Yini-ke eningi ebuchosheni: isakhiwo

Kubantu, ubuchopho kungenzeka omunye emizimbeni Ayindida kakhulu futhi icacile. Ngakho, lo mshini umsebenzi engqondo, ososayensi namanje phikisana. Namuhla sizozama ukuhlela ziphetho. Futhi cabanga ngalokho eningi ebuchosheni, yini umsebenzi wayo futhi yiziphi izifo ezivame kakhulu emzimbeni.

uhlaka

Ubuchopho ivikela okunokwethenjelwa ugebhezi. Kuthatha umzimba engaphezu kuka-90% wesikhala. Kulokhu, isisindo ebuchosheni amadoda nabesifazane lihlukile. Ngokwesilinganiso, 1375 amagremu abamele ubulili namandla, 1275 amagremu - ababuthakathaka. Neonatal ubuchopho isisindo 10% kuwo wonke umzimba, futhi abadala -% 2-2.5 kuphela. Isakhiwo umzimba kufaka ama- cerebral, stem cerebellum.

Uyini ingqondo? Isayensi likhombe izigaba ezilandelayo walo mzimba:

• front;
• ezingemuva;
• oblong;
• isilinganiso;
• Lesisemkhatsini.

Cabangela lezi zindawo kabanzi. Kusukela emgogodleni kuvela oblong. Kuhlanganisa esiqinile white (iziteshi conductive) kanye grey (nerve nucleus). Pons elitholakala ngemva kwalo. Lokhu ahambise isondo le micu transverse we izinzwa grey ndaba. Nangu umfula oyinhloko. Licala iphuzu engaphezulu medulla. Kancane kancane, eya cerebellum siqukethe ama- ezimbili. Ubizwa Okusizayo elixhumene eside ibhuloho, ubuchopho obuphakathi futhi cerebellum.

Isigaba phakathi isendaweni yebhangqa lamachubu ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa. Bona asuke izinzwa ukuthi ukuxhuma asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Phakathi ama- cerebral igebe lubonakale ezijulile ngaphakathi okuyinto - the callosum Corpus. It uxhuma uMnyango ezimbili ezinkulu. Nenkabazwe embozwe amagxolo. Kulapha ukuthi kukhona umsebenzi bokusungula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ubuchopho? Anakho amagobolondo ezintathu:

1. Solid - kuyinto ebusweni engaphakathi periosteum, lapho iningi la mangqamuzana ubuhlungu.
2. Arachnoid - kuyinto eduze eseduze cortex, kodwa hhayi abami meanders. Phakathi ke negobolondo kanzima - uketshezi serous. Okulandelayo kuba umgogodla bese Cortex uqobo.
3. Soft - siqukethe uhlelo imithambo yegazi kanye ezicutshini usinika ubuchopho kanye nabo bonke ubuso.

imisebenzi

Ubuchopho icubungula ulwazi, okuvela ngamunye la mangqamuzana, ulawula ukunyakaza futhi wahlanganyela isikhundla senqubo yokucabanga evamile. Ngo ngayinye neminyango uya emsebenzini yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo- the medulla oblongata elise emsipheni izikhungo ezihlinzeka operation evamile esivikelo reflex izinto ezifana ukukhwehlela, eshaywa, sneezing nokuhlanza. Libuye obhekene ukuphefumula, ukugwinya, ngamathe nesiphuzo esiswini.

Pons inikeza ukuhamba zamehlo futhi imisipha yobuso ukusebenza. I cerebellum elawula ukudlelana ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho ukunyakaza. Futhi kule ubuchopho obuphakathi lwenteke imisebenzi zokulawula mayelana kobukhulu ukuzwa futhi umbono. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, abafundi, isibonelo, ungakwazi ukunwebeka nokuncipha. Yikho incike ithoni imisipha iso kuwo. Lihlanganisa izikhungo emsipheni obhekene orientation emkhathini.

Kodwa lokho kuba ubuchopho phakathi? Ukunikeza ezinye izingxenye zalo:

• Thalamus. Ibizwa nangokuthi inkinobho, njengoba kusetshenzwe lapha kwakhiwa ngesisekelo ubuhlungu emizweni, izinga lokushisa, imisipha, nezinye receptor sokuzwa. Ngalesi isikhungo, ukushintsha isimo sihlale siphapheme futhi ubuthongo.
• Hypothalamus. It ulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi kanye komzimba thermoregulation. Kuyinto unesibopho isimo esingokomzwelo, ngoba lapha kukhona nethonya ohlelweni endocrine ukukhiqiza ama-hormone lokubhekana nokucindezeleka. Lungisa umuzwa ukoma, indlala kanye satiety, ubumnandi kanye neziphathelene nezocansi.
• Indlala pituitary. Lapha kukhiqizwa hormone phakathi nesikhathi sokuthomba nokuthuthukiswa imisebenzi.
• Epithalamus. It siqukethe le ndlala pineal, okuyinto kulawulwa isigqi lomzimba, kuqinisekisa ubuthongo enempilo futhi umsebenzi evamile emini, nezimo nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Unekhono ukuzizwa kunyakaza of amaza okukhanya ngisho ngokusebenzisa ibhokisi skull, ukwaba le njongo ethile hormone.

What do ubuchopho?

Ilungelo ukugcina lonke ulwazi mayelana nezwe kanye nokusebenzisana womuntu ebanzi. Kuyinto unesibopho nomsebenzi nemilenze yakhe efanele. Kwesokunxele elawula umsebenzi kwezitho zokukhuluma. Lapha kukhona kohlaziyo, ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya , futhi izibalo ehlukahlukene. Ngapha inikezwa zokuqapha kwesokunxele nasemilenzeni.

