Amagama izizwe Russia, isiko

Abaningi bangavuma ukuthi amagama abantu Russia zinezikhathi ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo. Nokho, lokhu akumangalisi. Izwe lethu lingelinye elikhulu, ngakho-ke kusho ukuthi usigcwalise abantu ohluke ngokuphelele nge nesiko labo, amasiko kanye nenkolo.

Lesi sihloko ngeke kuphela niyikhulume amagama abantu yeRussia, okuyizinto ezivamile kwezinye izinkolo, nokuphila ziyokhinyabezeka yizakhamuzi Orthodox. Futhi, umfundi uyothola ezinye izici ezazingaziwa abamele izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezwe lethu.

Imininingwane kawonkewonke ukubunjwa yobuhlanga

Ngokwesiko, Russia 3 abantu (eziyisisekelo) babe isiRashiya, Ukraine futhi Belarusians. Okungenani eminyakeni eyishumi edlule befuna ukuthola impendulo yalo mbuzo isimo uhlanga, ungathola ncamashi ulwazi. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Mhlawumbe kukhona okuye kwashintsha phezu kwesikhathi esithile? Zama ukuqonda.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu yamuva, ngokuvamile, Russia iyizwe laqanjwa multi-yobuhlanga, lapho abangaphezu kwekhulu ezizweni.

Kwenqwaba labantu abantu bomdabu, iningi labo - Russian. Bangaphezu kuka-6% - abameleli bezinye izizwe, lenkaba kabani zomlando lingaphandle Russian Federation. Kodwa naphezu umehluko wolimi, kolimi namasiko, konke kuhlobene ngumuntu umlando ezivamile futhi bayingxenye wonke umbuso omkhulu.

Izinkolo eyinhloko yezwe kukhona ubuKristu, ubuSulumane nobuBuddha, ngokufanele, akumangalisi ukuthi igama izizwe Russia nezinye izinkolo ivamile impela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu kweqiniso of eCaucasus, kanye baseRussia abahlala eNyakatho Ekude neMpumalanga Ekude.

Ukwakheka abantu bomdabu Russia kuhlanganisa namaqembu amaningana lesifunda, ne efanayo indawo kanye namasiko. Ngaphansi kuka 8% labantu - lapho kubhekiselwe kubantu bakulelo iVolga esifundeni kanye Urals (Bashkirs, Kalmyks, AmaTatar, iMari et al.). Kulaba, 4% - AmaTatar. Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar bangamaSulumane, Kalmyks - Buddhism, kanti bonke abanye - namanje Orthodox.

Ngokwezibalo, esingaphansi 3% labantu ezimela Northern Caucasian (Abazins, Balkarians Kabardinians Ingushs, Osetians Chechens et al.). Nalezi futhi zihlanganisa izizwe Dagestan. Cishe bonke bangamaSulumane (ngaphandle Christian Ossetic omdabu).

Phakathi kwezizwe yeSiberia, North siqukethe Buryat, zaseTuva, e-Altai, Khakassia, Yakuts futhi Shor. Lolu hlu kungenziwa wanezela namanye amaqembu amancane ezinhlanga abahlala enyakatho yeRussia. Zonke ngesikhathi ingxenyenamba ezizwe eSiberia neMpumalanga akhawunti North ngoba 0.6% wesibalo sabantu. Tuva kanye Buryatia basonta Buddhism, kanti bonke abanye - Orthodox futhi namaqaba.

ubuzwe State Unknown

Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi uma igama izizwe Russia ngama-alfabethi ukwakha, uzothola ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlamvu zamagama beyobe behileleke khona. Ngakho bangobani, abantu umbuso omkhulu?

Asizame ukukhuluma mayelana abameleli iimsebenzi eyaziwa kancani. It kuvela ukuthi ngesikhathi yethu namanje walondoloza Russian yobuhlanga nge isiko abahlukene, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo ezimbalwa abantu bazi.

Ngokwesibonelo, e Karelia khona edorobheni okuthiwa Vodlozerye ukuthi abantu bahlala kuphi echibini - Vodlozero. Emaphandleni zabantu mayelana 600. Okhokho babo kwakungabantu abavela Russian we eMoscow nesifunda Novgorod ekhulwini XVI., Kodwa izimpilo todvwa washintsha ubuntu babo. Bonke bangabangasokile Orthodox, naphezu inkolelo umlingisi basezinganekwaneni Slavic.

