Abantu kanye nendawo yeBashkortostan. I-Republic of Bashkortostan: inhloko-dolobha, umongameli, umnotho, imvelo

Abavakashi abavela emhlabeni wonke bafika e-republic ukutadisha isiko labo futhi bajabulele izinto. Indawo yeBashkiria inkulu, futhi imvelo ihlukile futhi ayinqamile. Uma ngabe ufuna ukuhamba lapho, qiniseka ukuthi uyakwenza.

Umlando

Ngokokuqala ngqa i-republic kanye nezakhamuzi zakhona zibalwe ezintweni ezibhaliwe zekhulu le-10. Izintaba eziningi zaseBashkiria zazihlala nenye ingxenye yabantu bendabuko, enye ingxenye yayihlala ezitebhisini ezizimele. Imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ukuzingela, ukuzalisa izinkomo kanye nokudoba.

Ngekhulu le-12 leminyaka le-14, amaBashkirs ayecindezelwa yiTatar-Mongols, emva kokuwa kweHorde, khona ukuphela kwabantu kwakusongelwa - abantu baxoshwa, bahlangene. Ngo-1557, kunqunywe ukujoyina umbuso waseRashiya. Kancane kancane insimu yaseBashkortostan iqala ukuhlala. Ukuze zivikele emelene nokuhlasela kwezitha, kwakhiwa izinqaba eziningana. Izakhamuzi zendawo zamukela ulwazi lwaseRussia lokulima. Ekhulwini le-18, ama-Urals ase-Southern yaba isikhungo sembonini yezimayini.

Ama-Bashkirs athatha ingxenye ekhuthele eMpini Yabafokazi. Inqola yabo yayiholwa imbongi kanye nomholi wezempi onamakhono uSalvat Yulaev, oboshiwe nguhulumeni futhi wathunyelwa ekuthunjweni ngemuva kokunqotshwa. Kamuva, waba yindoda yesizwe.

Lapho kufika amaSoviet, i-republic eyimimandla yakhiwa. Ngo-1992, mayelana nokuwa kwe-USSR nokushintsha kwamandla, kwaqanjwa kabusha. Indawo enhle yayibizwa ngeRiphabhliki yaseBashkortostan. Nansi indlela esiyamaziyo ngayo namuhla. Embuzweni "iminyaka emingaki ye-Bashkiria?" Kunzima ukuphendula ngokungahleleki. Njengesizinda esizimele i-republic yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-700 edlule. Kodwa ukuzalwa kwakhe kubonakala sengathi sekuphakathi kwekhulu le-15 - ngaleso sikhathi wabe esexhunyiwe eRussia.

Indawo yaseBashkortostan

IRiphabhliki iseningizimu engxenyeni engasenyakatho yezintaba zase-Ural, ngaseYurophu nase-Asia. Emaphandleni kukhona i-Perm, iSverdlovsk, iKhelyabinsk, i-Orenburg. Emadolobheni asempumalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga neTatarstan nase-Udmurtia, ngokulandelana. Indawo eqondile yaseBashkiria yizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-143 600 (lokhu kungu-0.8% wendawo yonke yaseRussia).

Inhloko-dolobha ye-republic iyidolobha lase-Ufa. I Beloretsk, Ishimbay, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Salavat, Sibay, iSterlitamak yimizi emikhulu iBaskiria ingaziqhayisa ngayo. Ulimi lapho izakhamuzi zalo zixhumana khona yiRashiya. Babuye bakhulume isiBashkir, futhi kwezinye izindawo abantu baxhumana ngokukhululekile ngesiTatar. Abantu base-republic (ngokwezibalo zabantu base-2010) bangabantu abangu-1 172 287. Ezweni kukhona cishe ama-Bashkirs angaba yizigidi ezimbili.

Isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu se-republic kuyinto i-continental. Isimo sezulu e-Bashkiria siyashintsha, ngezinye izikhathi singalindeleki. Uhla oluphansi lwezintaba aluvimbeli ukungena kwamandla abantu baseSiberia.

