Zokhuni eSiberia: izithombe, incazelo zezinto eziphilayo, ukutshala nokunakekela

isayensi Juniper laseSiberia aziwa egameni lesiLatini Juniperus sibirica. Nokho, kuze kube yilolu suku igama kuyinto ngempela impikiswano. Abanye bakhetha ukuthi kukhona kuphela zokhuni abavamile. ESiberia (izithombe inikeziwe kulesi sihloko) - kuba ezihlukahlukene ezifana bukhule eSiberia, kodwa umehluko awavunyelwe ngaphandle ezindawo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Igama zinhlobo "zokhuni laseSiberia" ngenxa izici of ekukhuleni kwayo. Kulesi isitshalo, njengabanye nezomjunipha, is bavela cypresses, kuthi umndeni ungumnikazi.

Incazelo zokhuni laseSiberia libukeka - kuyinto esiyize okuyinto esinabantu, lisakazeka ongaphakeme. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama ayivamile ufinyelela imitha, kaningi - akukho esingaphezu kwengxenye imitha. Sikhula ngokuyinhloko ezintabeni eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Engxenyeni European Russia laseSiberia zokhuni itholakala ezindaweni Arctic.

Juniper: abavamile futhi eSiberia

Nakuba abanye ososayensi bathi le eSiberia - kungcono empeleni zokhuni ezivamile, kukhona zesayensi yokusebenza komzimba ukubamba isikhundla ezahlukene. Bakholelwa ukuthi Russian Arctic, eSiberia Juniper (isithombe kanye nencazelo zalesi sihlahla uvumele ukukhuluma mayelana nokuba khona izici sici zenyathi) singena esikhundleni saleTitatimende zokhuni ezivamile, njengoba iqembu lesibili e-Arctic esikhathini zasendle ayenzeki.

Lokha nangabe ubujamo ingxenye YaseYurophu iRussia ngecala ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye ukutshalwa zokhuni laseSiberia kuyinkinga edinga ukunakekela, njengoba isidingo ukudala kwezimo ezifanele izitshalo ezindaweni sezintaba enyakatho wajabulela ezikhulayo phezu izindawo ezinkulu. Njengomthetho, it is baphawula phezu izindawo yene enamadwala ngesimo sendawo enezintaba. Zikhula ku placers nezindawo oluqinile ezingavamile, amahlozi ngezigodo zemisedari.

Obizwa Ngaleli ukubukeka

Zonke izinhlobo ze-zokhuni laseSiberia zifane nomunye ngokubukeka isithwathwa - AmaConifers, ukuphakama engadluli imitha. Amapheshana zifana izinaliti futhi sikhule abahamba ngabathathu, njengoba besho izazi zezinto eziphilayo, whorled. Kumila ekuqaleni embozwe ecwebezelayo uqweqwe ukukhanya brown. Lesi sitshalo blooms entwasahlobo, kodwa izithelo ezivuthiwe ungalinda kuphela ngonyaka ezimbili (noma ngaphezulu) ehlathini. Ayohlabelela eduze ekwindla.

Ngokwemithetho yempilo zokhuni laseSiberia kuchazwa ngokuthi isitshalo dioecious. Chaza besilisa isitshalo zesifazane kuyindlela elula ye uhlevane. Esimweni sokuqala, zingabantu sezihlahla ezincane, aphuzi nowesifazane ngezansi kufanele ishq opaque, futhi laba abathathu phezulu, kulekelelwa ovules.

Uma kokukhulelwa kwenzeka, ishq phezulu ukwandisa bese ungena, aguqule zibe ungqimba meaty. Njengoba kukhona shishkoyagody kumiswa. Ekuqaleni isithelo zokhuni laseSiberia has a kwe-tint oluhlaza, kodwa umbala siyahlukahluka nokuvuthwa kanye shishkoyagody liphenduka abamnyama, embozwe wax bluish. Sikwazi ukukhula ehlathini kuze iminyaka 600, futhi unika isivuno esikhulu ngezikhawu iminyaka 3-5.