Esikhathini yakut emathafeni ungahlangana inzalo kwabokufika kusukela Cossacks futhi ugu-abahlali basemjondolo, azinza lapha ekhulwini XVII. Izifiki Russian wasungula umlomo futhi bazibize indigirschikami (kusuka Indigirka River). Manje baziwa ngokuthi russkoustintsy. Kanye iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ihlangabezana nemimoya.

Ngokwe-oda uCatherine II ekhulwini XVIII. ku Trans-iBaikal esifundeni ayesebuyele abavela kwamanye amazwe, Russian Old Amakholwa owadala uhlanga okuthiwa Semey. Lezi zisekhona walondoloza indlela Old Amakholwa 'wokuphila.

Ababaleki-Russian e Western eSiberia ekhulwini XVI. abendawo baye ngokuthi "chaldonami", okusho ukuthi "isiboshwa." idatha Esinembile ngokubukeka kwabo kulezi zindawo akudingeki. Chaldony zehluke Mongoloid uhlobo abantu yeSiberia nezintaba lwamaSlav ngendlela ebukeka ngayo, kolimi namasiko. Manje lesi sizwe encane sonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa. Amasiko lezizwe Russian leqembu yobuhlanga, ngeshwa, cishe akazange esiphila kuze kube namuhla.

Emakhulwini eminyaka XVI-XVII. kusukela Ephakathi neseMpumalanga Pomerania enkabeni yeSiberia immigrated abavela kwamanye amazwe wokuqala Russian azinza eNhlonhlweni Taimyr futhi yaba isisekelo labantu Taimyr-Taruhanskogo wesifunda kanye noMfula Angara. Ngakho lapho Ethnogroup zatundrennyh abalimi isiRashiya, sebemukele ukuphila we Evenk futhi yakut. Ngaphansi kwethonya abakhileyo zomdabu, a Dolgan iqembu elisha yobuhlanga, lapho zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni kuyinto exutshwe nemimoya.

Nokunyamalala Abantu: i Khanty futhi Mansi

Amagama izizwe Russia, uhlu okuyinto ngempela ebanzi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucabanga ngaphandle Khanty futhi Mansi. Lokhu kwabomndeni abantu of the North, esukela ekubumbaneni we Ural amasiko Neolithic nezizwana Ugric. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu idatha idume isibindi ekuzingeleni. Kodwa manje kuba neqembu elincane labantu Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy. Ikhaya ukuze Khanty kubhekwa the OB soMfula, kanye Munsee wafika lapha ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Ngemva kwalokho, izizwe, baqala ukuthuthela e kuya enyakatho nasempumalanga.

Kwabathakathi babe yokuphila ikakhulu ehlathini, wafike wahlanganyela ukuzingela nokudoba. Deer ngoba Khanty wakhonza njengephayona umthombo izikhumba inyama, kanye kwetisebenti emnothweni. Esikhathini ukudla washisa inyama kanye nenhlanzi izilwane ebanjwe ekuzingeleni.

Ayikho uzibuze igama izizwe Russia uvumelane naleli qembu. Sinenkosi kuningi abafana ngakho. Ngokwesibonelo, lezi zizwe ezimbili baye njalo baphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo. Ubuhlobo obuseduze ne imvelo namahlelo commercial nascent: ukukhiqizwa lokuqala catch noma ezihlatshelwe izithombe. Iningi imikhosi tribal yayiqhutshwa ngendlela engokwenkolo ngokwemvelo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezweni lethu, izingane ziqala ngijwayele izici yezwe eseluphele sasivumela abasha. Ngokwesibonelo, isigaba "Amagama abantu Russia" 2 ekilasini esikoleni olunzulu iyingxenye yesimiso evunywe i-Ministry.

Izingane bafunde ukuthi izilwane eziningi nezitshalo ezihlobene eziningana engcwele. Ekuqaleni, ulwazi mayelana namasiko ezizwe Russia wakhonza ngesimo inganekwane, izindaba eziqanjiwe nezinganekwane, t. E. Ngo ifomu kufinyeleleke ukuba umuntu kancane.

