B12-ukuntula anaemia: izimpawu, izimbangela, ukwelashwa

B12-ukuntula anaemia - isifo kunalokho eziyingozi, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukuphazamiseka evamile kumiswa igazi izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo cobalamin ukuntula emzimbeni. Namuhla, abantu abaningi banesithakazelo imibuzo ngalokho izici ngaphansi kwethonya anaemia ephelezelwa izimpawu nokuthi isifo.

Siyini isifo?

Eqinisweni, B12-ukuntula isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi amagama ahlukahlukene eyaziwa - noma-ke pertsinioznaya megabloblastnaya kwegazi, anaemia eziyingozi futhi Addison sika izifo Birmera. Lesi sifo kuhambisana ukwehla kwenani abomvu egazi, okuyinto ngenxa nokuntuleka vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikakhulukazi ebucayi yokuntuleka yalolu ketshezi akuyona kuphela isakhiwo umnkantsha, kodwa futhi izicubu kwenzwa okuyilokho, eqinisweni, kwenza isifo esiyingozi kakhulu.

Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli uxilongwe B12, i-folic acid ukuntula kwegazi, lapho ukungabi waphawula ka-folic acid. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo iye yachazwa esanda kutholakala - ngo-1855, udokotela IsiZulu T. Addison enza ucwaningo kuyi-isifo engaziwa. Futhi ngo-1926, abacwaningi W. Murphy, J. Will noJohane. Minot ocwaningweni yabo wabonisa ukuthi ziphikelela, uma uthayipha Ukudla yokuthi ogulayo uphelelwa isibindi eluhlaza.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu vitamin B12 ukuntula anaemia

Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi kunezimbangela eziningi lolu hlobo igazi. Ezinye zazo zihlobene nendlela yawo yokuphila, kuyilapho abanye - nezinguquko emzimbeni.

• Okokuqala udinga ukusho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuntula ukudla, okuyinto kubangelwa engayitholi enganele vitamin emzimbeni ngokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, lesi sifo ingaqala ku ngemuva ukudla noma vegeterianstva esiqinile. Ngo usana, leli fomu igazi ebonwe umcimbi ukuthi umdlezane uyenqaba isilwane imikhiqizo.
• Kwezinye iziguli kukhona kokunikezwa kwe-evamile ukuncela cyanocobalamin.
• Izimbangela B12 ukuntula anaemia kungaba ngenxa yokuntuleka okubizwa ngokuthi isici eziwumgogodla Castle. Le into ethile eziyinkimbinkimbi ukhululeka mucosa emathunjini, exhunywe kwi cyanocobalamine futhi inikeza ukumuncwa yayo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukuntuleka yalolu ketshezi kungadalwa ezinye anomalies azalwa naso, kanye nezifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi Castle isici waphawula izinguquko uma ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo esiswini, ezifana kolwelwesi, imisebenzi kuhlinzwa nokunye. D.
• Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i kungabuye aphumelele, begodu ezihlukahlukene izinguquko isakhiwo kwezicubu emathunjini ukuthi ebonwe khona izimila, noma eba ngenxa resection kuhlinzwa wamathumbu.
• Ukuncela wamathumbu umsebenzi ingahluka ebukhoneni dysbiosis, lapho ukwakheka microflora washintsha.
• Kwezinye izimo, cyanocobalamin, is udle nge ukudla amuncwa nezinye "abahlali" isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, ezifana namagciwane abangela izifo noma izikelemu.
• Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i kungafaka isibindi nesifo sezinso kanye ngokuvamile isizinda sabo siyenzeka ukwanda ukwabiwa vitamin B12 noma ukusetshenziswa kwalo sekuphelile.
• Ukuntula angagcina kwenzeka ukuthi izicubu noma izitho ukuncela kakhulu we Vitamin. Isenzakalo esifanayo siyenzeka, isibonelo, ukuba khona umdlavuza ekhula ngokushesha. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i zihlanganisa ukushintsha kwama-hormone futhi abanye iziyaluyalu endocrine, futhi yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho ukulahlekelwa amaseli asebenzayo legazi elibomvu.

I pathogenesis lesi sifo

kuyinto B12-ukuntula anaemia kanjani? I pathogenesis ka lesi sifo ngqo okuhlobene imisebenzi eyisisekelo cyanocobalamin. Lo vithamini udlala indima ebalulekile inqubo hematopoiesis. ukuntula kwalo kuholela isimo eyaziwa ngokuthi "megablastoz". It kuhambisana ekuqongeleleni amafomu enkulu zegazi kanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kanye nokubhujiswa kwabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-umnkantsha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, vitamin B12 kuyinto cofactor e ukhiye exchange ukusabela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuphila ezinzwa. Yingakho kusukela kusilela uhlelo lwayo sezinzwa uyahlabeka.

