Yiziphi amaprotheni? Ukunqunywa Ukwakheka, isakhiwo

Amaphrotheni kukhona izinto Lokudabuka organic. Amaprotheni - sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ngoba izidalwa eziphilayo. polymers Nonperiodic zihlanganisa amaprotheni lapho zehluke nezinye polymers.

I amaprotheni lokuqala eyedwa ngesimo gluten e 1728 Italian Jacopo Bartolomeo Beccari, ohlala e-eminyakeni 1682-1766, abenziwe ufulawa kakolweni. gluten Bahlanza kuyinto zingaxazululeki eziyinkimbinkimbi emanzini glutens, lapho kukhona amaprotheni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala isifundo amaprotheni.

Isakhiwo engqamuzaneni amaprotheni

molecule awo zakhiwa monomers efanayo kodwa ahlukene - 20 amino acid. Ngamunye wabo unegama ayo, isakhiwo kanye izakhiwo. Mpilo zakhiwa ethize olukhulu yayo futhi sivame kuwo wonke ingxenye, okubandakanya iqembu acid nge izakhiwo ane-alikhali futhi iqembu carboxyl nge izakhiwo ene-asidi. Ukuba khona kwelinye molecule kwala maqembu amabili inquma degree kwabo eliphezulu reactivity.

La maqembu axhunyiwe ephezulu nitrogen-oqukethe izidakamizwa organic, obumba polymers inoveli, lapho kukhona amaprotheni. Le nqubo kanje: iqembu acid elilodwa acid acid kanye carboxyl kumiswa elinye molecule amanzi is, futhi ama-electron, khulula eziboshwe Ukuba nobuhlobo peptide. Ngakho akhiwa polypeptides. Noma yini engenza ukuba umzimba womuntu ngosizo amaseli - isenzo amaprotheni.

amaprotheni biosynthesis

Amaphrotheni biosynthesis - udaba eyinhloko Biochemistry. Sokuqonda ke ine theory ne practical okuyingxenye ebalulekile. Ukuze amaprotheni biosynthesis zihlanganisa izinkinga ezibucayi ezifana ufuzo, ukushintshashintsha, lithathelwe, ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha eziphilayo, ukutadisha imisebenzi ebalulekile yezindlela ukulawula izinto eziphilayo.

Biosynthesis e ekhemisi

Ulwazi amaprotheni izinqubo biosynthetic kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni, ikakhulukazi - I-ekhemisi, inikeza incazelo ukuvela nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo, uyayixazulula inkinga ka nokwelashwa. Isetshenziselwa zamagama izidakamizwa zemithi, kuhlanganise antimetabolites. Le mithi zisetshenziselwa ukunqanda amaprotheni izinqubo biosynthetic in Oncology: antimutagens ekuvikeleni DNA ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo; radioprotectors ukuthi ukuvikela nucleic acid kusukela izinguquko ngemisebe.

Amaphrotheni biosynthesis okusizayo ekuchazeni izimiso yomthelela we izidakamizwa, ezifana nemithi, inhibitory ngezigaba ezahlukene amaprotheni biosynthesis e nezilwanyana ezincane nama-virus.

Lokho libhekisela amaprotheni?

Amaphrotheni, noma amaprotheni kungaba isilwane noma imvelaphi zemifino. Yini indlela amaprotheni libhekisela? Umthombo omkhulu wamaprotheni - izitshalo eziluhlaza, soy imikhiqizo, okusanhlamvu namantongomane nobhontshisi. Lapho isilwane ibusa ukudla isitshalo ke emzimbeni wakhe iphenduka ibe isilwane amaprotheni zemifino. Ngakho-ke, amaprotheni isilwane ezitholakala inyama, ubisi, amaqanda aluhlaza. Umuntu kufanele ukukhetha ukusebenzisa lwesitshalo noma lwesilwane ukudla okunothe amaprotheni.

Assimilability amaprotheni ahlukahlukene

Yiqiniso, namaprotheni iqembu elifanayo kuhluke nezici zabo. Ngokusho kweminye amaprotheni umkhiqizo ezihlobene, it has a digestibility ezahlukene. Abanye kugaywe ngokushesha futhi kusheshiswe umzimba, kuyilapho abanye bengase nje udakiwe umzimba. Cabanga ngalokho izinto ngamaphrotheni.

Umholi phakathi amaprotheni ukuthi ngokushesha amuncwa umzimba, kuyinto iqanda. Kuyadingeka ukuba adle emva Amazing, ngoba iqanda akabashiyi ngemuva ungqimba lwamafutha, ezifana nezinye amaprotheni okuvela ezilwaneni.

Fish - awumthombo omuhle kakhulu we-protein, kulula ukuba sikwazi ukugaya akakubangeli ukusinda esiswini. Ngokuphathelene inyama yezilwane, kuba umholi undoubted kunombolo amaprotheni 100 grams ngasinye futhi uma udle 250 amagremu of inyama, umzimba wethu uthola imali yangosuku amaprotheni. Kodwa inyama yenkukhu eziningana renounces nokuqukethwe kwalo amaprotheni, kodwa iphilile kalula digestible.

