Lapho eMoscow amatshe ezikhumbuzo Gogol? Gogol lesikhumbuzo ku Gogol Boulevard: Indaba

ERussia njalo bekulokhu mpi imfashini futhi ohlonishwa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithombe. Prince uVladimir, emisa ubuKristu, waminza emfuleni eziningi Perun, kodwa manje inzalo yakhe kulo Ukrainian wangqongqoza ukuzilwela uVladimir Ilyich.

"Nge abesifazane-Yagami nikchemushnaya umzukuzuku"

Esikhathini Russian Federation, ukhathazekile ngokuzumayo mayelana lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gogol. Isikhumbuzo ukuze umbuso wamaSoviet kulendzawo yangaphambilini Prechistensky (manje Gogol) Boulevard ngoMashi 2014 kwanqunywa ukuba ahlukanise, futhi endaweni yayo emuva ubudala usebenza Andreeva, elakhiwa lapha ekuqaleni, emuva ngo-1909.

Ukuvumelana emphakathini ngalolu daba akukho. Omunye izakhamuzi bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukushiya izinto njengoba zinjalo, omunye alungele 'buyisa ahluleli zomlando ", ningathandi kubhekwe nanoma yimuphi ngokucabangisisa bakwazi, futhi amaqiniso okuphila elibazungezile (phela okwamanje kunenkinga futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu ngeke eRussia). Othile, mhlawumbe, akenqenanga, kodwa uvinjwa izisusa luyingxenye kwezomnotho: ochwepheshe bathi kufanele igqoke nge izakhiwo efanayo lapha nalaphaya - hhayi injabulo ezishibhile.

Ukulandela Pushkin

Itshe lesikhumbuzo omunye Gogol e Moscow, manje uyahamba ukubuyela endaweni, umphakathi okuqhubekayo isinqumo sokuzakhela ngo-August 1880. Kulo nyaka wavula lesikhumbuzo Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu ku Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Boulevard. Yena yisiphepho ngokwalo kanye izilaleli izinyembezi zenjabulo futhi imizwelo, futhi ngaso leso sikhathi kwase kukhona abathanda abafuna ukuba ikhokhe intela futhi Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu. Itshe lesikhumbuzo Kwakuhlelwe ukuvula i-iminyaka engu-wamashumi omahlanu ka-ukufa kwakhe - ngo-1902, kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi cishe ngokushesha kwathiwa okubhaliselwe ukuqoqa izimali, kunjalo wazola isikhathi eside.

Bemanga yobugovu kancane uThandeka kusukela izindebe ezinye izibalo (M. Kuraeva, ikakhulukazi), ke akuyona neze into kumfanele: ku lesikhumbuzo ukuze Aleksandru Sergeevichu wabutha masinyane (zonke sibalo zakudala owaziwa kakhulu wavela engamashumi amabili emva ekuqaleni ukuthenga), kodwa futhi ngoba UNikolai hhayi ke ukuba abancishanayo.

Awunayo isikhathi sokuba iminyaka engu-, zama i yokugubha usuku

I usozimboni abadumile isiRashiya, Demidov wathembisa zethusi "njengoba kudingekile" ngisho badela ayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Kwakukhona nezinye abashisekeli. Ngo-1890, alungele ukudalwa ikomiti ekhethekile ku ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo, kodwa akuyona ikakhulukazi ngokushesha, ngesikhathi 1893 Umbusi ngokwakhe akazange athi 'ukusheshisa'.

Kwasebenza hhayi kanjalo maduze, kodwa amalungu weBandla zihlaba ekugcineni aphethwe uchungechunge lwemihlangano kunquma kumuntu kwakudingekile ukuba 'siqhubeke ukwakhiwa kwaleli tshe lesikhumbuzo. " Ngokuthakazelisayo, igama lakhe kwakungu AN ekhaleni. Vele lokukhohlisa yohlobo oluthile.

Ngandlela-thile, ngobukhulu ubunzima, sasiqhuba emncintiswaneni ngenxa yomsebenzi engcono, kodwa akekho imidwebo awuzange ikhomishana umxhwele. Kwacaca ukuthi kumelwe ukuhambisa okusheshayo: sisondela ngokungenakuvinjelwa esondela ngonyaka 1909 - eyikhulu yokuzalwa Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu wabulawa. Isikhumbuzo, hhayi avuthwa ukuba esenzeka ngalo kwaze kwaba sekufeni, kwakuyoba Ukugunda kakhulu.

umqophi ngabazeka, iphrojekthi ezingabazisayo

Kuyinto ayikaziwa ukuthi izingxoxo backroom andulela ukwamukelwa yephrojekthi Andreev, kodwa uvotela ke ngazwi linye (kuzimo, ezashiwo ekomidini, izwi elilodwa ngokumelene vetoed ukwamukelwa of okusalungiswa). Mhlawumbe isixazululo ngempela waphoqeleka: isikhathi into cishe akukho ukukhetha. Ngakho, ngosizi ngesigamu, umsebenzi wokwakha baqala, kabanzi imbozwe cindezela bese kubangele ingxoxo ethakazelisayo phakathi Muscovites.