Izici ngezigaba

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ezahlukene zokhuni libhaliwe ngo-1968 ngu-Eric Hulten ku izitshalo Alaska. Iphinde bahlola izitshalo likhula eduze ensimini ka-Alaska. Lapha ungathola izithombe zokhuni laseSiberia. Nokho, isazi sesayensi yayiqiniseka ukuthi e-Alaska, eKamchatka futhi Magadan eduze ezikhulayo eyodwa kuphela izinhlobo zezitshalo - Juniperus communis zenyathi yemifino.

Kodwa ngo-1960 iSoviet Union yanyatheliswa nezinye Umsebenzi wombhali sezitshalo A. Tolmachev. Ngokubona kwakhe, eMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, entshonalanga endaweni Alaska - indawo ezikhulayo zokhuni laseSiberia. Hulten leli gama ohlwini lahlotshaniswa nokuba igama elithi "zokhuni ezivamile."

Lapho futhi indlela yokutshala

On kula masimu zokhuni kwenzeka Ukuboshelwa. Ikakhulu, ngokuvamile akukho Chukotka noma Wrangel Island, kodwa eKamchatka futhi Magadan eduze isitshalo kungabonwa kwezinye izindawo. Ngokuvamile it yakha amahlozi ezinwabuzelayo nezihlahla, esehlanganise hhayi kuphela amadwala, kodwa embozwe amatshe nemithambeka, amahlathi lezihlahla. Juniper ezitholakala ezindaweni ngaphandle ihlathi - ibhande subalpine.

Amaphayona zalesi sitshalo Nginakile kancane kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1856, kwazeke ukuthi ku ezingavamile ohotku zokhuni futhi ikhula kuphela phakathi kwemithi lezihlahla, amajikijolo futhi akekho kusukela bendawo akasebenzisi. Ngo-1948, sibonile ukuthi eKamchatka Juniper futhi alisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, naphezu ngokuchichima ezihlabayo kule ndawo. Ngo-1862, A. Agents wabonisa ukuthi zokhuni amajikijolo kungenziwa kuphekwe a kvass emangalisayo, kodwa Kolyma bendawo ungayisebenzisi ekulungiseleleni iziphuzo noma ngenye indlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Baphawula ukuthi zokhuni kule ndawo uyakhula kakhulu.

Juniper: ingcebo yemvelo

ososayensi banamuhla bazi ngokuqinisekile: amajikijolo lokhu elimnandi, isihlahla enhle ocebile ewusizo ahlukahlukene izingxenye womuntu. Yingakho umbuzo wokutshala zokhuni laseSiberia nesithakazelo kuphela Botanic Gardens abasebenzi, kodwa futhi abantu abavamile abafuna nginazo zokuhlobisa engadini umthombo izithelo ezinhle.

I amajikijolo zokhuni aqukethe omningi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi nokuqukethwe kwalo nani lingaphezu ogxile izithelo. Kuleli isitshalo ipharamitha ifaniswe ne amagilebhisi. Nokho, ukuze kukhishwe ushukela Izigaxa, kanye kusuka nezinye izithelo, sihlakulelwe izingadi, akunakwenzeka, kodwa ungakwazi ukulungiselela iziphuzo kanye imikhiqizo confectionery - Molasses, marmalade. Yenza zokhuni ubhiya ngisho engcono (ngokuvumelana eziningi) vodka emhlabeni - i-gin ngesiNgisi. Nokho, zokunambitha nokuhogela zokhuni izithelo kancane eyinqaba, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo ukusetshenziswa kwabo izinjongo confectionery.

Sebenzisa practice

Sokungabaza ukuthi unakekelwe zokhuni laseSiberia kuwufanele? Ngemva kwalokho, zama ukupheka kanye isiphuzo ngaleso iresiphi elandelayo. Ngokuqinisekile nawe uzokujabulela ukuze kuzoba isisusa sikhule epulazini lakhe esihlahleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa:

• Ukuqoqa shishkoyagody, uxove kubo, ukulondoloza ubuqotho imbewu. Qaphela: imbewu ebabayo, ngokwehluleka kwabo kuzoholela Ukuwohloka ukunambitheka.
• Per amakhilogramu shishkoyagody - amalitha amathathu amanzi afudumele.
• Ingxube enyakaza imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu, bese ngawakhamela ijusi, asuse uginindela.
• Beka esitsheni amajikijolo fresh kanye noma kabili.
• isiraphu etholwe Ngakho yakhiwa ushukela cishe ingxenye yesine. Uma lapha unamathisele ubuchwepheshe ephakeme futhi shabalala ngokweqile uketshezi lokushisa inyuka, kuyilapho okuqukethwe ushukela ongafinyelela 60%.
• Lolu ketshezi uyabaselwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-70 degrees kusukela okugeza umusi.