Ihlobo e-republic lifudumele. Ukushisa endaweni ye-steppe yama-Urhill Foothill kuphakama kuya kuma-40 degrees. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngoJulayi izinga lokushisa lihlala endaweni kusuka ku-16 kuya ku-20 ° C. Izinsuku zezinsuku ezishisayo ezinhlokodolobha zizungeze 260. Ubusika eBashkiria bukhulu kakhulu. Ukushisa okubi kunamaphesenti angu-15, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa liyehla ku -40 ° C. Okuvamile kuma-stepp kuneziqhwa zeqhwa ezithinta iqhwa ezivela ezingxenyeni eziphakeme zezigodi ze-Urals. Iqhwa livela ngoSepthemba futhi lihlala kuze kube ngo-Ephreli. Isimo sezulu e-Bashkiria ngokuqondile sincike emoyeni, ngokwesilinganiso, sikhula ngesivinini sika 3.4-5.2 wamamitha ngomzuzwana.

Imvelo

Abaningi abavakashele e-republic bajabulele ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lwayo. Ukuhamba nge-Bashkortostan, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka emahlathini e-coniferous and deciduous. Ziziqhenya futhi zihloniphekile zikhona ema-oki ahloniphekile, ama-lime alula, ama-maple ahamba phambili , i- fir ekhaliphile. Le ndawo inesithakazelo se-chic flora nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane - izilwane eziyi-taiga ezihlala kulezi zihlahla. Amagundane, ama-jay, ama-badgers nama-hedgehogs kuphela ingxenye encane yezilwane ezingabonwa ngabakhenkethi.

Amahlathi-amahlathi aseBashkortostan anezimpungushe, izimpisi namahares, ezindaweni lapho kungenzeka khona ukuhlangabeza inyamazane. Ezindaweni ezivulekile kunazo zonke, ama-rodpost ahlala. Izinkumbi namadada ahlala eduze namachibi. Indawo yesiteleka ayitholakali nezihlahla, kunezitshalo ezimbalwa lapha, okusanhlamvu okunjengama-oats kanye nosizi obunamaphule alukhula. Kwabahlali bendawo - ama-gophers, i-jerboa. Izinyoni eziningi zezilwane - izimpondo, ama-eagle, ama-kites. Ngokuvamile zingabonakala zihambela emoyeni noma zihlezi emithambekeni - ngakho zibuka futhi zibukele izidla. Amachibi aseSauralye aseSauralye ahlaselwa yizinyoni, futhi eduze nemifula umuntu angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezakhamuzi zamahlathi angomakhelwane.

Izintaba zaseBashkortostan

Ukukhanga okubaluleke kakhulu kwezokuvakasha kweBashkortostan yizintaba zayo ezinhle kakhulu. Lapha kutholakala intaba enkulu kunazozonke ze-Urals Southern - ubukhulu obunamapulangwe amabili aseYamantau, lapho imifula eminingi igeleza khona. Enye intaba ethandwayo yi-Iremal ongcwele, okwakungavunyelwe ukukhuphuka kuze kube sekhulwini le-19. I-Mount Premel ingunina wemifula emibili, ibhukuda lapho umuntu angabanjwa khona ngamandla amakhulu emnyaka omude ozayo.

Kunezinganekwane mayelana nokubonakala kwezintaba zeJurak-Tau, iKush-Tau, i-Shah-Tau neTra-Tau. Kukholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi edlule i-jigit Ashak eyaziqhenya yayithandana nendodakazi ye-Urals yakudala, i-Agidel enhle. Wazama ukunakekela intombazane, kodwa imizwa yakhe yayingavumelani. Wahlala phansi ehhashi futhi waxosha othandekayo wakhe. Ngemva kokubamba, wamshaya ngesibhamu, okwamcasula indoda endala yama-Urals. Waphenduka indodakazi yakhe ibe ngumfula ophuthumayo, kanti u-Ashak akakwazanga ukubamba i-Agidel engalaleli - amanzi ageleza ngeminwe yakhe.

Wakhetha ukuthumela u-falcon ngemuva kwentombazane, kodwa naye waphumelela. Konke kwaqaphela u-Ashak, wazikhipha inhliziyo yakhe esifubeni sakhe, wayibeka ezinyaweni zothandekayo wakhe. Wamthinta, kepha akakwazanga ukubuyela esimweni somuntu. Manje esakhiweni sengozi kukhona ama shihans amane - i-Yurak-Tau (inhliziyo), iKush-Tau (inyoni), i-Shah-Tau (Ashak) neTra-Tau (intaba yaseBashkir).