Ngokuphathelene namaprotheni atholakala emifinweni, umholi yilona inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya, lapho ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi cishe kuyafana nalokho neqanda. Kufanele ukungezwa ukudla kwabo imbewu nati, iphesenti amaprotheni esikwaziyo amagugu izinkukhu, kodwa ngenxa okuqukethwe kwabo ikhalori high ziphele kancane.

Ukusetshenziswa amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha ekudleni

Uma uya umsoco ngombono isayensi, umuntu akudingi ukudla ethize futhi izakhi zabo ukukhula futhi ukuphila umzimba. Lokhu amaqembu amathathu izinto: amaphrotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate. Bonke kufanele khona nemali ethile nsuku zonke, kungenjalo kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle emzimbeni, futhi impilo yakhe ayiyinhle. Futhi, kukhona ezinye ukuhlanganisa emkhatsini lezi izinto, okuyinto kufanele kuhambisane.

Izazi zokudla zitusa ukwakha ekudleni kwakho, unikezwa mithetho elandelayo: 15% amaprotheni, 20% fat and 65% carbohydrate. Yiqiniso, lokhu Ingxenye isilinganiso: incike umzimba ethize, ukukhula imingcele, isisindo nobudala yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele subjective izibalo kunqunywa ireferensi isazi noma umqeqeshi.

amaprotheni ukusebenza

compounds High-yamangqamuzana begazi, yiziphi amaprotheni zehlukaniswe kuthiwa zibe ama-amino acid, okuyinto ukungena igazi bazogcwalisa umzimba, futhi uzisebenzisela akhe amaprotheni yabo. Lokho umzimba eseke imisipha ukubukeka iqine futhi enhle, kubalulekile ukuba ubuyise amaprotheni yokudla. Sengikhathele nabo inhlanzi nenyama, amaqanda noshizi, imidumba kanye nemikhiqizo ye-soy. Ukubala Ukudla kufanele esekelwe ukubaluleka nsuku zonke zonke izithako, kanye imigomo.

Labo abafuna ekhiphela up imisipha, kubalulekile ukwandisa edonsa amaphrotheni, ukuncipha kufanele kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa ephezulu carbohydrate okunamafutha ukudla. Amaphrotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate luwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla namandla. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu ukudla okunempilo futhi ekugcineni isisindo esinempilo, udinga ukuthatha ne amaprotheni ukudla, amafutha kanye carbohydrate e ingxenye efanayo: 90-110 / 90-100 / 250-300 g Ezinganeni labo izinombolo kancane ezincane.

imikhiqizo Amaphrotheni futhi bakhonze nsuku zonke:

• inkukhu, turkey, ham mafutha - 75 g;
• yengulube, iwundlu, yenkomo - 45 g;
• okunamafutha izinhlanzi - 30 g; inhlanzi mafutha, kwasolwandle - 60 g;
• ubhontshisi, udali - 2 tbsp. l.
• ubhekeni - 1 nocezu mafutha;
• inhlanzi izinti - 2 PC.
• kungancishiswa amafutha hummus - 1 tbsp. l.
• Iqanda - 1 pc.
• nati - '15

Imisipha Akhiwa kusuka amaprotheni, futhi ukudla womuntu kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi ayigcine, ngoba umthombo wamandla. Inhlanzi nezinkukhu kwamaprotheni kugaywe engcono. Ukudla ezifana nobhontshisi, okusanhlamvu lonke, futhi kabhontshisi aqukethe amaprotheni, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elincane amafutha, kungukuthi emuva ushizi nemikhiqizo yobisi.

Ethakazelisayo amaprotheni

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-kwezigidigidi ezingu-4 edlule kule mbulunga enguMhlaba kusukela molecule encane wezinto ezingaphili ngaphandle kwesizathu uvele amaprotheni, okuyinto eyaba umsuka wokuphila. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezikhona ngenxa amaprotheni molecule esiyingqayizivele, nezinye izinhlobo zokuphila endaweni yonke Basebaningi abangamazi ososayensi.

1. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphila kwenziwa amaprotheni. Akulesi azungeze 50% we ketshezi ezomile yanoma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo. Amagciwane aqukethe amaprotheni kusuka 45 kuya 95%.
2. Cishe 30% of amaprotheni womuntu kuziwa imisipha, u-20% - emathanjeni futhi imisipha, futhi cishe 10% - esikhumbeni.
3. Kukhona 1012 amaprotheni ahlukene, eziphilayo anikeza ukuphila kuwo wonke amazinga yinkimbinkimbi, kusukela amagciwane ukuze abantu.
4. Brain - futhi amaprotheni. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngenxa inqubo amaprotheni denaturation lapho udle Ethanol, amangqamuzana obuchopho afe.
5. amaprotheni Igama layo edingekayo ukuze amaqanda amaprotheni, kukude abantu basendulo wayesebenzise njengoba isakhi ukudla.
6. Iqhaza amaprotheni emzimbeni onhlobonhlobo, bangakwazi ukwenza njenge-enzyme. Pepsin --enzyme ahlahlele amaprotheni ku-amino acid emzimbeni.
7. Amaphrotheni nethonya zokuzivikela. Interferon - iprotheni silondoloza umzimba womuntu ngokumelene ahlaselayo amagciwane.
8. Amaphrotheni Ungadlala indima yama-hormone, uyisibonelo insulin hormone. Isisiza ukungena glucose iseli.
9. Amaphrotheni actualize izinkinga amandla ukuze umzimba.
10. Izinwele siqukethe amaprotheni okumsulwa.