Ushukela ekhiqizwa ngendlela ajwayelekile kithi imnandi ekhishwe beetroot, mayelana nengxenye. Syrup kufanelekile iziphuzo, inyama izitsha, bangakwazi ukudambisa itiye, ikhofi, lisetshenziswe kulungiselelwa wamaqebelengwane, jelly.

Futhi okwamanje?

Kusuka emlandweni eyaziwa izibonelo ukusetshenziswa zokhuni zasendle ukuba ukukhiqizwa kukashukela. Advantageously ucwaningo ezifana ukubeka amaJalimane, British kanye Dutch.

Ngo-1980 wakhipha umqulu ncwadi ebhalwe ngu Koshcheeva. Iphinde ethulwa eziningi zokupheka ezithakazelisayo usebenzisa izithelo zokhuni. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukulungiselela isiphuzo:

• Ukuthatha njengesisekelo isinkwa esivamile, kodwa amahora amahlanu kuze ngomumo ukuze ungeze umthamo izithelo ezihlabayo.
• Ukuze ilitha hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-20 shishkoyagody ngamunye.

Ungenza zokhuni ubhiya. Wacondza elandelayo: ezimbili amalitha uketshezi ezidingekayo 200 of amajikijolo, 25 g we imvubelo kanye amabili wezipuni of uju.

• amajikijolo Okokuqala abilisiwe for isigamu sehora, wabe esenikwa ithuba kuphole ketshezi by okukhipha isithelo yilo.
• Hlanganisa imvubelo, uju kanye umhluzi, kusukela kwesobunxele kuya lwalungabola.
• Amabhodlela yalesi siphuzo kwabiwa, lapho ukwanda nemvubelo.
• Khona-ke, lona yenza cishe ezinhlanu izinsuku endaweni epholile, lapho bangaveziwe ilanga imisebe.

Juniper and Medicine

Kungaba isimanga uma lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo ayitholakali ukusetshenziswa kwaso njengoba ikhambi Folk. Iqiniso lokuthi lalisetshenziswa imithi, ngokuvumelana hieroglyphs yaseGibithe lasendulo. Ezinsukwini ubudala ngakho eyenziwe resin, balms, ephulukisa amafutha.

Juniper lwesayensi njengoba imithi eRoma yasendulo, lapho esetshenziswa uDioscorides. E-Italy ngekhulu XVI emsebenzini wakhe wokwelapha, lesi sihlahla esetshenziswa Mattioli, ababethi ukuthi cishe bengcono kakhulu yasebukhosini, imithi isisu. Iziguli sifo, kutuswa ugeza nge zokhuni.

Izici kulinywe ekhaya

Ukutshala entwasahlobo zokhuni laseSiberia akuyona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. I plant ngempela linesizotha, uyasinda cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, kuhlanganise khona daka ku substrate enamadwala.

Kungaba itshalwe ku Peat izindawo. Nokho, kuzo zonke ngokukhuthazela kwalo izihlahlana sikhula kancane kancane. Kodwa umphumela kuwufanele - isitshalo enhle, zokuhlobisa, ayazise kakhulu, kusukela izinaliti linezincazelo ezimbili. Ngezenzo esetshenziselwa rock izingadi, amaqembu ekhula ongaphakeme.

Berry ukukha kubhekwa eziyinkinga, umsebenzi okhandlayo. Abalimi abaningi baye bahlakulela indlela elandelayo: izicubu ipulangwe isitshalo anikine amagatsha, okuyinto izimpukane nge amajikijolo ezivuthiwe. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe isidingo sabo ukuze ome. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa lolu Igumbi athutha umoya. Akubalulekile ukuze ome ukukhanya shishkoyagody.