Imifula

Imifula, njengezintaba, iwukuziqhenya kwe-republic ehle. Umfula omkhulu kunamandla kakhulu eBashkiria yi-Belaya. Igeleza, ixhuma, eduze kwe-Ural kanye nasemagqumeni angasentshonalanga. Izinhlanzi zayo ziyiziNugush, uSim, Ufa noDema. NgoNovemba, emva kwamaqhwa aqinile, imifula iyashesha ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-5, kancane kancane bahamba.

Ezisehlathini nasezindaweni ezisezintabeni, ungabala inani elikhulu lamachibi, ubukhulu obuhlukile. Ziningi, kodwa ezingcolile, futhi eziningi zazo zigcwele umhlanga, ama-sabelnik nezinye izitshalo ze-marsh. Amachibi ahlukile - ahlanzekile, ayenamanzi, kodwa ayenhle kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwawo.

Izinqolobane zemvelo

Indawo enkulu yaseBashkiria inabantu abanokubaluleka kwemvelo.

• I-State Reserve . Kutholakale emngceleni wamahlathi ase-wide-leaved ne-birch, iseduze ne-trans-Ural steppes. Umhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane ucebile kakhulu, uhlalwa yizilwane ezimbili ezincelisayo nezilwane ezinkulu. Abasebenzi balondolozwe ukuqapha nokugcinwa kwezinyoni nezilwane, eziningi zazo zingatholakala eNcwadini Ebomvu.
• I-Shulgan-Tash . E-Russian Federation azikho izifanekiselo zale ndawo - endaweni yesigodi zivikelwe futhi zihlolwe izinyosi zezinyosi zasendle. Ziyakwazi ukubekezelela kalula amakhaza futhi ziphikisana nezifo, futhi ukukhiqiza kwazo kuphakeme ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi endaweni yokugcina ivikelwe izinyoni ezingavamile.
• I-Bashkir National Park . Igcwele izinhlobo ezingavamile zezitshalo nezilwane. Abavakashi bayathola ithuba lokuhamba ngezindlela zemvelo (imizila eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile).

I-Bashkortostan yanamuhla

I-Bashkortostan ingenye yezifunda ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezomnotho we-Russian Federation. I-republikhi ithuthukise imboni, futhi inhloko-dolobha ilungele ukwenza ibhizinisi (ngokusho kwesilinganiso seForbes). Umholo ophilayo eBashkiria uhlelwe nguhulumeni ngesilinganiso samaRuble angu-8 691 ngamunye. Kubasebenzi - 9205, abahola impesheni - 7061, izingane - 8856.

Izitshalo nezitshalo zezimboni zanda emasimini, izimvu, amahhashi nezinyoni emafamu. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-wool okudumile nokuloba. I-republikhi ithuthukise ukuhlanzwa kwamafutha, ukwakha imishini nokusebenza kwezensimbi. Izitshalo zaseBashkiria zisebenza ngokhuni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha.

Kunezikhungo ezingu-1,644 zangaphambi kwesikole, izikole ezingu-1,587 kanye nezinyuvesi eziyishumi ezifundazweni e-republic.

Indawo yokuvakasha

Ukuvakasha kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko ekuphileni kweBashkortostan. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa yiSwitzerland yesibili ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwemithombo yemvelo. Ukuhamba uhambo, qiniseka ukuthi lapha ungakunikeza izinketho ezahlukene zokuphumula e-sanatoria nezindawo zokubhuka. Ungamisa emahostela, emahhotela amahle noma emahostela asebhajethi.

I-Republic of Bashkortostan inikeza izivakashi zayo ukuba zisebenzise izindlela eziningi zokuvakasha. Ngokukhetha kwakho - amakhulu ezinkambo zebhasi zasehlobo nasebusika, kufaka phakathi ukudlula enhloko-dolobha kanye nasezinqolobaneni. Kubalandeli behhashi lokugibela amahhashi, ukugibela ama-catamarans noma ama-Kayaks, futhi, kuyoba mnandi. Ungakwazi ukubhuka ukuhamba kwebhayisikili noma ibhayisikili, i-snowmobile safaris, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba, noma ukuhamba okulula.