isakhiwo amaprotheni

Kukhona 4 yenhlangano kwezendawo amaprotheni molecule:

• eyinhloko - adalwe peptide izibopho, inquma sezindawo yezinhlayiya amaprotheni;
• secondary, kokuba ukuma entwasahlobo welulela, eyakhiwe peptide ne-hydrogen izibopho (umsipha, izinzipho, nezinwele, spider webs);
• ephakeme ezimise-isitsha, zakhiwe peptide, i-hydrogen ne-disulfide izibopho (enzyme, amasosha omzimba, ama-hormone);
• Quaternary - sakhiwa-alpha namaketanga beta (i-hemoglobin).

isimiso sezakhi zofuzo sabelwe amaprotheni ngalinye, okuyinto igcine ulwazi ngalokho yakha kufanele kuthathe, kodwa izakhi, kuhlanganise akakwazi landulele ikhodi eyinhloko oyiyo ngekwendzawo. Ukuze usebenze amaprotheni, kubalulekile ukuba ukoma up ngendlela ethile.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla aqukethe amaprotheni, lokho futhi kufanele udle malini. Kungani? Futhi ngenxa yokuthi amaprotheni, evutha emzimbeni, it uyasondla amandla amaningi. Kwakungemva kakhulu wamaprotheni amaningi ukudla, sizizwa kuqubule amandla, okungukuthi amaprotheni yakha ngamunye nemisipha yethu futhi kwakha umzimba enhle futhi unempilo. Ayikho ebaluleke kancane yokuthi lowo amaprotheni kusiza ukunciphisa umzimba noma balondoloze isisindo emva kwesisindo.

Imikhiqizo ehlobene amaprotheni

Akukho ukudla wonder amaprotheni waqaphela njengoba ukuyedlula phakathi izazi zokudla, ngoba umzimba okuchitha ukucutshungulwa ukudla amaprotheni amandla amaningi, cishe 5-10% of kilojoule wathola.

Uhlu imikhiqizo kakhulu amaprotheni.

1. Ngo amaqanda equkethe 17% kalula amaprotheni digestible. Izazi zokudla ukweluleka ukuthatha amaqanda ukudla ngemva kokuzivivinya, kodwa akukho amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-2 ngosuku resumption kwemisipha izicubu. Kulokhu, iqanda - kuba umkhiqizo nge ikhalori ongaphakeme.
2. Okuphansi amafutha cottage shizi sicuketse 25% amaprotheni, kuba kalula digestible.
3. ushizi Hard imayelana 30% amaprotheni, kodwa kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi wayengumuntu kakhulu okunama-kilojoule amaningi futhi khuluphele kunaye, kancane liqukethe amaprotheni.
4. Izinkukhu inyama - angumtfombo ukudla abakudlayo, njengoba okuqukethwe kwama-kilojoule amancane yayo futhi kugaywe kahle. Izinkukhu inyama iqukethe kusuka 15 kuya 20% amaprotheni.
5. Inyama yenkomo iwumkhiqizo okunama-kilojoule amancane, futhi esivulekile amaprotheni. elilodwa nje bakhonze yenkomo mafutha iqukethe mayelana 22 amagremu amathathu amaprotheni.
6. Isibindi siqukethe 25% amaprotheni. I abilisiwe iyisitshulu usizo kakhulu, ngoba ligcwele nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile.
7. Ezinye izinhlobo aqukethe inhlanzi amaprotheni ku-25%, njenge-tuna, salmon, mackerel. Le nhlanzi ingasetshenziswa ukudla ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi ube ngcono.
8. I acebe kakhulu umkhiqizo amaprotheni zalesi sihlahla ubhekwa soy, iqukethe 14% amaprotheni kuwo, kusukela kubaholi yemifino - Brussels amahlumela (9%).
9. Okusanhlamvu zimumethe okungenani ngo-10% amaprotheni, okuyinto excellently amuncwa wumzimba.

Kuyinto imikhiqizo main ezihlobene amaprotheni. Uhlu othulwe lapha ikude ephelele, kodwa uyakucabangela izidingo eziyisisekelo amaprotheni zomzimba.

isiphetho

Umzimba womuntu udinga amandla njalo. Ngisho ngesikhathi sokulala umzimba siyahamba: esiwuphefumulayo, inhliziyo usebenza, amangqamuzana omzimba ishintsha, engapheli chemical izinqubo zenzeka. Lokhu kudinga amandla: sithola ngokudla kanye eziswini ukudla. Ukudla iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphila eziyinkimbinkimbi izinqubo. Ingabe ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amafutha, amanzi, usawoti, fibre, amaminerali namavithamini. Phakathi ukugaya umzimba ethatha izakhi ezidingekayo, futhi kuqeda izakhi ezingadingekile.