Anesthesia - Iyini? izinhlobo izinzwa

Kwaphela isikhathi eside abantu wazama ukuze sinciphise ukuhlupheka, ukuhlula ubuhlungu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, ososayensi abasunguli izindlela ukususa phakathi nokuhlinzwa ukungakhululeki babulawa. Futhi kuphela uma izinzwa yasungulwa, sekungenzeka.

Incazelo emfushane

Anesthesia - ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana ubuhlungu ukuzwela. Endulo lalisetshenziselwa Iziphungo izinzwa, infusions, iqhwa, poppy, utshwala ukudakwa. Zifakwe konke ayengakwenza ngisho kancane zibuthuntu lokujabulela ubuhlungu.

Ukutholakala kwe-izakhiwo izinzwa i-cocaine wabeka isisekelo a izinzwa wendawo. Nokho, ukuhlanganisa oqinile futhi ubuthi eziphakeme zingezezimbuzi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki enkulu le ndlela. Kamuva kwaba lesi sidakamizwa "Novocaine," okuyinto ngo-1905 elasetshenziselwa izinzwa wendawo.

Kunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi bangaki izinqubo zenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa oblegchitelnogo imiphumela analgesic. Anesthesia - ithuba eliyingqayizivele:

• londoloza isiguli kusuka kabi ubuhlungu;
• ukudala izimo ezidingekile ukusebenza nodokotela ohlinzayo.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu

indlela ngayinye ine indlela yayo analgesic ka isinyathelo umzimba womuntu, futhi yinkimbinkimbi inqubo. Namuhla kukhona izinhlobo eziningana ke:

• izinzwa wendawo;
• zesifunda;
• izintambo;
• ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile.

Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu izinhlobo izinzwa - lokhu ukuphazamisa ishayela lisuka ethintekayo, izinga lokushisa, zobuhlungu isimiso sezinzwa. I ngokusungula indlela yokubulala izinzwa kanye nesikhathi ukujula incike indawo izidakamizwa, umthamo yayo kanye okuhlushwa kanye indlela nendawo isingeniso. idatha Anesthesia imithi:

• "Lidocaine".
• "Novocaine".
• "Marcaine".
• "Bupivacaine".
• "Naropin."

izinzwa wendawo

uhlobo lalivamile ngokusungula indlela yokubulala izinzwa. izinzwa wendawo - yithuba elihle lokwenza ukuhlinzwa elula ezincane. Kuyinto kabanzi ezifunwayo amazinyo, ezinye izinqubo zokuhlinza. izinzwa wendawo - lokhu izinzwa, okuyinto kuveza ngezindlela eziningana. Ake sihlole kubo.

umjovo wokubulala izinzwa

Le ndlela isekelwe ukwethulwa izinzwa e izingqimba. Ekuqaleni, inaliti mncane intracutaneously iqondiswa izidakamizwa. A okuthiwa "twist lemon ikhasi." Ngokulandelayo, kusetshenziswa inaliti eside, oveza izingqimba kudingekile kwezicubu kokuziphatha. Esikhathini ukukhiya ukusebenza kwenzeka kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. Ukuze le nqubo, lokuhlushwa izixazululo esetshenziswa 0,125-0,5%.

Ubuhlungu isiguli ihlangabezana, kodwa emizweni ezingajabulisi esibhekana nazo.

izinzwa igcwaliswe isicelo

Hlobo luni izinzwa? Le nqubo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ijeli, amafutha, usimende, i emulsion kwindawo encane isikhumba noma mucosa. Lokhu izinzwa has esifushane futhi ezingabalulekile. Isetshenziselwa izinqubo maloboleznennyh endaweni encane zesikhumba.

yezinkinga olungenzeka le izinzwa - kuyinto ukusabela nomzimba.

conduction izinzwa

Le nqubo wenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo, lo obulala izinzwa kaningi. Ngakho, conduction izinzwa - kuyini? Ngakho-ke ngokuthi esasikhipha izidakamizwa analgesic endaweni izinzwa conductive noma ezinzwa isiqu kude ezithile kusuka endaweni eziqhutshwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele nokuvinjelwa pulses.

zokukhwabanisa enjalo akuyona aqede ingozi ukulimala ezizungeze isitsha ukwakha hematomas yohlelo olubhalwe. Kungenzeka futhi njengoba ukulimala kwenzwa nokungenwa isiqu. nemiphumela ebuhlungu ingase kuphazamisa eside isikhumba ukuzwela, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwemisipha izicubu. Isiguli uzodinga isikhathi yokutakula eside.

ensimini block izinzwa

analgesia ezinjalo ekhiqizwa ongudokotela obulala izinzwa abanolwazi. Kuyinto indlela ethandwa kakhulu. izinzwa Regional isetshenziswa imisebenzi ubuhlungu, kuhlasimulise futhi ngobuningi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-yokuchayeka.

izinzwa emgogodleni

Le nqubo, okuthiwa futhi le subarachnoid noma nomgogodla. Luhilela ukwethulwa izinzwa wendawo ku umsele umgogodla. Kusebenza inaliti esihle ekhethekile, okuyinto yethulwa 1-3 ml izidakamizwa weyesi ethize.

izinzwa Spinal - kuba isiqinisekiso ngokuphelele ukuthi umgogodla akuyona ngephutha ezilimele. Lokhu "iphutha" siqedwa ngokuphelele, ngoba izinzwa is injected emazingeni ezikhethekile lapho umgogodla sishoda.

umphumela analgesic izuzwe emva kwemizuzu 1-3. Ngakho, kuye ngokuthi ukubulawa izinzwa, kuthatha imizuzu engu-40 ukuya kwayi-120.