Ufa - inhloko-dolobha yaseBashkortostan

I-Ufa itholakala enhliziyweni yeBashkiria, ekuhlanganiseni kwemifula emithathu emikhulu. Umlando womuzi ubuya ngo-1574 - u-Ufa ube yinqaba yokuqala yaseRussia. Kancane kancane isakaza ithonya layo kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-republic, inqaba yayibambelele ukuvikela futhi ibonisa ukuhlasela kwezitha.

Edolobheni kunezindawo eziningi zemidlalo evulekile izivakashi, lapho ungabona khona umdlalo nokudlala, i-opera ne-ballet, ubuke umbukiso wesipopi. Abavakashi bangasichitha isikhathi sabo eminyuziyamu kazwelonke nezamakhono edolobheni, futhi babheke izikhumbuzo zenkolo futhi baye ema-cinema anamuhla.

I-Ufa yumuzi omuhle futhi omuhle kakhulu. Emaphethelweni omgwaqo omatasa, izihlahla ze-lime, izimpophoma kanye namabalazwe zimi ngendlela efanayo. Izindlu zishintshwa ngamapaki, namapaki - ngamakhaya. Ukugqama okuyinhloko kwedolobha ukubukwa kwemikhumbi yomfula. Zifinyeleleke ngisho naselweni elingenalutho: ekude ungabona umkhumbi ohlaza okwesibhakabhakeni, uchithela ukugoba kwamachibi nemifula, ehamba kancane kancane. Amagquma amancane azungezile, agcwele ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngasentshonalanga - isigodi esihle kakhulu semfuleni iDemos ngezimvula, emahlathini namabhishi - izindawo ezizithandayo zokuphumula ezihlala emzini.

Inhloko yeRiphabhliki

Ngo-2014, u-Rustem Zakievich Khamitov wakhethwa okwesikhashana. Umsebenzi wakhe wezombangazwe waqala ngokuqokwa kukaSihlalo weKomishane ye-Ecology, wasebenza njengomqondisi we-Institute, futhi ngo-1994 waba nguNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo. Ngemuva kwakhe kuneminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi esakhiweni se-Ministry of Situations Emergency. Ngo-2010, owayengumongameli waseBashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov wasula. URustem Khamitov wamiswa endaweni yakhe nguDmitry Medvedev. UMkhandlu Kazwelonke weRiphabhliki weseka ukugqoka kwakhe. Ngomhla ka-15 Julayi 2010, uRustem Zakievich Khamitov uqale ngokusemthethweni kulo msebenzi obalulekile.

I-Khamitov ivuselela intsha uthando lwezemidlalo, ivuse ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. UMongameli waseBashkiria uhamba kulo lonke elaseRiphabhliki, ehlanganyela ngokugcwele empilweni yakhe yonke.

Ukudla kwamazwe

• I-Bisbarmak - ihhashi elibilisiwe inyama noma i-mutton, ihlukaniswe ngezicucu. Njengesitsha sehlangothini - ama-noodle anomhluzi ovela enyama.
• Umswakisi obomile ovela inyama yamahhashi.
• Ama-curdi amaminerali anosawoti (short).
• Berry pastille.
• Kumys kuyinto isiphuzo ubisi, okulungiselelwa kusuka ubisi mare. I-Kislovat ukunambitheka, izinzuzo ze-koumiss ziyakwaziswa emhlabeni jikelele.
• I-Buza - isiphuzo esekelwe kumabele okusanhlamvu we-rye noma ibhali.
• U-Ayran ubisi omuncu, buhlanjululwa ngamanzi. Umsizi omuhle ekulwa nokukoma.

Izingubo zendabuko

Ihembe elide elinomshini wokugqekeza kanye nekhati elincane elingenamikhono (ukufihla), eligqokelwe phezulu, yisisekelo sezingubo zomuntu wesilisa. Isigqoko sezimvu esifudumele ebusika noma ingubo efudumele (imithanjeni). Emilenzeni kukhona amabhuzu nge-shank yendwangu kanye namathiphu esikhumba esithambile (saryk) kanye nezicathulo zesikhumba ezenziwe ngezandla (kata). Abampofu kwakudingeka bagqoke izicathulo ezincane. Ekhanda umuntu angagqoka i-skullcap, futhi phezulu - isicathulo esivela kuboya be-otter noma i-beaver.

