ungasebenzisi izinongo. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke dish - cod e emuhlompe futhi iyisitshulu Pike amaphiko. Basques like amakhowe, truffle, irayisi, ukudla kwasolwandle. Benza konke izinhlobo kophudingi nati, amajikijolo, izithelo nobisi. Lesi sizwe ukhiqiza ushizi esihle futhi iwayini.

izingubo

nenhle kakhulu bheka zokubhukuda Basques. Female siqukethe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma isiketi esiluhlaza sasibhakabhaka kanye black jacket iDemo ehlotshiswe lace futhi appliques shiny. Izinto ethandwa kakhulu salokhu ingubo - kuba velvet futhi chintz. Isudi zabesilisa kuyinto nebhulukwe ewumngcingo omnyama noma ompofu, amasokisi amade abamnyama, ibhande nangebala, Vest amnyama futhi jacket kwesikhumba noma izicubu obukhulu nge izinkinobho shiny.

Ukuze baye basinda amasampula Basque izingubo yangekhulu ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi (ngekhulu le-16). Kwaba nejazi imvu, ngentambo indawo ithungwe ezinhlangothini futhi waba cutout ngokuba ikhanda.

Echoes yomlando

Imizamo yokuhlukanisa insimu eyayihlala Basques esukela emuva le yesithupha eminyaka lesishiyagalombili. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, amazwe etholakala nhlangothi zombili izintaba zasePyrenees, enomnikazi England, Aquitaine, eSpain, eFrance. Futhi njalo uma abanikazi wafuna ukuba anqotshwe ngokuphelele "chaza" abantu engaqondakali. Ekugcineni ubukhosi Basque ishintshile okuzimela wendawo: I-eminyakeni engaphezu kwengamakhulu amahlanu Basques eFrance naseSpain abe isimo namalungelo akhethekile intela, ezohwebo, futhi inkonzo yezempi.

Wonke la malungiselelo eziqukethwe ikhodi bendabuko kwemithetho, okuyinto njengoba "fueros" ezaziwayo. Yonke imizi, emiphakathini yasemakhaya, emizaneni, amadolobha kwadingeka fueros yabo, kodwa ekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, lo zikahulumeni Basque abangu amiswe, fueros yangasese wabhubhisa izwe elahlanganiswa isimo Spanish futhi babe ingxenye yesimiso sokuqondisa futhi zomthetho e-Spain.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube khona ongacimekiyo, inkanuko, ophikelelayo nokuzidela isifiso sokuba yisithunywa ahlukene isimo Basque.

Freedom-onothando futhi uyaziqhenya

Ngemva ukuqedwa ngo-1937 we ukuzimela Basque kwakukhona ukunyakaza kwabantu kazwelonke lokuzibusa. Esikhathini zamashumi amahlanu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lo nhlangano amaphekula "Euskadi Ta Askatasuna" (- LOKHU elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Homeland futhi Freedom", ngamafitshane) yasungulwa. Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, kanye nokuhlasela eyenziwa ke bafa ingakapheli 800 abantu.

Muva nje, kulandela abashisekeli Irish, yamemezela ekunqanyulweni kwe amaphekula. Kodwa kwakuyoze kube nini? Phela, isabelomali zokuhlukumezeka Basque lalinabashumayeli angaphezu kweshumi nambili million euros ... Yiqiniso, ngingathanda bathemba futhi bakholelwa ukuthi kuhle. Ngisho Basques, ngisho nalabo bahlala ezindaweni ezikude, ukhathele ukuba nedumela esisuka, esiqhubekayo kwegazi e izimangalo zabo abantu. Eqinisweni, bengakuthandi ...