By the way, abadala futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka-ke kungaba ukwazi ukuthi, ngokusho ezinganekwaneni we Khanty, kwafika owesifazane wokuqala kuleli bhere. Lokho i-Great Bear wanika umlilo abantu nolwazi, wamahlulela u ezingxabanweni. Kukholakala ukuthi isizwe Khanty kwaholela Vasyugan umfula i-beaver. Imithini futhi beaver wayelihlonipha futhi wabhekisela isilwane ihlelo. Moose sasifanekisela amandla nokuchuma.

Izihlahla kwadingeka ukubaluleka kwayo empilweni we Khanty futhi Mansi. Abanye belapheka ngaso, futhi hhayi ukuya kwezinye. Ilanga nenyanga nazo bakhuleka. Kukholakala ukuthi abantu bekulindeleke ukuthi inyunyana kwalezi ezimbili. Ilanga limelela isimiso njengabesifazane, nenyanga sasifanekisela amadoda.

Isigaba of ethile yencwadi enesihloko esithi "Abantu Russia" Ibanga 3 izifundo kakade ngokuhlukile kancane. Izingane zithola imfundo ejulile ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana idivayisi ethnographic of ezweni lakubo.

Huskies - northerners uyaziqhenya

Amagama izizwe Russia, isithombe okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela olunothile, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucabanga ngaphandle ngisho abanye abameleli kwamaqembu ezinhlanga - the Eskimo.

Zihlala Chukotka, Magadan Region. I bakhona abantu mayelana 1,800. Ngokombono kwezilimi buka, ulimi lwesigodi ezihlobene ESCO-Aleut umndeni izilimi futhi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: entshonalanga (Yupik) nasempumalanga (inupik). Ngo Chukotka, Eskimo ngumnikazi bomdabu, Russian futhi amaChukchi.

I etymology kwegama izizwe Russia, izithombe zazo ingatholakala cishe wonke ama-encyclopedia ezinkulu zomhlaba, ngezinye izikhathi usukela ngempela kalula. Kodwa leso simo Inuit iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho. Imininingwane eqondile ayitholakali ngemvelaphi abantu, kodwa kuze kube manje liye laqiniswa ukuthi bayinzalo isiko lasendulo ezazikhona ogwini Sea Bering ngesikhathi BC ekupheleni mina yeminyaka. e.

Umthombo oyinhloko ukudla - ulwandle ukuzingela, abazingeli izibhamu ezibhekwa imikhonto main futhi harpoons. Ukuzingela amacebo baye kwakuxhomeke njalo kwenye indawo kwe isilwane. Prey babe imikhomo, walruses nezimpawu. Nge nokushoda inyama zasolwandle izilwane ezingelwa yezilwane zasendle nezinyoni, babehilelekile lokudoba. Abazingeli wathutha emanzini ku-canoes futhi kayaks. Ukuze ukunyakaza kusezweni esetshenziswa dugokopylnye nezibhulo edonswa izinja noma abagijimi isihlibhi of isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula izinyo lendlovu. Sekuyisikhathi eside eqhweni skied neqhwa - ezicathulweni nge spikes ithambo.

Ososayensi ukutadisha emasikweni abantu yeRussia, bathi Eskimo elakhiwa izindlu itshe and whale izimbambo, Uhlaka Ukuthokomala inyamazane izikhumba. Kamuva, baqala ukuphila ohlakeni izindlu semi komhlaba, efana yaranga amaChukchi.

Imizana yokhokho lasendulo olubekwa isiteji ukuze ungakwazi ukuqapha ukuhamba izilwane zasemanzini. Nezingubo lenziwa ngezikhumba ezinyamazane nezimvu zamanzi, izicathulo eyenziwe ngesikhumba semvu yamanzi, wembatha izinyawo zakhe torbasa seal noboya kanye amasokisi amade. Abesilisa nabesifazane asebeneminyaka ziyabhalwa ebusweni nomzimba, wababhokoda ekhaleni ne lip izindandatho hung ithambo, namazinyo isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula, njll

Eskimo ngihloniphe imvelo nokubambelela nemimoya. Ukuzingela nokudoba abazinikele amasiko.

Indawo ekhethekile emasikweni temdzabu ukuthwala kwasekelwa izwe, ithambo eqoshwe futhi folk. indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa Inuit imigqomo esetshenziswa Labelaphi.