Izingubo zabesifazane zibubanzi, zize zigqweke izigqoko zezinyosi, ziboshwe ngamathaneli amaningi ahlukahlukene emgodini. Ekukhanyeni waphuma, egqoke i-apron nge-embroidery ecebile kanye ne-t-shirt engenamikhono elungisiwe emaphethelweni. Njengoba izingubo zangaphandle zokugqoka zihlotshiswe ngamacwecwe nobuhlalu, ebusika - ingubo yoboya. Izindwangu - isikhala esenziwe nge-chintz nesitulo soboya. Izicathulo zifana namadoda: i-saryk ene-embroidery, i-kata nezithende. Amantombazane avela emindenini ecebile ayegqoka imihlobiso ehlukahlukene: amasongo, imigexo, namasongo, namacici, imihlobiso.

Ngesikhathi samanje umuntu angabona izingubo zendabuko kubantu asebekhulile noma ngezikhathi zemikhosi, kanye nokwenza amadansa omculo nezingoma.

Imikhosi

• Usuku lweBashkiria luxhunywe nokwamukelwa kweSimemezelo soMbuso woMbuso waseRiphabhliki. Kugujwa ngo-11 Okthoba.
• Usuku Lomthethosisekelo - Disemba 24.
• I-Uraza-Bayram - ibhalwe ngokuhambisana nekhalenda yenyanga. Umkhosi wokuhlonipha ukuphela kokuzila ukudla ngenyanga kaRamadan.
• I-Kurban-Bayram - njengeholidi langaphambilini eBashkiria, liqokwa ngokuvumelana nekhalenda yenyanga. Leli liholide lamaSulumane, ligujwa ngenkumbulo yomhlatshelo womprofethi Ibrahim.
• Sabantuy. Isikhathi somkhosi sisungulwa yisimiso sikahulumeni. Kuqhutshwa ukuhlonishwa kokuphela komsebenzi wensimu yasentwasahlobo.
• Salauat yyyyny ingenye iholide eBashkiria, umkhosi wama-republican festival ohlonishwa uSalavat Yulayev.

Izindawo ezifanele ukuvakashelwa

Ukuhamba e-Ufa? Vakashela isikhumbuzo sezakhiwo zaseBashkir - i-mausoleum ye-Hussein-Bek ne-Kazhene (ehunyushwe ngokuthi "indlu yokubola"). Itholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka enhloko-dolobha, isikhathi sokumiswa kwawo yikhulu le-11 nele-13, ngokulandelana.

Esikhathini sokulondolozwa kwe-Shulgan-Tash, ungadluli nge-Kapova Cave (ibhange elifanele laseBelaya). Njengoba sinezitezi ezintathu ngobude obude bamakhilomitha angu-1.8, kuyisikhumbuzo esibalulekile sokuvubukula. Endaweni yepaki kazwelonke "iBashkiria" kukhona ibhuloho lemvelo le-Cooper. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule umfula wawela emgwaqweni ongaphansi komhlaba, wakha umhume omkhulu owawa ngenkathi futhi wadala umsebenzi wobuciko - ingxenye yawo iyaqhubeka ilenga umfula njengebhuloho.

E-Birsk ungathola konke mayelana nobuciko bendabuko bezizwe zendabuko zaseBashkortostan. Nansi umkhiqizo wemikhiqizo yobuciko, oveza izethulo ezivela emgodini we-capo (okuyizimpande ezimpandeni kanye namagquma we-birch) nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eyenziwe ngobumba.

I-republic ingaziqhayisa ngezikhumbuzo eziningi zamasiko, kanye nezindawo ezingekho - zihle kakhulu. Izivakashi zaseBashkiria zifana nokuvakashela i-Ufa Plateau (eceleni koMfula u-Ufa). Umbono omuhle: umfula okusheshayo owakhiwe ngamahlathi aluhlaza, emaphandleni nemifula, ukushaya iziphethu - kusukela kulokhu konke okuvelele!

Isimo seBashkiria sihlaba umxhwele ngobuhle bayo obuhlukile futhi obungenakuqondakala. Ngamazwi akunakwenzeka ukuchaza zonke izindawo zayo ezinhle, kodwa zingabonakala ziphila. Lapho uhlela uhambo, qiniseka ukucabanga ngeBashkortostan - izwe elihle elinomcebo ocebile.