Izikhundla kuyinto kobuhlungu. Inikeza kakhulu imiphumela analgesic. Ngenxa pulses ukuvinjelwa izuzwe ukuphumula ephelele imisipha.

izinzwa epidural

zokukhwabanisa enjalo the ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza inqubo iyafana nomgogodla. Kodwa has umehluko yayo epidural. Lena, okokuqala, elikhulu ububanzi yenaliti. Okwesibili, lapho abaphathi ke ayilungiswanga siya emseleni umgogodla. Izinzwa e lemali edingekayo (ngokuvamile 10 kuya ku-20 ml) kwelula phezu Mater. Yena ugeza imoto futhi kungokoqobo emsipheni izimpande.

Uma sikhuluma isikhathi, khona-ke i epidural - izinzwa kwamaminithi 40-120. Nse njengoba inqubo umgogodla. Nokho, le ndlela has a inzuzo enkulu. Ngokusebenzisa mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi yenaliti angase aqhube esikhaleni epidural of ipayipi ekhethekile. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwethula kubulawe izinzwa, uma kunesidingo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba zidonse analgesia ukuba 7-8, namahora ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu.

NoBukhulu izinzwa luncike izidakamizwa iqondiswa, emakamu yayo futhi umthamo. Le ndlela-thile ubuhlungu bayindlala kakhulu e iningi izinqubo zokuhlinza. izinzwa Epidural isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubeletha, esigabeni cesarean. Kuyinto esisemqoka ekwelapheni ubuhlungu syndromes ezihlukahlukene bemvelo ezingamahlalakhona.

imiphumela kungenzeka

Uma ezithinta yezinkinga, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ziyivelakancane kakhulu. In iziguli ngemva kokubulawa izinzwa lesifunda kungabonakala nasemkhakheni:

1. Ubuhlungu bekhanda. Nge wazibonela wakhe iziguli emva amasu umgogodla.
2. Ubuhlungu yomgogodla. Ukungakhululeki kungenzeka wazizwa isikhathi eside. Lesi senzakalo saphawula emva epidural.
3. ingcindezi ukunciphisa. Kukhona ukunwetshwa iqoqo izitsha ezincane. Lokhu kubangela lokwabiwa kabusha amadlingozi igazi ligeleze azungeze isiteshi emaphakathi.
4. hematoma Epidural ngemva ukulimala, plexus semithambo. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi abantu enciphile igazi ekunqandeni. Hematoma ucindezela izimpande umgogodla. Isiguli azizwa ukuhlukumeza zesikhumba ukuzwela kule ndawo futhi ubuhlungu.
5. Ubude block umgogodla. yezinkinga ezinzima, okuyinto cishe untreatable futhi zisongela ukuphila kwesiguli. Akuvamile kakhulu. Can liyochukuluza zokugula wokubhoboza ngephutha Dura cerebral Mater, lapho umsele umgogodla ikhumbule inani izinzwa senzelwe okokufaka epidural.

izinzwa Jikelele

Uma le nqubo kuba OAmaKristu cortex cerebral futhi izakhiwo ezithile subcortical. Lapho izinzwa ezijulile abathintekayo ngisho zokuphefumula futhi izikhungo vasomotor e le oblongata medulla. Nokho, ubuhlungu amaza namanje faka ingqondo. Nokho, nombono wabo futhi impendulo kuthiwa engasenamahloni.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile yilokhu:

• emthanjeni;
• ephefumula.

isiphetho

Naphezu yezinkinga okungenzeka uhlobo izinzwa ngamunye, miphumela ezingajwayelekile kakhulu. imiphumela emihle kufezekiswe sibonga amandla nolwazi obulala izinzwa. Ukuthi tsheleka kusengaphambili nobunzima kungenzeka kanye nezinkinga. Ngenxa yalokho, udokotela izophakamisa indlela engcono kakhulu ukukhululeka ubuhlungu, futhi uthathe zonke izinyathelo ukuthi ukuvimbela nomkhwezeli.

Phakathi ukusebenza wenziwa hardware njalo kanye nokuhlolwa egumbini. elawulwa ngokuzenzakalela ingcindezi, ukusebenza inhliziyo, igazi elingenawo umoya ukugcwaliswa. Phakathi eside ukungenelela ngaphansi kophenyo, okuyinto ukulawula yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile zomzimba.