Ocwaningweni eningiliziwe yokuphila kulaba bantu, kuyacaca ukuthi amagama ahlukene abantu Russia - lena nje kuwukusika elijikayo. Thina ngempela zihlukile, futhi ngezindlela eziningi: enkolweni, esikhathini ukubukwa, izinto eziza kuqala, e idivayisi kokuphila komphakathi umphakathi.

Famous reindeer - Koryak

Ecinga edition elilandelayo the Atlas "Abantu Russia", izithombe izihloko elikhonza njengoba umthetho, kuba colorful kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba banake ngisho abanye abantu bomdabu.

Koryak ( "chavchu" - "umalusi") ihlobana uhlanga Arctic Mongoloid. Hlala Magadan futhi eKamchatka izifunda futhi Chukotka. Ulimi iyafana lwesigodi of amaChukchi bese engena amaChukchi-eKamchatka iqembu izilimi Paleo-Asiatic.

A nomthelela obalulekile amasiko abo kwaba Russian. Ngaphambi uhulumeni wamaSoviet emnothweni yayibuswa ubudlelwane lasekuqaleni.

isiphetho Koryak siqukethe ekamu nge yaranga. Uhlobo eyinhloko ukudoba kubhekwa abelusa, kulekelelwa ukuzingela nokudoba. Izimoto Ziningi enibaziyo amaChukchi futhi Eskimo.

Winter izingubo ngokuvamile yakhiwa noboya ihembe, ibhulukwe kanye bonnet. Izicathulo ithungwe kusukela reindeer umlenze izikhumba. izingubo ehlobo esakhiwe ngezinto ukukhanya - inja kanye nezinyamazane izikhumba, indwangu, njll izingubo ahlotshiswe ngemihlobiso elengayo ... ukubaluleka yemilingo enezinwele futhi tattoo kwabesifazane.

Ukudla yinto okumele uyenze nenyama yenyamazane namuhla. inhlanzi Koryak nokuvuna yukola, kubutsela amajikijolo namantongomane. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. base ufulawa, itiye, ushukela nokusanhlamvu.

Abesifazane edolobhaneni iphathwa thunga noboya noboya mata, futhi amadoda bekwi imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza esakhiwe ngezinto eziqinile. imikhosi beNdabuko emikhosini yenkolo aphethwe emicimbini ethile, futhi ahambisana nemidanso isiko nezingoma, imidlalo. Zezinsimbi zomculo kanye ithamborini esetshenziswa ihabhu (ithamborini amazinyo).

inyamalala uhlanga

Ucabanga Sesifundile amagama zonke izizwe Russia? Uzimisele ukugembula ukuthi Tofalaria wena uyobe cishe ngizwe.

Ngo entabeni-ehlathini izifunda esifundeni sase-Irkutsk iyikhaya labantu bendawo, okuyinto olunezinombolo abantu abangaba ngu-700.

Bathi laba bantu Tofalar ulimi, banamathele yenkolelo kodwa nazo nemilingo. Ezinye yezandla zihlanganisa ukuzingela reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya. Ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko umsebenzi - ezitsheni, amathambo, yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephuma amagxolo birch, noboya kanye isikhumba.

Ngemva kwathatha izindlu Tofalars ekuphileni ixazululwe waqala ukwakha indlu apholile lwamakholi, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho ematendeni. izingubo Traditional wenza kusukela reindeer izikhumba, amaphiva noma izinyamazane. izigqoko Winter zazenziwe izinyamazane ezinoboya befuna isikhumba, futhi ehlobo - kusuka lendwangu. Amadoda ayegqoka ibhantshi ehlobo sendwangu. Manje bambalwa kakhulu abantu bagqoke izingubo ezinjalo.

Phambilini ukudla ikakhulukazi badla inyama yezilwane zasendle nezinyoni, izinyamazane ubisi ukuphuza, Baked rye amakhekhe. Tofalars walondoloza iculo, izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane.

Identity abantu - Archi

Archi - Ethnogroup ezincane abahlala Charodinsky District of Dagestan.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu ngasekupheleni 50 sika uhlanga kwabalelwa phakathi Avars. Nakuba bengenayo i ubudlelwane yobuhlanga namalimi kulesi sizwe.