Ukuqala ungubani umbhali liphakamisa imibuzo. abameleli Ezivelele yobuciko ngalezo zikhathi Opekushin Repin futhi bayazisa ithalente we umqophi abasha. Nokho, umphakathi bangabaza: nakho okuncane ukwakhiwa esikhumbuzo.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba kuvulwe umhlaziyi owaziwa Sergey Yablonovskii ngokuthi lesikhumbuzo iwuphawu "futhi sivusa," futhi waveza umbono wokuthi "ke abaningi ungafuni." Njengoba amanzi wabheka!

Zaze othembisayo lesikhumbuzo

Ukuvula isikhumbuzo Gogol eMoscow kuhlelwe nge isasasa elikhulu, nakuba akubanga khona ngaphandle evamile (kumelwe kuqashelwe) bungling: ngisesiteji esakhiwe ngokukhethekile kwakufanele wezimbangi, esonweni ukuzisebenzisa uvinjelwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izithombe kusukela ukuvulwa kuyabonakala esinqeni umsindo umxhwele wavula nje lesikhumbuzo, futhi elilandelayo -. Vumela "ezinhlwini ezibukwayo" Ukuqala sasibikezela ...

Imizwelo kubangelwa lesikhumbuzo, ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokucijile ihlukaniswe. Abaningi baye banquma (Repin, isibonelo), ukuthi phambi kwabo - ephawulekayo wobuciko, kodwa kunalokho nezithameli elikhulu wathola lesikhumbuzo kuya namathe yangempela kuze kube phakade.

izimisele Gogol

I ebaziwe sibonisa indoda, zihambisana ngokuphelele isembatho, nekhanda lakhe bakhothama. Wakhothama absurdly yayehlele phezu kolunye uhlangothi, Gogol wayehlezi esihlalweni bese ubeqhakambisa Weltschmerz futhi yakhe edumile ekhaleni eside cishe wathinta kwamadolo akhe. Tetrahedral isinyathelo anezinhlaka emapheshana zethusi - a esiqoshiwe sase-kuso, kuchazwa izinhlamvu imisebenzi odumile umbhali. Abazange kubangele ukugxekwa. Kodwa umfanekiso zakudala!

Fell isampula ngesiqubulo: "Andreev eyenziwe Gogol" I Ikhala "nesithi" ijazi, ""; "Gogol, owayesekhokhoba, ehlezi, Pushkin, Gogol sika angizisoli nakancane."

Ufunde kuvulwa unkosikazi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Sofya Andreyevna, ngathola lesikhumbuzo "siyanyanyisa" (njengoba in idayari siqu futhi wabhala). Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezihlekisayo ukuthi umyeni wakhe omkhulu, omkhulu zabuna izincwadi zezwe, isikhumbuzo uthanda.

Izwe lonke udlame silahle ...

Kuleli banga, futhi sahlala lapha Izibuyekezo eziningi. Nokho, ukushintsha lesikhumbuzo sedentary ukuze Gogol akekho wayezokuya futhi Wayeleminyaka ekuqaleni Gogol Boulevard, futhi cishe, kuze kube yilolu suku, uma ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka ukuze amandla ongafikanga "isizwe abasha, engaziwa," futhi akasidlanga ukunquma isiphetho yezwe (kanye izikhumbuzo) ngendlela entsha.

Gogol lesikhumbuzo ku Gogol Boulevard eyathatha emva kwempi, iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi ibilokhu uyahlaselwa, kuba usuku lonke bi emini. Isizathu, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, incwadi sibalo izimisele we zabuna temibhalo imizwa yakho uJosefa Vissarionovich, ophoqelelwe njalo ukuzwelana skosobochennomu Gogol lesikhumbuzo wawulingana ncamashi endleleni eya dacha at LaseKuntsëvo, lapho kuxazululwe uNobhala Jikelele ongumninimandla onke Soviet.

