Yiziphi izinhlelo zikahulumeni? zezempilo zomphakathi, izinhlelo zemfundo kanye nezomnotho

Esikhathini Russian Federation isebenza kanzima ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni. Resource amakhono isinyathelo izivimbelo kanye nenqubomgomo esiyinhloko ukukhetha izinkinga ukufunda Uhlelo ngalunye. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuholela ophumayo iyahola izinkinga zamanje phezu zamasu. Minyaka yonke, ngesikhathi kumiswa federal isabelomali ezingeni evunywe eziningi izinhlelo ukuze zithole uxhaso lwe- isabelomali sikahulumeni.

Uhlelo State: definition kanye nencazelo

Uhlelo isimo Russian kuyindlela enkulu ukuqaliswa yangaphakathi lwenqubomgomo yomphakathi kokukhomba ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho imikhakha yokuphila futhi kufanele iqondiswe ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ezinkulu zesayensi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, obhekene ikhambi izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuyinto emkhakheni imisebenzi neziphathimandla federal, zezifunda kanye lendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lihlotshaniswa isikhathi, abadlali kanye nokuqoqwa usizo zezimboni, kwezomnotho, ukucwaninga kwesayensi, ezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nezinye eziningi imisebenzi okuhloswe ukuhlela nokuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa isimo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kanye nezindawo womsebenzi.

Izinhlelo zikaHulumeni eyenziwa futhi lisisebenzisa iziphathimandla esiphezulu noma abalawuli induna izimali mali, amandla okuyinto zihlanganisa aqinisekise ukuthi imigomo yomphakathi, kanye nezinye abaculi kanye ababambiqhaza kulolu hlelo.

isakhiwo uhlelo

Ngamunye kohlelo Russian Federation kuhlanganisa:

• izinhlelo federal uhulumeni kanye / noma onkhe;
• imisebenzi emikhulu kanye / noma target izinhlelo lomnyango;
• izinyathelo ezithile ezihlose ukusombulula ikakhulukazi uhlelo msebenzi.

Standard isakhiwo isofthiwe simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• ekwakhiweni inkinga kanye nobufakazi isidingo ukuxazulula izindlela uhlelo;
• imigomo, izinjongo, isikhathi kanye izigaba kokusebenza kohlelo;
• imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi Uhlelo: lobuchwepheshe, kwezomnotho, nenqubo, ucwaningo, njll.
• ubukhulu kanye imithombo kwezimali, imisebenzi isisetshenziswa nesondlo;
• ukuqaliswa indlela;
• inhlangano kanye inkambo ukugcwaliseka ukulawula ukuphathwa;
• ukucacisa ukusebenza kohlelo wanakekela nemiphumela nemiphumela;
• iphasiphothi.

Ngempela inquma imingcele okufanele zifinyelelwe uhlelo wadala aqukethe projection kwemiphumela agcwele ushintsho esimweni, isibonelo, imisebenzi yomphakathi, ikhwalithi kanye lizinga lekuphila, ukuphepha komphakathi, umnotho, ezempilo, kanye nabanye.

Izinhlelo zikaHulumeni zisekelwe egunyazelwe ukwenza isikhathi othize imisebenzi Uhulumeni; hlinzeka belinganisa umqondo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho Russian Federation; izinqumo uMongameli kanye uNdunankulu; imithetho kahulumeni.

Ukwahlukanisa izinhlelo zikahulumeni

izinhlelo zikahulumeni It kungenziwa labizwa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

• e isiqondiso futhi umthombo ukukhokhelwa kwemigwaqo imali (federal, yesifunda, kamasipala);
• nezinkinga ingaxazululwa ngokuthi ezingeni (inter-legatsha, igatsha, sendawo);
• ubunjalo izinkinga ukuba ixazululwe (ihlanganiswe, ucwaningo, izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, ezesayensi-lobuchwepheshe kanye nabanye.);
• ku imigomo yokuthengisa (esifushane, esilingene, esikhathini eside).

Amathrendi zakamuva yokuthi uhlelo nohulumeni hhayi kuphela ngasiphi ezingeni elilodwa yokuxazulula le nkinga, isibonelo, imithetho yombuso kanye lendawo, noma ngisho kwezinye izimo zendawo. Ngakho-ke, kanyekanye ekwenziweni ezingeni federal, uhlelo ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lesifunda ezimweni zasendaweni futhi nezindaba.

Izigaba yentuthuko izinhlelo isimo

Noma iyiphi ingxenye yalo uhlelo state ukutadisha ngokucophelela ingxenye yayo zokulawula. Kunoma isiphi isenzakalo, ukuphila kwansuku kusekelwa lomthetho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi injongo futhi okuqukethwe wuhlelo ingahlukumezi, ukungena okuphambene nemithetho eyisisekelo futhi izenzo zokulawula zomthetho wezwe noma kwephule amalungelo omunye nenkululeko.