B12-ukuntula anaemia: izimpawu isifo

isifo okunjalo kuhambisana nenqwaba izimpawu, ezivame kuhlanganiswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngalesi sifo anemiya esakheka ngokumelene isizinda kuncishiswe inani kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ekuqaleni, iziguli esekhala ubuthakathaka ezinzima, ukukhathala ngokushesha kanye nokwehla okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka lapho ngezikhathi ezithile kuphakama tinnitus nesiyezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho niphele amandla. Abantu abagulayo futhi uqaphele ukubonakala "Izimpukane" phambi kwamehlo akhe. Izimpawu igazi Lingase lihlanganise palpitations inhliziyo futhi kufushane okunzima umoya ezenzeka ngisho ne ukuzikhandla kancane emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ezingemnandi, wagwaza ubuhlungu esifubeni.

Yiqiniso, nge kusilela vitamin ebuka futhi iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla. Ikakhulukazi, iziguli babone ukwehla okukhulu ngesifiso, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umzimba kwesisindo. isicanucanu Okuphindayo nokuhlanza futhi balethe ukuphila komuntu eziningi ngokuphazamiseka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwephulwa kwesitulo - avame kuba ukuqunjelwa eside. isici kakhulu futhi ezibhekwa ukushintsha ulimi, ogama Kwamanzi eshelelayo futhi iba luhlaza abomvu futhi ngezinye izikhathi njengegazi.

Yiqiniso, lena akuyona zonke izinguquko ahambisana anaemia B12-ukuntula. Izimpawu avele futhi isimiso sezinzwa. Endaweni yokuqala kukhona ukunqotshwa imizwa neuropathy. Iziguli kubika ukuluma ezingemnandi e ezandleni nasezinyaweni, kanye ndikindiki yesikhashana. Kancane kancane ngaba buthakathaka kwezicubu. ushintsho kancane Gait siyenzeka ngokuqondene lo ukuqina we imilenze - kuba engazinzile ngaphezulu.

ukuntula isikhathi eside vitamin B12 kuholela ukushaqeka umgogodla, bese ubuchopho. Izimpawu zalezi zinkinga kungase nhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, lomonakalo kumafayibha emgogodleni, ngokuvamile kuholela ekulahlekelweni ukuzwela - indoda ayisekho azizwa kunyakaza kwesikhumba (avame zithinta isikhumba phezu imilenze). Ezinye iziguli ziba Ukudlikizela. Kodwa ukucasuka, ongalawuleki ukuguquguquka kwemizwa, iziyaluyalu bezibona umbala abonisa ukulimala kobuchopho. In the ukungabikho yokwelapha, isiguli angase awele equlekile.

izinhlobo isifo

Yiqiniso, zikhona izikimu eziningana ngezigaba zesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha yesimanje B12-ukuntula anaemia kungaba ezimbili zama, kuye ngokuthi izimbangela:

• Ifomu eyinhloko isifo kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa izici ezithile zofuzo umzimba. It waba B12-ukuntula anaemia ezinganeni izinsana kwenzeka kaningi kunabo.
• Ifomu yesibili isifo eba kakade inqubo yokukhula kanye ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu, ngaphansi kwethonya izici imvelo kwangaphandle nangekhatsi.

anaemia esiteji

Izimpawu oyinhloko sifo encike ngqo kwi esigabeni sokuthuthuka. Kobukhulu ngezimo zesiguli ngokuvamile kunqunywa isekelwe inani erythrocyte (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) egazini. Kuye lokhu sibalo, kunezigaba ezintathu zesifo:

• Ngo-anemiya omnene, abomvu egazi count zokhahlamba kusuka 90 kuya 110 g / l.
• Isilinganiso kobukhulu ifomu libhekene ukwehla okukhulu kwenani kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu - kusuka 90 kuya 70 g / l.
• Uma abomvu egazi count lesiguli 70 g / L noma ngaphansi, khona-ke ifomu okunzima B120-ukuntula kwegazi, okuyinto eyingozi kakhulu impilo ngisho nokuphila.

Yeka indlela okuyingozi leli fomu igazi? yezinkinga kungenzeka

Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi, vitamin B12 ukuntula in ukungabi ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, ngokuyinhloko ukuntuleka yalolu ketshezi kuthinta isimiso sezinzwa. Izinkinga yalolu hlobo igazi zihlanganisa emgogodleni nezinzwa neuropathy. Lezi thuthuva ahambisana kabi ukunsonsotha emikhawulweni, ukulahlekelwa okugcwele olungaphelele ukuzwa, incontinence fecal noma incontinence.

Against isizinda ezingamahlalakhona cyanocobalamin ukuntula siba sibi wonke umzimba - kungadala ezihlukahlukene izifo izinso, inhliziyo nezinye izitho. Ngezinye izikhathi, kulandela ukwehliswa elibukhali inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ukuthuthukisa ingqondo hypoxia, okuholela ikhoma eziyingozi.

