Indlela yokufakela ikhebula lenethiwekhi ngendlela efanele

Uma kungazelelwe kwakukhona umbuzo mayelana nenhlangano yenethiwekhi yasemakhaya noma nje ukuxhuma ikhompuyutha ku-router, modem noma enye idivayisi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukubiza inkosi, ungathukutheli. Ezitolo zekhompiyutha ungathenga ngokukhululekile izintambo ezenziwe ngomumo (ama-patch cords) ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana ezivele zixhunyiwe. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi akukho esitolo esiseduze, noma uma udinga ukubeka ikhebula ezindaweni lapho izixhumi zingadluli khona, kuzodingeka uzikhiphe ikhebula.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-electronics, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwekhebula, izixhumi, amathuluzi ngendlela yamakhansela okukhipha isifungo, umhloli wokuhlola, isikebhe esibukhali kanye nommese. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa, ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yini ehlosiwe, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, indlela yokufakela ikhebula lenethiwekhi ngezandla zakho.

Ikhebula

Ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile zendawo, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa umqhubi obizwa ngokuthi "i-pair pair". Ubizwa ngegama lakhe kudivayisi yangaphakathi ehlanganisa izingqimba ezimbili, ezine noma eziyisishiyagalombili zethusi noma iziluminium aluminium ezihlangene ngezibili futhi zifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-polyvinylchloride insulation. Igobolondo le-wiring ngayinye lenziwe ngemibala ehlukene yokuxhuma okulula. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezintambo ezinjalo : zivikelekile ngendwangu engezansi ye-foil (FTP) futhi engasusiwe (UTP).

Ukusebenzisa isethaphu senethiwekhi yasekhaya I-FTP-conductor ayinalutho, ngoba isikrini senzelwe ukuvikela ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kagesi, kanye nobude bekhebula elisebenzayo elingaphezu kwamamitha angaphezu kwangu-100. Ngakho-ke, ukuhluka okuphansi futhi okujwayelekile ngokwendlela yekhebula le-UTP, okudayiswa kunoma iyiphi isitolo sezinto zokusebenzisa ikhompyutha noma emakethe, kuyafaneleka ngempela. Noma yikuphi "umbhangqwana ophikisiwe" uhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana kuye ngokuthi inani lezimvini, umkhawulokudonsa nokuya. Ikhebula likhonjiswe ngenhlanganisela yamagama nezinombolo: kusuka ku-CAT-1 kuya ku-CAT-7. Umqhubi ovame kakhulu wokusebenzisa imishini yendawo yi-CAT-5 noma i-CAT5e yayo yokuguqulwa. Iqukethe ama-pair of cores ezinemibala eminingi futhi inikeza ukudluliswa kwedatha kuze kube yi-100 Mbps kumvamisa we-100 MHz.

Izixhumanisi

Yonke imishini yamakhompyutha yanamuhla, ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, ukuze uxhumano lwenethiwekhi lunamaphutha ajwayelekile ajwayelekile wepulagi ebhalwe nge-8P8C. Ngezinye izikhathi uxhumano olunjalo lubizwa ngokuthi i-RJ-45 ngesizathu esithile. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abizwa kanjani, banenjongo eyodwa - ukuxhuma "idijithi elisontekile" nganoma iyiphi idivayisi. Lezi plugs, kanye nekhebula, ingavikelwa noma cha. Isixhumi siyinhloko yepulasitiki enezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili ezithintekayo kuyo ukubeka imifino yomqhubi. Ekupheleni kwalezi zinhlayiya kukhona oxhumana nabo abahambayo, abamba izintambo. Uma ufaka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubala izintaba. Uma isixhumi sitholakala oxhumana nabo bebhekene phezulu futhi sinekhwayi, ngakwesokunxele kuyoba ngowokuqala, futhi ngakwesokudla - othintana nesishiyagalombili.

Isiphequluli sekhefu yenethiwekhi yekhebula

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zendawo yemivimbo ye "pair pair" ehlanganisweni:

• I-EIA / TIA-568A.
• I-EIA / TIA-568B.

Okokuqala inikeza ukulandelana okunjalo (kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla):

1. I-White-green.
2. Okuhlaza.
3. I-white-orange.
4. Blue.
5. I-white-blue.
6. I-Orange.
7. Umhlophe omhlophe.
8. Brown.

Esikhathini sesibili, izintambo zihlelwe kanje:

1. I-white-orange.
2. I-Orange.
3. I-White-green.
4. Blue.
5. I-white-blue.
6. Okuhlaza.
7. Umhlophe omhlophe.
8. Brown.

Izinhlobo zokuxhumana

Inguqulo ye-EIA / TIA-568A isetshenziselwa ukuchoboza ikhebula lenethiwekhi ezoxhumeka ekugcineni komshini, enye ibe kwelinye lamadivaysi okushintsha (router, SVCH, modem, njll). Loluhlobo lwexhumano lubizwa ngokuqondile. Kodwa kukhona okunye-ukuwela noma ukuwela. It isetshenziswa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha amabili ngokuqondile. Ukukhwabanisa ngokuqondile kwekhebula lenethiwekhi kunikeza ukuqinisa izixhumi ngokuvumelana ne-EIA / TIA-568A ohlelweni kokubili. Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuxhumeka, ngoba ngokuvamile kunamakhompiyutha angaphezu kwamabili axhunywe nge-SWIC noma ezinye izinhlobo zokushintshwa kumanethiwekhi wendawo. Uma ngabe kunjalo kunesidingo sokuxhuma imishini emibili phakathi kwabo, khona-ke ukuxhumeka kokudluliselwa kuyasetshenziswa. Ukuze ucindezele ikhebula lenethiwekhi yekhompiyutha kuya kwikhompyutha, ukuphela kwekhebula kumele kuxhumeke kuxhuma usebenzisa i-EIA / TIA-568A ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuphela kokuya ku-EIA / TIA-568B. Ukuze uxhumane ngqo, akuwona wonke ama-cores angu-8 angasetshenziswa, kodwa amane kuphela, kodwa izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha lizokwehla ngesilinganiso se-10. Ngokuxhumeka kwesiphambano, zonke izinhlamvu ezingu-8 zisetshenzisiwe.

Ukulungiswa kwekhanda

Ngaphambi kokubopha, umqhubi kufanele ahlwithwe kusukela ekungeneni. Ungayinquma ikhebula ngommese ovamile, kodwa lokhu kwenziwa kahle kangakanani kuncike ekusebenzeni kwentambo yethu yokuhlanganisa kanye nekhwalithi yokudluliswa kwedatha. Ukwehliswa kwangaphandle kunqunywe kude ku-20-25 mm kusukela ekupheleni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi ukufakwa kwezimvini, okungaholela ekuvaleni kwabo esikhathini esizayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kususwe kususwe, kuyadingeka ukukhipha zonke izinkambo bese uziqondisa ku-oda EIA / TIA-568A noma i-EIA / TIA-568B, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuxhunywa oludingekayo.

Indlela yokukhipha ikhebula lenethiwekhi nomuntu okhubazayo

Amasters basebenzisa amapelisi akhethekile (abenzi bokugunda) ukuze bahlwithe ikhebula. Uma ekhaya kungekho thuluzi elinjalo, ungayithenga kunoma yisiphi isitolo lapho uthengisa izingxenye zomsakazo. Izindleko zesiphambeko esilula kunazo zonke ama-ruble angu-200. Ngaphambi kokuba ucindezele ikhebula lenethiwekhi, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi izintambo azihambisani.

Okulandelayo, bafake emiphakathini yomxhumanisi aze ayeke futhi alungise. Ngokubukeka, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi yonke i-wiring iphumule ngodonga oluphambili lwekhanda lepulagi, akekho kubo owela engozini "ethandweni elingalungile", nokuthi isifunda sokugqekeza asiphuli. Ngemuva kwalokho, isixhumi sifakwa endaweni ekhethekile yokusebenza yesikhumba, esenziwe ngesimo nobukhulu bexhuma, futhi igxilwe ekumisekeni. Lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa ngomunye umkhawulo wenkambo yokugaya yesikhathi esizayo. Ungahlola ukufaneleka kokuxhumeka kwe-LAN-tester, futhi lapho kungekho khona-ngokumane uxhume ikhompuyutha kudivayisi efisekayo ngokusebenzisa ikhebula lezintambo ezicindezelweyo.

Ikhebuli elilimele ngaphandle kokulimaza

Uma kungenjalo kwakungekho amathrekhi akhethekile, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuwathenga, kunendlela ongakhetha ngayo ikhebula lenethiwekhi ngesandla. Umbono omuhle kanye nesikebhe esibucayi noma ummese kuyasiza lapha. Ukufaka "umbhangqwana ophikisiwe" kusuka ekugqaseni kwangaphandle nokusabalalisa imifino yawo ngendlela efunayo, siwabeka esixhumi bese uwalungisa futhi ngeminwe yakho. Ipulagi kumele ibheke phezulu.

Ngesikhathi ukuphumula phansi kwesixhumi etafuleni noma kwenye indawo engaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuba uhambisane ngamunye nge-screwdriver noma ummese ukuma phansi. Kulesi simo, ama-prongs oxhumana nawo azokwehlisa ukufakwa kwe-wiring futhi azilungise endaweni ephansi. Ukuthenga izixhumanisi nokuhlela ukuzincoma ngesandla, kungcono ukuthatha okunye okunye, ngoba okokuqala akukwazi ukuphuma, futhi uzophinde ugijimele esitolo.

Iziphambeko Ezivamile

Uma ikhebula libophekile, kuningi izikhathi lapho konke kubonakala sengathi kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, kodwa akukho uxhumano. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhlelwa kwemifino nokuyibuyisela ukuhambisana nohlobo lokuxhumana.

Uma konke kulungile, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi yonke i-wiring ixhunyiwe ngokuvikelekile kumaxhuma wokuxhuma. Kungenzeka nokuthi ukugxila okuphezulu kunqotshiwe kakhulu, futhi izintambo zezintambo, ukuguqa, zingavalwa noma, ngokuphambene, hamba kude noxhumana naye. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ikhebula kufanele linqunywe futhi liphinde lihlwithwe.