Archi wahlanganyela imvu zizalela. The main emzaneni - Archib. ulimi Archi ayinakho isimo esemthethweni nezincwadi zalo.

Archi Iningi ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile bomdabu zabo, Avar futhi Russian. Gen. Archi neze sibhekana nezinguquko ezingezinhle, ukuthuthela edolobheni incane, kukhona nhlobo ukuganiselana.

Young ne ukuhlonipha izilimi namasiko abo. Namuhla, basuke esihlobene Lezizizwe zombili. umdanso Izintandokazi - akushinka, zomculo - izigubhu, kumuz futhi zurna. Amakholwa kukhona amaSulumane Sunni. izingubo boMdabu amadoda - izigqoko semvu amajazi, capes, abesifazane - amabhulukwe amade, amabhande ezimibalabala, ikhava ekhanda futhi chuhta (umnqwazo ngemihlobiso esiliva).

Angobani Amavoti?

Namuhla VOD abantu abahlala Luga River esizalweni somfula emadolobheni amancane amaningana. Inani labo abantu abangaba ngu-100, ngubani bayinzalo iqembu enyakatho ntshonalanga VOD. Zokudoba main esikhathini esidlule - nemfuyo, ezolimo nokudoba. Ezezindlu nezakhiwo ngokuvamile eyakhiwe log.

VOD Ukudla lalinabashumayeli esinkwa se-rye, okusanhlamvu kanye amazambane, imikhiqizo yobisi. Ukuze ngamaholide bapheka inyama ophaya, ukuphuza ubhiya.

VOD kukhona Orthodox. imikhosi eminingi eyisiko ehlobene yaqhutshelwa izinsuku amaholide zekhalenda bese besishumayela izenzakalo (lokuzalwa, lomshado, emngcwabeni). Ngesikhathi lomshado babe ezililweni lomshado ezivamile, umakoti elisebenzisekayo nezimpelesi begqoka wakhe. Emngcwabeni, wahlala imikhuba yobuqaba - bangcwatshwa lezixuku engengcwele sizungezwe amatshe ethuneni.

Nivkhs - izakhamuzi eKhabarovsk Territory

Esikhathini eKhabarovsk Territory futhi Sakhalin Nivkh baphile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi inzalo abantu basendulo babengazi ayehlala Sakhalin futhi sifinyelela engezansi lase-Amur. Nivkhs ukukhuluma Nivkh ulimi.

imisebenzi Main - Marine nokudoba. It is uyabandakanyeka inja zizalela, abazingeli futhi ubutha amajikijolo, izitshalo ne-shellfish. Baphila ukuphila okunethezekile.

Ukutadisha abantu Russia, izikole Ibanga 3 obschebrazovatelnoy wezwe lakithi wahlangana naye nge ezinganekwaneni laba bantu basendulo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ulwazi mayelana nokuphila namasiko yalesi sizwe, sazuza kakhulu ngakho osekhona usuku izinganekwane inganekwane samanje.

Naprmer, sithole ukuthi izingubo okwakungafanele ibhulukwe lakhe kanye elingenamikhono, wenza lendwangu noma esebenzisa isikhumba senhlanzi esomile. Winter izingubo ezifanayo ithungwe kusukela noboya of izinja, futhi izicathulo ezigugile kusuka inhlanzi noma ngesikhumba semvu yamanzi.

Basonta Orthodox, kodwa walondoloza izinkolelo zenkolo.

Selkup - abantu YANAO

Abantu abancinyane kunazo zonke eNyakatho, iSelkup ("umuntu wehlathi"), bahlala esifundeni sase Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Kodwa akulona igama elilodwa labantu. I-Obskie Selkups ibiza ngokuthi i-syisek ("i-taiga man"), kanye naseningizimu - ukuthungatha ("umhlaba womuntu").

Ama-ethnos angama-Urals umncintiswano omncane futhi anezici ezivamile ze-Mongoloid ne-Europoid. Ama-Selkups ahlanganyela ekuzingeleni nasekudobeni. Abantu baseningizimu babehlanganyela ekulimeni nasekusetshenziseni izinsimbi, ukugaya ama-northern reindeer. Ngekhulu le-XVII. UbuKristu bamukeleka, kodwa imikhosi yenkolo namaholide ayegcinwe.