Abadlali best in the world: geniuses ezintathu ezinkulu

Ngo emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule umlando chess game wanika emhlabeni lenqwaba amagama omkhulu. Kodwa phakathi kwabo, usengakwazi ukugqamisa labo kungenziwa ngokuthi geniuses amakhulu. Zonke abadlali enkulu - ezintathu. Lena Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, Pol Morfi.

Garry Kasparov: Biography futhi kuqala impumelelo

Garry Kasparov - wayeyisazi esikhulu kunazo zonke-chess. Njengoba nantathu iqhawe emhlabeni, washiya umsebenzi wakhe e-prime yayo. Kodwa kuze kube manje, abadlali best emhlabeni ukulingisa irhuluphelo umdlalo wakhe.

Kasparov wazalwa ngo ngomndeni ifundiswe Baku ngo-1963. Abazali bakhe, bobabili ubaba nomama kukhona onjiniyela. Akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi iyiphi yobudala okokuqala waba nesithakazelo chess, Harry. Qinisekile icala elilodwa kuphela - lapho umfana eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, wasikisela ukuba bakhe isixazululo uyise etude, esanyatheliswa ephephandabeni. Ebonisa ikhono ingane yabo, abazali banquma ukuba umthume ingxenye chess.

Ithola isihloko

Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala cwaningo, Harry unqobile esiseqophelweni e-chess. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Harry uthunyelwa njengelungu leqembu Azerbaijani ekhatsi Vilnius. Kukhona Ngokuzayo iyona engcono chess umdlali emhlabeni bajwayelane Umqeqeshi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, umeluleki futhi umngane Aleksandrom Nikitinym. On iseluleko Nikitin, Kasparov iqala izifundo zakhe esikoleni ngeposi chess Botvinnik futhi ngokushesha kakhulu waba umsizi chess inzalamizi.

Ngo-1974, ngenxa yemizamo kanina, Harry uthola igama elisha (igama lakhe lokuzalwa kwaba Weinstein), ngisho ubuzwe. Ngo-1975, Kasparov ungumholi eSoviet Chess Championship phakathi Juniors. Ngo-1980, lapho kuqala wathola isihloko Grandmaster. Ngo-1984, uqala le ngxabano omkhulu phakathi ezimbili imidondoshiya of Chess - Garry Kasparov futhi Anatoly Karpov. Le mpi for ubuqhawe yaphela ngo-1985, ukunikeza isihloko Kasparov chess 13 iqhawe.

Pol Morfi: Eminyakeni yokuqala

Usezingeni abadlali best emhlabeni futhi njalo nje iqhawe sesine - Paul Morphy. Wazalwa ngo -New Orleans, emndenini sasivumela ocebile. Kusukela esemncane inkumbulo yakhe wamangaza abantu abaningi abadala. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaya abameli endlini bamangala ukuthi uPawulu abasha uyazi ngekhanda zonke imithetho State of Louisiana ikhodi civil. Umalume wakhe kwaba omunye chess abadlali enkulu yedolobha. Ingane akekho wafundisa imithetho yalo mdlalo - ke Iyakwazi art eyabo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-10, Pol Morfi kwaba ngenye yezinkampani ezingcono kakhulu e-New Orleans.

Ukuthola isihloko iqhawe

Qala chess umsebenzi kaPawulu Morphy sabekwa phezu international chess mqhudelwano eLondon. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-20, nakabekwa kuba okungcono chess umdlali eMelika, zishaya zonke izitha zakhe. Ekhulwini imidlalo walahlekelwa 5 kuphela - futhi lezo wanqoba babe abadlali best emhlabeni. Kuwo wonke umlando chess Grandmaster kwakungelona yokuthi sasiyofana isitayela play Morphy. Wayelethwa zihlukaniswa isivinini, zesimanjemanje kanye nolaka.