Impi nge umbhali zethusi

Izinkulungwane sycophants, umagange ukujabulisa umholi bathandekayo, ayizange ukuhlala ku "ukukhahlela" ekudalweni Andreev. I umqophi abadumile Soviet Vera Mukhina (umlobi odumile "Isisebenzi Ipulazi sabaqashi") osolwa lesikhumbuzo e ezungezile ngokoqobo iphutha. Zithi uma kwakukhona isizathu ukuba esidabukisayo Gogol - ezethusayo kobushiqela tsarist nabanye, futhi manje into edabukisayo uma abahlala kuleli lizwe isibe "fun kangcono futhi ngaphezulu?"

Ekuqaleni ahlukanisa sedentary Gogol lesikhumbuzo baseMoscow abazange ukuhlela - nje ujabulise ukwakha enye ngesikhathi komunye umkhawulo sikwele. Ubani banged ngenqindi yakhe phezu kwetafula ayaziwa, kodwa ngo-1952, i-100 iminyaka engu-th sokufa kwakhe, wavula lesikhumbuzo entsha, wehlukile yangaphambili eMoscow.

Nokho, ukuze weminyaka engu!

Umlando nge ukwamukelwa iphrojekthi futhi kwaba ezinye amnyama: winner emncintiswaneni waba caressed iziphathimandla (umnikazi amahlanu Stalin Imiklomelo!) UMbazi Tomsky, kamuva yena wavuma ukuthi Gogol lesikhumbuzo ku Gogol Boulevard wombhali yakhe ngokungagwegwesi ezimbi. Izaba ugijimele: Bathi, awunaso isikhathi ukuze wenze okuningi qualitatively, ngoba-ke kwakudingekile ukuba siqhubeke imigomo - kuya iminyaka engu-wokuhamba kokufa umbhali.

Ngemva kokwethula imiphumela yomsebenzi yonyaka futhi waphula into efana ehlazweni. Ukubona lesikhumbuzo ukuze osanda kuzalwa N. V Gogolyu, umphakathi washaqeka (futhi washaqeka). Manje umlobi we lesikhumbuzo omangalisayo nge umbhalo oqoshiwe uyazigqaja eyesabekayo "Kusukela uhulumeni wamaSoviet" (okungadingi usukhathele ukuhlekisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sekhulu leminyaka) hit beqisa: ukufaka esikhundleni abagulayo, zabuna idangele kwaba inhlobo onamileyo "Uthisha umdanso" - smiling, e cape iDemo engenangqondo. Ezinye wayekubheka njengelungelo "ubuciko" ubuqili, isathaya futhi abantu izinkondlo futhi esingu up epigrams caustic.

Esifanekisweni Ungase futhi singajabuli

Isikhumbuzo Andreev adiliza kudala njengoba 1951, endaweni khulula ukwakha entsha, lesikhumbuzo ume-up ukuze Gogol (ngubani ihlanganise ukunqoba yobuciko phezu ngokoqobo amnyama).

Ekuqaleni, "hhayi isihloko edabukisayo" UNikolai yethusi wayezobajezisa ngisho (thumela encibilikisiwe), kodwa abasebenzi eMoscow Museum Architectural wakusindisa ngokuyisimangaliso wobuciko. Ekugcineni kwakukhona inkomba emfushane. Kuze 1959, lesikhumbuzo lagcinwa zezikhali e igatsha Museum itholakala yangaphambili Donskoy Monastery: lapha wathola indawo yokufihla ikhanda eziningi engadingeki Soviet uhlelo ukubaza zemabula sibalo nge mbumbulu phansi amasonto eMoscow, isibonelo.

Ngo-1959, i- "sad" umbhali wabuyela eMoscow futhi wathola indlu ayephila eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe (indlu kwakungekaNkulunkulu Bala A. UTolstoy). Abantu bomuzi bathi amaphuzu athile ku Nikitsky Boulevard kungabonwa ehlezi futhi emi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gogol ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngesikhathi lapho umsebenzi saseTomsk esetshenziswa, ekwakhiweni 1952 kubonakala nesithunzi, siqaphela, isibonelo, ukuthi kungcono angena look zanamuhla kwendawo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbono wokubhujiswa ezikhumbuzo of nenkathi yamaSoviet eziningi ungathandi, manje kwi "letijabulisako" UNikolai Vasilyevich kusongelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izazi zithi umzamo ukuze ubuyele somlando endaweni yayo igcwele yezinkinga esingalindelekile: sakhiwo ngempela ubudala, ngesikhathi ezokuthutha kungalimaza ke - kungcono ukushiya izinto njengoba zinjalo. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngilwe yokuthi ezimbili lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gogol - ungcono noyedwa.