Aslan Maskhadov: Biography, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Maskhadov Aslan Aliev - omunye izibalo impikiswano kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-hero of the Chechen abantu, abanye - amaphekula. Ngakho ubani ngempela kwaba Aslan Maskhadov? Biography of lokhu emlandweni futhi kuyoba kuncike yokutadisha kwethu.

Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha

Maskhadov Aslan Aliev wazalwa ekwindla ka-1951 edolobhaneni elincane endaweni le Kazakh SSR, lapho ngesinye isikhathi abazali wakhe badingiselwa. Umndeni wakhe babevela teip Alleroj.

Ngo-1957, ekuqaleni uma kuncibilika iqhwa, kwakukhona wokuvuselelwa ngokwendalo Chechens adingiswe. Lokhu kwavumela Aslan nabazali bakhe ukuze ubuyele Chechen-ingush ASSR. Zafika lapho, zatholana wayehlala edolobhaneni esifundeni Nadterchenskogo.

Ngo-1966, Aslan Maskhadov wajoyina iYoung Communist League, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili waphothula izifundo zakhe esikoleni secondary ye emzaneni wabo. Ngo-1972 wathola iziqu esikoleni wezempi e Tbilisi, okuyinto ezikhethekile ekukhiqizeni ozimele ngoba wezikhali. Ngemva kwalokho, wakhonza kuzo Army eliseMpumalanga Ekude iminyaka emihlanu, lapho wasukuma isikhundla zamkomdiviziona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayemuhle ku ezinhlwini CPSU.

Ngo-1981, kwaba nemiphumela emihle ezifundweni zabo, ephothula Military wezikhali Academy, etholakala eLeningrad.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wathunyelwa eHungary, lapho wasukuma esikhundleni sokuba induna i ibutho wezikhali.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-epoch

Ngo-1986, njengoba induna ibutho kanye elisezingeni sombutho Aslan Maskhadov ayethunyelwe Lithuania. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umyalo wakhe ingxenye akukona nje waqaphela njengoba the best Baltics. wamiswa uMphathi Abasebenzi Missile Amandla.

Ngalesi sikhathi kuleli zwe nje kukhona inqubo ukuthi maduze kwaholela ekubeni nokwahlukana eSoviet Union futhi ushintsho esimisweni sezenhlalo. Ngaphambi nakwamanye amaripabhuliki ukuthambekela centrifugal baqala ukuvela emazweni aseBaltic. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuqala imibhikisho asebenzayo futhi ukusetshenziswa amabutho ahlomile ngokumelene nabo, Maskhadov ayekade likhishwa, yize iyunithi bakhe babezitika imisebenzi izihlubuki.

Ngo-1992, wesula Armed Forces of Russia. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sinqumo ngokuyinhloko eshukunyiswa umehluko yakhe iziphathimandla eziphakeme lempi, abanye - NEKUKHULUMA emkhawulweni Chechen-ingush.

Eyokuqala Chechen

Ukulandela ukwesula Aslan Maskhadov amabombo inhlokodolobha Chechnya - Grozny. Kube ngesikhathi vele sondela amandla, Dzhokhar Dudayev wamemezela ukuzimela of Ichkeria (CRI). Ngokushesha nje lapho sifika, Maskhadov waqokwa waba yinduna Civil Defense, bese - induna abasebenzi webutho lezempi.

Kusukela ngo-1994, kwaqala iMpi okuthiwa lokuqala Chechen impi. Aslan Maskhadov ngempumelelo kwaholela ekumeleleni Grozny, okuyinto waklonyeliswa by Dudaev elisezingeni jikelele ezinkulu. Uma ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe olwenziwa inombolo ngaphezulu lisebenze ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi ekuthatheni Grozny emva umsebenzi edolobheni amasosha Russian.

ERussia, Maskhadov kwaba icala lobugebengu njengoba umdali amaqembu emthethweni ahlomile, Nokho, okuyinto, awamenzanga ukuxoxisana iziphathimandla zaseRussia.

Ngo-1996, ngesikhathi operation ekhethekile, wabulawa Dzhokhar Dudayev, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele izenzo ngempumelelo Chechen abalwa impi Russian.

Ngo-1996, isivumelwano yathinteka phakathi uhulumeni waseRussia futhi abamele Ichkeria self-wamemezela. Ukusayinwa Evumelana ukuthula esenzeka edolobheni Dagestani ka Khasavyurt. Of CRI Aslan Maskhadov yasayina isivumelwano Aliev. Umlando ingxabano Chechen, kubonakala, kwaba phezu. Lezi zivumelwano kulindeleke Ukuhoxiswa amabutho isiRashiya ababevela Chechnya, ku amakhetho umongameli omusha we Ichkeria sivumelwano, kanye umbuzo ukuhlehliswa ngesinqumo we CRI isimo isiphetho okwengeziwe kuze 2001. Yaphela kanjalo-ke i-Chechen impi yokuqala.

isikhundla sikaMongameli

Ngemva basayine izivumelwano Khasavyurt phambi ngokhetho, futhi. obakhathalelayo. UMongameli CRI Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev kwaba. Aslan Maskhadov lalibonisa undunankulu kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela isikhonzi.

Ngo-January 1997, wokhetho lobumengameli yayiqhutshelwa, lapho kunqoba iwine Aslan Maskhadov, zishaya Shamilya Basaeva futhi Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev.

