Babashayeli emkhakheni kagesi

umzimba abahlukahlukene, njengoba waziwa kabanzi, ihlukaniswe nonconductors (dielectrics) kanye babashayeli ngezakhiwo zabo zikagesi. Esinye sezici ezithinta babashayeli e inkambu kagesi, ukuthi amacala zilingana phezu yalo, ngaphakathi okuyinto emkhakheni kagesi engekho. Indlela ukuchaza lokhu?

Into wukuthi babashayeli ube ekhethekile amacala kagesi. Ngakho, izinsimbi ezifana amacala kukhona abathwali ezifana electron okuye badukelana ama-athomu. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-electron khulula.

electron okunjalo wokuba umbhidisi metal, ibekwe emasimini kagesi, ngaphansi kwethonya ibutho ensimini izoya ohlangothini okuyinto obuhlukile emkhakheni kagesi ahlukahlukene okujula.

Thatha umhlahlandlela ABCD ensimini kagesi, okuyinto ibekwe ensimini iyunifomu, ngamandla, kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla.

Phezu kobuso AC umqhubi kwenzeka icala ngokweqile ezimbi, futhi ngokweqile omuhle - kwenye DB. Kulesi sibonelo siyabona ukuthi izintambo emkhakheni kagesi kuthiwa gesi. Amacala evelayo phezu umqhubi, ukudala ngaphakathi ke inkambu ezengeziwe kagesi. imigqa zayo emkhakheni une-kolunye uhlangothi mayelana emigqeni yasendle eyinhloko. Ngenxa yalokho, isimo esishubile phansi inkambu umqhubi kuyehla, ngamanye amazwi, It buthakathaka ibutho enza electron mahhala, futhi kubangela ukunyakaza kwabo. I amashaji babashayeli e inkambu kagesi, ukunyakaza uzoyeka lapho amandla emkhakheni nomphumela ngaphakathi kubo iba zero.

Ngakho, lapho i-balance of amashaji ku umqhubi ngaphakathi emkhakheni sishoda. ukungezwakali kwawo ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela umzimba emiphumeleni zangaphandle emkhakheni kagesi. Ngenxa yale njongo kwanele ukuba ahaqe isidumbu ungqimba elincanyana conductive, isib, bawubeke ibhokisi lensimbi. Ngaphakathi kuleli bhokisi izinkambu ngeke.

Ukuze afakazele iqiniso lokuthi umqhubi icala kungekho ensimini kagesi, e kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, Faraday wakha wire ezinkanjini ezinkulu, okuyinto efakwe insulators nama agcwalisiwe. Ukuba ngaphakathi esitokisini electroscope hypersensitive, Faraday wafakazela ukuthi ngaphakathi ayikhona Amandla kagesi, nakuba igxile ebusweni elingaphandle is icala abalulekile kakhulu. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi ugesi yithonya noma lokungeniswa electrostatic. ibangelwa - umphumela zangaphandle emkhakheni kagesi kwi electron umqhubi ingenamuntu. Futhi amacala abekwe abe babashayeli e inkambu kagesi, ngokuthi amacala eyenga.

Ngokusebenzisa kwethonya ugesi mkhuba uchaza Luhambo kweenhlangano gesi futhi nenaelektrizovannymi, kanye nokudluliswa icala kagesi ngokuthintana zemizimba.

Lapho umzimba gesi Tindlelanchubo umqhubi lula ke avele kuyo amacala eyenga kokubili izimpawu. Ngakho, amacala sophawu okuphambene uzobe ukhangwa emzimbeni, futhi efana amacala ngeke alwe nalabo. Ngenxa amacala afana kukhona ohlangothini umqhubi ukukhanya, okude okuningi kusuka emzimbeni, nomphumela awo acekela ezimbili ungamandla okudonsa. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla kuyinto umqhubi ukukhanya okhangwa umzimba. Phakathi contact we icala eyenga kuyinto sophawu okuphambene uzobe neutralized ngokuyenga icala ingxenye okuyinani elilingana kulo ezidlula. On umqhubi ukukhanya uhlala uphawu efanayo ngaphandle kwenkokhiso, futhi umzimba.

Ngenxa yokuthi umqhubi ukukhanya manje icala efanayo umzimba, ke lizokhuphuka off kuwo; lokho sigcine Ucwaningo.

Babashayeli kanye dielectrics emkhakheni kagesi babe izakhiwo ezahlukene. Ngakho, dielectrics babe cishe akukho amacala khulula. Lapho ibekwe emkhakheni kagesi nokwehlukana kwenzeka.