Kuvuna emagatsheni ekwindla, uphayini izinaliti. Ungakwazi bavuna oluhlaza futhi entwasahlobo, elinde kwaqedwa isikhathi ukukhula esebenzayo.

zizalela zokhuni

zokhuni laseSiberia zingandiswa by imbewu. izinhlobo Ornamental nazo akhishwe cuttings. Ziqhume imbewu ezivuthiwe kuphela. Anqume ripeness kungaba khona bluish enamathela waxy. Imbewu emhlabathini afakwa kungekho lishonile kunesikhumba ngamasentimitha amathathu.

Ukunakekela zokhuni ngekujula jikelele akuyona. izitshalo Young ayikwazi ukugedlisa Ukuhlakula ukhula, njengoba kulula ukuqeda izimpande. Ebusika, ezindaweni zawo embozwe izinaliti. It okucasulayo izimvukuzane, okuyinto zokhuni izimpande - a real okwehla esiphundu.

isitshalo Adult amelana kwelanga, umonakalo lokukhanda. Bush uyalulama Akumangalisi ngokushesha.

zokutshala kahle

Juniper isitshalo Kunconywa entwasahlobo, kodwa kulesi simo - akuyona impoqo. Asikho isidingo ukulinda ukufudumala kwelanga, njengoba izihlahlana olumelana abandayo. Kodwa uma ukutshala izitshalo abasha ekwindla kungenzeka ukuthi ebusika akanayo isikhathi sijwayelane nqabela ehlathini.

Indlela elula ukutshala zokhuni, kwanda esitsheni. Lapho zitshala kusuka ezifana uhlelo izitshalo impande akusho ahlupheke, ngakho yokuvumelana endaweni entsha ithatha isikhathi esincane. Ngakho-ke, kusukela esitsheni ehlathini kungenziwa watshala spring nokuwa, ngaphandle kokwesaba umnkantsha ebusika.

Kunconywa ukukwenza endaweni libalele. Nokho, umthunzi ukukhanya zokhuni kuletha. ezingeni Khanyisa olubonisa indlela enhle iyona isitshalo. Ilanga Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo kuba fluffier, bukhule. kakhulu kakhulu umehluko obonakalayo lapho ekhula izinhlobo ukuthi abe izinaliti yemibala emibili.

Izincomo zokunakekelwa

zokhuni laseSiberia ikhula kahle kakhulu uma inhlabathi ane-alikhali. Ukutshala isihlahla, kungenziwa abeke phezu phansi emgodini slaked lime kanye dolomite ufulawa.

Kuyadingeka ukuba banake amanzi, njengoba amanzi amile obulala isitshalo cishe ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi ukuhlomisa ngokucophelela amanzi, uma isimo sezwe libhekene nenkinga yezinga oluphakeme komhlaba.

Ukufakelwa ezikhulayo ngaphandle ezihlabayo kwenziwe ebusika. Bemba bashone, beshiya empandeni a isinqamu enkulu ukujula eqhweni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukugcina izimpande njengoba yayinjalo.

Ukuze izitshalo ezisencane abazimisele imbobo Ubukhulu imitha kuqhubeke, ukujula - isigamu imitha. Nokho, kukhona i-isimo: emgodini kufanele kube izikhathi 3 ngaphezulu ubeka yakhe ezweni equlekile. Uma uhlelo empandeni zokhuni sezinsizwa sasisikhulu, bese umgodi ukwenza okwengeziwe.

Ukumba ehlathini, shiya wedwa entanyeni impande. Ngo emgodini yisithombo setha ngobumnene entanyeni hhayi embozwe umhlaba. Thela umhlabathi izimpande, kuyilapho entanyeni akuyona ezingeni eliphansi.

Juniper bazithela kuqala lapho watshala wedwa. Ngokuphelele cwilisa ibhola impande washelela ngaphansi komhlaba. Eduze emhlabathini semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla isiqu ukuvimbela umswakama lugcinwa isikhathi eside. Sebenzisa amagxolo softwood, Peat udoti, sawdust, shavings.