Inqubo, okuqukethwe kanye nesimo sohlelo isimo asethwe ikhumbula nemithetho efanele kanye neziqondiso e yabo design azithathe ingxenye iziphathimandla zomthetho neyokuphatha, izinhlangano zezesayensi futhi umphakathi kanye nezinhlangano.

Ingamukeleki kuyinto ukufakwa isikhundla eyisisekelo kanye ukwakhiwa uhlelo okuqukethwe equkethe injongo zobugovu.

Izinhlelo zikaHulumeni ekuthuthukisweni yabo ibhekane izinyathelo eziningana ezihlobene:

1. Ulungise inkinga. Lokho uhlelo ayenelungelo lokuqhubeka khona, kufanele unikele Ukulungisiswa ukubaluleka kwayo futhi ukubona izinkinga lokuqukethwe kudingeka ingaxazululwa ngokuthi amasu izinhlelo;
2. Creative. Concept - iyingxenye ebalulekile yiluphi uhlelo, kubalulekile nokuba akuhlele futhi ithethelele ongakhetha ephumelela kunazo, izindlela noma izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga;
3. Ukulungiselela iziphakamiso. Kulesi sigaba, ukutadisha ngokucophelela iziphakamiso ezithile ukuze kulungiswe udaba, kuchazwa target iqembu futhi banikezwe ukuhlaziywa ezezimali nezomnotho;
4. Ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ngokukhishwa. Uhulumeni waseRussia noma eminye imigwamanda ogunyaziwe uyothatha isinqumo on kuqale inqubo ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo.
5. Ukudala phrojekthi. Umsebenzi uqala ngenyanga lokuthuthukisa inhlangano zohlelo okusalungiswa, zavela emigomweni, mlando nezikhathi zokukhokha, izinsiza kanye abadlali;
6. imisebenzi Development. Ngqo ungenisa ingxenye enkulu ye-hlelo, isicelo isabelomali lwesikhashana bese udala zesu lebhizinisi;
7. Examination. Ngokuphathelene uhlobo nohlobo Uhlelo sidlule luhlolo wenziwa :. ephathelene nezomnotho, ezomthetho, lobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye Uhlelo okusalungiswa esihlelwe ne zezinkonzo, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezinhlangano abathintekayo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo uhlelo athuthukile

Emuva kokuhlolwa, uhlele, uhlelo isimo iphrojekthi egcina imijikelezo eziningana ekuphileni:

• Isinqumo igunya lomphakathi. I-Russian uhulumeni, inkonzo noma ezinye esiqokiwe igunya elisemthethweni idokhumenti uzathatha isinqumo ekuqaleni kohlelo;
• Ukuqaphela. Aqokwa lababukene nekwetfulwa kwezigaba zohlelo, eyenziwa ukuqapha imisebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimali. Uma kudingeka, isinqumo ukulungiswa yayo;
• Ngo inqubo ukuqaliswa kwe-uxhaso hlelo senziwa kuphela ngokuhambisana nesicelo isabelomali.
• Ukuhlolwa imiphumela nokuphumelela kwaleso sembatho.

Ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni ukusiza

izinhlelo zosizo State sekuthandwa kakhulu. Ukuqapha izinkinga zezenhlalo wembula izinto eziza kuqala umsebenzi. Ngakho, iminyaka eminingana uhlelo "Wokukhuthaza umsebenzi" (kusukela 2012), okuyinto ihlose ukuhlinzeka izimo zezikhungo, kwezomthetho nakwezomnotho sokuthuthukiswa wezabasebenzi ngempumelelo. Imiphumela zohlelo kufanele kube ukwehlisa abantu imimoya endaweni umsebenzi, kulondolozwe amakhono futhi impilo yabasebenzi, ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abo zabasebenzi.

Ayikho ngaphansi esiphuthumayo uhlelo "ukwesekwa Social yezakhamuzi", eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo nezindlela lusito kutenhlalakahle izigaba ezahlukene abaswele, uzuza inhlalakahle, ukusebenza nezibopho isimo kwizinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle futhi ukusekela izakhamuzi.

Ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zemfundo

izinhlelo zokufundisa umphakathi ziyindlela ngokuba Inguquko kugatsha lolu. Omunye wabo - "Development wezeMfundo" - yakhelwe 2020 Ngenxa imisebenzi ehleliwe ihlelelwe ukuzuza ukuthuthukiswa yonke imikhakha yemfundo futhi kwenze kube kufinyeleleke nekhwalithi, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo wezilinganiso izinga. Inkinga sihlanganisa ukulawula izindlela nokwandisa ukwakheka, udala ukushintshanisa kwe-data inethiwekhi phakathi izikhungo zemfundo. Abasebenzi kufanele unikezwe ezidingekayo ulwazi, ukuqeqeshwa, amathuluzi methodological ngokusebenzisana abafundi - liphinde isenzakalo esiyinhloko, okubandakanya uhlelo uhulumeni. Imfundo - ithuba esizukulwaneni esisha kulandele ikusasa elihle.

Ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zezempilo

izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi zenzelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphuthuma kakhulu emkhakheni ukuvikelwa impilo izakhamuzi Russian '. Kusukela 2012 yaqaphela "Uhlelo isimo ukuthuthukiswa kwezempilo e-Russia." Ngokwe-developers, kuba indlela ehluke ngokuphelele ngcono ingqalasizinda, kudalwa profsredy olulodwa, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kanye neqophelo eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukuqeqeshwa. Ngaphezu noHlelo isiqinisekiso isimo sivunyiwe, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto Kuyinto ukudala izimo ukunakekela okuhle kwezokwelapha ukhululekile izakhamuzi. Njengengxenye imisebenzi evunywe uhlu izimo, amafomu kanye nezinhlobo ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, wazakhela uhlu izifo okuyiwona ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa inikezwa mahhala yamanani kwakhiwa. Wathi ngo-2014 kanye lohleliwe 2015-2016.

Nokuqaliswa izinhlelo emkhakheni umnotho

State izinhlelo zezomnotho, ikhumbula nokuntengantenga kwezezimali kanye nenhlekelele babé ejenti ezibalulekile lokuhoxa waseRussia ezimweni ezinzima.

Kusukela 2013 baba endaweni uhlelo "Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye umnotho ezintsha" okuhloswe ngaso kumthethonqubo isimo, ukuqaliswa eziza kuqala emkhakheni emphakathini ngamakhasimende kanye ezintsha intuthuko yomnotho. Okwamanje, sihlelwe ukudala izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula nekusebenta amafomu zomphakathi zokuphatha, ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ezengeziwe ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Olunye uhlelo - "Development yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle" in the 2013-2018 biennium. - kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa isikhundla Russian ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe, ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokubandula izinkomba imvelo yangaphandle.

Ezinye izinhlobo yezinhlelo zikahulumeni

Loluhlelo lwetakhiwo nekutfutfukisa State unamagama ngu-40. Ngamunye nezidingo langempela ezingeni Macro kanye micro-kwezomnotho yentuthuko isimo ngokushesha, okuhloswe ngalo ekuxazululeni izinkinga esiphuthumayo emikhakheni emincane kwezomnotho nasemphakathini Russian :. Lemvelo, ukuphathwa izilwane zasendle, ezempi, komthetho, i-Internet, ezamahlathi, njll Ngokwesibonelo, ngo kohlaka uhlelo " ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo nomthethonqubo kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye ukudla 2013-2020 "ekusebenziseni izinyathelo ukufeza ukudla uzibuse isimo, ngenhla UW ukuncintisana imikhiqizo kazwelonke kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuzinza kwezezimali. Uhlelo "Ukuveza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yendalo" kuhloswe inhlangano ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo izinsiza zemvelo zezwe, ezidayisa izimboni amaminerali ekufuneni ulwazi ukuphi we ezifakwa ocebile amaminerali.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza Uhlelo ukusebenza

Ukuqaliswa kohlelo isimo akusona ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa kanye ekwakhiweni emathulusi ekuhlola ukunquma ekulenzeni libe namandla. Amapharamitha akhiwa uhlelo isimo kumele iboniswe ku Isibikezelo ukuthuthuka komnotho kanye nomphakathi yezwe Esikhathini esimaphakathi. eyinkimbinkimbi yawo asikisela ukuthi federal ukuthuthukiswa isabelomali esiteji uma izimo ezifanele abhekwa izingxenye ukusebenza kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo izinhlelo isabelomali.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kohlelo isimo:

• ukuzwakala umgomo oyinhloko ye-hlelo sub-Okuqondiwe;
• khona isakhiwo okunengqondo;
• yemfanelo ngokuba ukuqaliswa izinyathelo kuhlelwe uhlelo isimo enkonzweni ngamunye iqhaza ekuqaliseni ukusebenza;
• ukudalwa uhlelo nikhuthaze ukusebenza izuzwe.

ukusebenza Software nenqubo

Lezi zindlela esiyinhloko ukuphumelela inqubo ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo isabelomali yilezi:

1. Engabizi: ekufezeni aphansi izindleko kungenzeka zonke izinhlobo wasebenzisa uhlelo imithombo.
2. Ukusebenza: ukusungulwa isilinganiso umsebenzi owawenziwa ngayo ukubaluleka izimali okunikezwa ke.
3. Ngempumelelo: ukugcwala imigomo ukusebenza, ukufanisa usayizi izindleko umphakathi ngemiphumela aba maningi uma kuthengwa bona.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphezu nenqubo jikelele uhlobo eqondile uhlelo (social, ezempilo, umnotho, ezemvelo, kanye nabanye.), Developed izinkomba ezithile ezihlangabezana umgomo esibekiwe. Uma imiphumela ukuhlolwa ukusebenza imiphumela emihle kuye kwakhishwa, uhlelo kungase enwetshiwe isikhathi esithile, kodwa kuphela ngemuva kokwenza izinguquko ezifanele.