Uma usuqale imithi yesifo ngendlela efanele usaqala, bese zonke ngenxa yezinkinga ngenhla kungagwenywa. Late okuqalwe yokwelapha ongaqeda amavithamini, kodwa-ke ngeshwa, izinguquko isimiso sezinzwa awushintsheki kakade.

izindlela zesimanje uphethwe

Ephambi kwezinduna izimpawu ngenhla kufanele nakanjani kumele ubonane nodokotela. Phela, kuphela uchwepheshe ungakwazi ukuhlonza isifo ngokunembile. Okokuqala senziwa nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe. B12-ukuntula anaemia ngokuvamile eba ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle, ngakho udokotela ukubuza ulwazi mayelana nokuphila lesiguli, amandla akhe, njalo njalo. D. Esikhathini esizayo, kufanele kube nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. In iziguli isifo esifanayo, njengoba umthetho, kungabonwa esikhumbeni okhanyayo. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukwehla komfutho wegazi palpitations.

Yiqiniso, kamuva elandelwa nezinye izifundo, ngawo kungacacisa ukuthi noma ngabe yini noma cha kukhona anaemia B12-ukuntula. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ne isifo enjalo khombisa wehlise inombolo erythrocyte futhi oyisemkhulu babo (reticulocytes). Njengoba sihambisana nale kukhona ukwehla count platelet. Yiqiniso, ziyancipha ezingeni elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi Ungase futhi inikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo. Lapho ezihlukahlukene anaemia kukhona kwamazinga igazi bilirubin nensimbi.

Ukuxilongwa B12-ukuntula anaemia kuhlanganisa nezinye izinqubo. Ikakhulukazi, umnkantsha wenziwa kocingo (ezimweni eziningi eyenziwa wokubhoboza sternal) ucwaningo laboratory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezandla nesineke phezu cwaningo umchamo kanye endleni. Ibonisa electrocardiography, electroencephalography, tomography ngekhompyutha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinqubo - vivinyo ayadingeka ukuhlola sezingeni ukulimala kwabanye ngesitho izinhlelo, kanye ukuze kutholakale imbangela igazi.

B12-ukuntula anaemia: ukwelashwa

Udokotela ungenza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuphela ngemva okuphelele umzimba luhlolo. Ngakho lokho yokwelapha kudinga B12-ukuntula anaemia? Ukwelashwa iqala nokuqedwa imbangela ecashile lesi sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho zaphathwa iziguli helminthic kucabanga ejenti antiparasitic futhi khona isimila - ukuhlinzwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuze sivale lapho sisilela nokushoda cyanocobalamin. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbalwa isixazululo vithamini ukhiqizwa yisikhumba uma injected intramuscularly. Ukuze omdala isilinganiso umthamo wansuku zonke ivela micrograms 200 kuya ku-500. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu inani izidakamizwa luyanda 1000 mcg - isikimu abanamathela izinsuku ezintathu. Lapho ufika ngcono engaguquguquki ukunciphisa umthamo ukuba 100-200 mg - imijovo banikwa kanye ngenyanga iminyaka 1-2.

Ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukwenza Ukudla ilungelo zihlanganisa ukudla okunothe cyanocobalamine futhi i-folic acid - ngokuyinhloko kwesibindi, inyama namaqanda.

igazi kakhulu zidinga Replenish esiphuthumayo ingqamuzana legazi elibomvu count. Ngenxa yale njongo, iziguli namangqamuzana abomvu egazi evela igazi elithekelisiwe. Inqubo efanayo kuyadingeka ikhoma lapho igazi.

Ngokwezibalo, onalesi sifo ngoba iziguli kuyinto ngempela evumayo. Okuhlukile kuphela ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho umuntu efuna usizo ngisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu, njengoba ukubuyisela ezindaweni ezithintekile isimiso sezinzwa akunakwenzeka.

Zikhona izindlela eziphumelelayo lokuvikela?

Njengoba ubona, B12-ukuntula anaemia - isifo esiyingozi ngokwedlulele. Ngakho-ke, kuba lula kakhulu ukuzama ukugwema ke. Futhi kulokhu, ukudla eyakheke kahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakekela ukuthi ukudla cyanocobalamine ocebile ababehlanganyela njalo e semenyu yakho. Ikakhulukazi, vitamin B12 itholakala imikhiqizo amaqanda, inyama, isibindi kanye yobisi.

Zonke izifo pheshana emathunjini isikhathi ukuphendula ukwelashwa - kubalulekile ukuhambisana iseluleko udokotela kanye ungayeki imithi yabo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kunconywa njengoba isilinganiso izifo ukuthatha izakhiwo multivitamin (njalo emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha).

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye udokotela emathunjini noma isisu ubophekile ukuba amise nesineke cyanocobalamin amalungiselelo e isilinganiso ezifanele.