Isidlali eyindida kunazo zonke emlandweni Bobby Fischer

Eleventh Umhlaba Chess Champion kuyinto American Bobby Fischer. Wazalwa ngo-Chicago ngo-1943. UMama chess esizayo wayengumJuda owayehlala eSwitzerland. Ubaba - sesayensi German owathuthela ezazivela eSoviet Union eChile.

Bobby Fischer, ngaphezu ubuqhawe bakhe, eyaziwa kanye nezitatimende engavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho esemncane, ethi esikoleni - endaweni nakanjani yize futhi abesifazane akufanele sisebenze khona ngenxa abangelwe ubuwula bakhe. Ngokuvamile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Fisher nabanye abadlali aphambili emhlabeni asohlwini efanayo, lesi ubuhlakani lubalwa njengonyaka omunye bayahlonishwa kakhulu futhi odelelekile kakhulu.

ikhono UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki, ebonakaliswa ebuntwaneni

Fischer kudlalwa chess njengoba kwakunguye eziyisithupha. Umntwana ngakho wathwalwa yizingelosi umdlalo we-chess, wayeka ukuxoxa nezingane ubudala bakhe, bethi phakathi kwabo akawutholi uzakwethu Iyafaneleka umdlalo. Umama ekuqaleni, nganquma ukuvele ngiye kudokotela wezifo zengqondo, kodwa waqinisekisa owesifazane, ethi chess wokuzilibazisa ezinhle futhi lutho yingozi ekuziphatheni kwengane cha. Umama waqala ukufuna umlingani intandane umdlalo ngokusebenzisa izikhangiso zamaphephandaba, kodwa omunye uye wahluleka ukuthola. Kamuva, Bobby Fischer chess ngokuthi "ukushintsha ukuzazisa."

I Duel edume kakhulu

Ngo-1972 yena wasingatha Fischer mqhudelwano kunazo owaziwa - nge Soviet chess umdlali Borisom Spasskim. Umncintiswano owaqhutshelwa e Reykjavik. Kube Fisher kukora 21 onqobayo bese ubuqhawe. Nokho, kamuva Fischer, ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, ungafuni ancintisane Anatoliem Karpovym, bese iminyaka engamashumi amabili wahola yokuphila reclusive.

isifiso Strange Bobbi Fishera

Uye ngokuphindaphindiwe kukhulunywa kabi emazweni ehlukene: kuthiwani Russia, mayelana Iceland, i-United States of. Fischer kwaba nokuwumisa obuhle nalabo abamele ezihlukahlukene amaqembu ayebandlululwa - ezifana abashumayeli amahlelo ehlukene, kanye mafia. Fischer futhi wazama ukuhamba inzalo, okuyinto kwakuyodingeka izakhi zofuzo ezifanayo naye - ukuba ngofuzo isipho sakhe.

Abadlali best in the world. Abangawaphathisa ulahlekelwe?

savela Ngakho isiphetho omunye komkhulu chess buchopho. Nokho, lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele. 10 abadlali best emhlabeni namuhla - ke Carlsen Magnus, uVladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, Teymur Radzhabov nabanye. Ukuze abale amandla wabadlali chess zisebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Elo isistimu. Lwakhiwe yi-nososayensi waseMelika Aripadi Elo. Kuze 1989, umugqa wokuqala we isilinganiso wathatha Bobby Fischer ngemva - Garry Kasparov.

Kuthiwani ukulwa ne-computer?

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngisho engcono chess abadlali emlandweni manje badlala computer. Eyokuqala umdlalo yenzeka ngo-1996 lapho Garry Kasparov walahlekelwa supercomputer Deep Blue, okungase hlola izikhundla abangaba yizigidi ezingu-200 ngomzuzwana. Nokho, umdlalo wesibili, Kasparov wathatha ikhompyutha yokuziphindiselela. Futhi-ke, ngemva imidlalo emibili basondela, ezimbili ezilandelayo abangu iwine kubo.