Ekuqaleni, Maskhadov ubezama ukwakha Chechen geqe ku ikambisolawulo womphakathi. Kodwa esikhundleni sakhe kwaba ayinamandla. Kunalokho, amandla amaningi futhi ngaphezulu Chechnya waqala ukuthola Islamic abeqisayo, kweziphathimandla zempi kanye nabaholi kwezigcwelegcwele ahlukahlukene.

Maskhadov ngokwengxenye enkulu kwakungelona sezombusazwe futhi indoda lempi. Waphoqwa ukuwuqondisa phakathi kwala maqembu, ukuya kubo ukuba athambise isandla. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni radicalization okwengeziwe, Islamization kanye criminalization umphakathi Chechen. I CRI laqanjwa Sharia nomthetho, republic ukuthi iyenqa ontamolukhuni angaphandle, kweziphathimandla zempi waqala ukubonisa ekuvukeleni ezikhulayo uhulumeni ka Ichkeria.

Eyesibili Chechen

Waba yini umphumela walesi simo wukuthi ngo-1999, izinduna ensimini Shamil Basayev futhi Khattab ezinqumela, ngaphandle unswinyo noMongameli we uhulumeni Chechen, yahlasela insimu ka Dagestan. Yaqala kanjalo-ke le yesibili Chechen impi.

Nakuba Maskhadov walahla esidlangalaleni izenzo Basayev, Khattab nezinye kweziphathimandla zempi, kodwa empeleni zazingeke zikwazi ukulawula. Ngakho-ke, ubuholi Russian ngemva amasosha yashaya ensimini ka Dagestan, unqume afeze ukuhlinzwa ngokuvumelana ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele Chechnya.

Ingena amabutho Russian ensimini ka CRI kwaholela ekubeni abonane nomqashi ngqo Russian Uhulumeni Maskhadov. Yena waba inhloko yalawa ukumelana. UMongameli Ichkeria limenyezelwe kuqala konke isiRashiya, sabe ukufuna kwamanye amazwe. Ekuqaleni, Maskhadov angayilawula ukuphatha amandla elincane kuphela, njengoba izinduna kakhulu ensimini abazange balilalele kuye empeleni, futhi kusukela ngo-2002 kuphela sesakhiwe umyalo jikelele. Ngakho, Basayev, Khattab kanye nalabanye baholi Abashokobezi wajoyina Maskhadov.

Izenzo amabutho isiRashiya e Chechnya, kulokhu kwaba ingcono kakhulu emkhankasweni wokuqala. Ekupheleni kuka-2000 ibutho Russian elawulwa kakhulu Chechnya. Oshayasibhamu ecasha ezindaweni sezintaba, okuzobe kudlalelwa ngokuhlasela kwamaphekula ukuketula.

ukufa Maskhadov sika

Ukuze ngokuqondile ukuqeda izidleke nobuphekula Chechnya, amasevisi ekhethekile isiRashiya, kwanqunywa ukuba ubambe uchungechunge imisebenzi ukuvalwa siqu abaholi bezempi.

Ngo-March 2005, senza ukusebenza ekhethekile sikulibazise umholi yangaphambili Ichkeria. Phakathi yena wabulawa Aslan Maskhadov. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, edutshulwa ngumuntu yemilindankosi, njengoba Maskhadov engafuni ukuphonsa ithawula eziphilayo.

umndeni

Maskhadov enenkosikazi, indodana nendodakazi. Unkosikazi ka Aslan Maskhadov - Kusama Semiyev - ngaphambi kokuba ashade ngo-1972 kwaba-opharetha ngocingo. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe isikhathi eside wahlala phesheya kuze 2016, futhi sathola imvume ukubuyela Chechnya.

INdodana Aslan Maskhadov - Anzor - wazalwa ngo-1979. Ezemfundo eMalaysia. Njengamanje uhlala Finland futhi babe alihlikize neziphathimandla isiRashiya, ngokukhethekile, Ramzan Kadyrov.

indodakazi Maskhadov sika - Fatima - wazalwa ngo-1981. Thanda mzalwane, manje abahlala Finland.

izici Jikelele

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kunzima ukunikeza incazelo ukungabandlululwa kwawo sibalo impikiswano ezinjalo, Aslan Maskhadov. Abanye abantu ngokweqile idealize kuye, abanye - idemoni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi ajwayelekile mathupha nalo kubantu ukuchaza Maskhadov njengomsebenzi wasehhovisi esihle, indoda ehloniphekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wabonisa kuwukwehluleka ukuhola isimo futhi wayengakwazi ukuba ngahlule uhulumeni amaqembu amaningi ahlukene Ichkeria, ngemva okuvame waphoqwa ukuba ahambe.

Okwamanje labetibambile wokwabelana inkumbulo Aslan Maskhadov pickets zifuna ukuthi iziphathimandla zaseRussia lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze ukuba umzimba bomdabu. Kodwa lapho belokhu imiphumela ungazange led.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Phakathi nezifundo zakhe esikoleni eLeningrad Aslan Maskhadov wabuza ukumbiza Oleg, futhi imibhalo wayethethelela ohlwini imbongolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo esifunda nabo itjheje sokungabi nhlobo yenkolo Maskhadov, kanye neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela akenqenanga miss goblet, nakuba akuvunyelwe nakancane Islam.

Ngokusho nozakwethu, Maskhadov waphendula omubi kakhulu isimemezelo wokuzibusa yaseLithuania, ucabangela lokhu separatism.

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo ulwazi, amasevisi Russian ezokuphepha bakwazi ukubala indawo Maskhadov umakhalekhukhwini IMEI.