Endaweni ehlukile, kufanele ishiwo izinhlangano ezifana ventricles zobuchopho. Ziyakwazi voids ukuthi ujenga ependyma. Kudaliwe kusukela kwemizwa tube ingaphakathi ngesimo Bubbles ukuthi siguqulelwa ventricles zobuchopho. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - ukukhiqizwa futhi kunyatheliswa amakhophi cerebrospinal fluid. Izigaba akhiwe namabhuzu lateral, sesithathu nesesine. ' Nenkabazwe ihlukaniswe 4 amabhithi: engaphelele, yesikhashana, parietal futhi occipital.

Lobe ngokuqondile

Le ngxenye kufana itilosi emkhunjini. Kuyinto unesibopho umzimba womuntu uhlala uqotho. Kukhona akhiwa umsebenzi, ukuzimela, isinyathelo ilukuluku. Libuye ezibucayi kanye ukuzethemba kungadalwa. Kafushane, ukwephula ezincane ezenzeka Lobe ngokuqondile, okuholela ukuziphatha okungalungile womuntu, izenzo okungenanzuzo, ukucindezeleka nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ahlukahlukene. ukuziphatha ilawulwa ngokunembile ngokusebenzisa ke. Ngakho-ke, isikhungo control umsebenzi etholakala lapha futhi kuvimbela izenzo ezingafanelekile ngokungafanele. Lobe Frontal Kubalulekile ekukhuleni. Ngenxa wakhe futhi bafunda amakhono athile, amakhono ezingaba alethwe automatism.

iyizingxenye yesikhashana

Lapha - yesikhathi eside inkumbulo USB. Ngo kwesokunxele buthelela izihloko ezithile, izinto, imicimbi kanye zokuxhumana, kanye nelungelo - ebukwayo. iyizingxenye Temporal sikubone. Kulokhu, ohlangothini lwesobunxele deciphers okushiwo lokho akushilo, futhi ilungelo - lidale ukuqonda futhi, ngokuhambisana nalokhu, umdvwebo zilingise, okubonisa isimo kanye nombono nabanye.

iyizingxenye parietal

Ziqondakala ubuhlungu, abandayo noma ukushisa. Lobe parietal inezingxenye ezimbili: kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla. Kanye nezinye linezingxenye zomzimba, bona bayakwazi ezahlukene. Ngakho, kwesokunxele synthesizes izingcezwana eziyizinsalela, yokuxhuma kubo ukuze abantu bakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Nawa kufakwe algorithm athile ukuze bafeze yalokho ethile. Ilungelo Lobe parietal iguqula lonke ulwazi ukuthi ivela ngemuva ekhanda, futhi kwakha isithombe ezintathu-ntathu. Kukhona inikezwa orientation ngekwendzawo kunqunywa ibanga kanye nokunye okufana nalokho.

ekupheleni Lobe

It is ziqondakala esizibonayo. Sibona izinto ezisizungezile njengoba ezizihluphayo, ukukhanya okuvela retina esweni. Ngokusebenzisa amasignali ukukhanya iguqulwe Imininingwane umbala, ukunyakaza nezinto. Kukhona izithombe ezintathu-ntathu.

isifo

Ukudalulwa endaweni inani elikhulu izifo. Phakathi ayingozi kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ukuvuvukala;
• amagciwane;
• isifo semithambo;
• izifo neurodegenerative.

Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe. Brain izimila kungaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Futhi, njengoba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngabe ingozi noma abulalayo. Lezi zokwakheka bavele ngenxa yokuhluleka e umsebenzi zokuzala kwamaseli. Control siphukile. Futhi baqala ukwanda kakhulu. Phakathi izimpawu egqanyisiwe ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu, Ukudlikizela, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukusangana kanye angaboni kahle.

Ukuze izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zihlanganisa izifo ezifana:

1. Encephalitis. Esikhathini ingqondo yomuntu udidekile. Unomuzwa njalo ukuwozela, kukhona ingozi ukuwela equlekile.
2. meningitis okunobuthi. Wazizwa ikhanda. imfiva, ukuhlanza kanye ubuthakathaka jikelele.
3. Encephalomyelitis. I isiyezi nesineke, motility ephazamisekile, kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa, ukuhlanza kungenzeka.

Esimeni eziningi izifo ayisesemikhulu izitsha ubuchopho. Kuyenzeka protrusion izindonga, ukubhujiswa nokunye. Ngenxa yalokhu inkumbulo kungenziwa iphazamiseke, isiyezi, ubuhlungu. ubuchopho kwegazi enezinkinga high blood pressure, ukudabuka of useshonile, esivimba amanzi nokunye. Futhi ngenxa izifo neurodegenerative ezifana izifo izibani, Huntington noma Alzheimer siyabhubha inkumbulo ingqondo kulahleka, wazizwa eliqhaqhazelayo yezingalo nemilenze, ubuhlungu, amajaqamba futhi zibe zenzeka.

isiphetho

Lena isakhiwo ongaqondakali elithile lomzimba wethu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uma umuntu ebhema kumane nje kuyingxenye encane amathuba ukuthi kungenziwa igcwaliseke ngokusebenzisa le umzimba. Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku esintwini uzokwazi ukudalula amakhono abo mkhulu kakhulu kunalokhu oyikho namuhla. Okwamanje, ososayensi bazama sifunde nangemisebenzi yaso amaqiniso athakazelisa. Nakuba, ngasendleleni, le mizamo namanje asiphumelelanga kakhulu.