Yini igama kanye ukubukeka Galaxy yethu. Igama izinkanyezi emthaleni wethu

Kulobo busuku obucwathile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bakhangwa emibonweni abantu abanayo. I izingqondo engcono kuzo zonke izizwe ziye zazama ukuqonda indawo yethu yonke, ukucabanga abuye esekele idivayisi yayo. inqubekela-phambili yesayensi ukuvumele ukuya e ukuhlola i-expanses enkulukazi yonke kusukela kwaqanjwa romantic nezenkolo ngokunengqondo eliqinisekisiwe mbono esekelwe impahla eziningi oluyiqiniso. Manje, zonke umfundi has umbono walokho kubukeka sengathi yomthala wethu ngokuvumelana ucwaningo lwamuva, ngubani, kungani, futhi lapho Wamupha igama olusankondlo enjalo, futhi yini ikusasa layo elilinganisiwe.

Umsuka kwegama

Igama elithi "i-Milky Way", eqinisweni aze abe tautology. Galactikos e nokuyigama lesiXhosa izindlela YesiGreki "Milky". Ngakho izakhamuzi yePeloponnese wabizwa ngokuthi yinhlanganisela izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, kokubalula imvelaphi yayo Hera unkulunkulukazi somlilo engafuni ukondla neqhawe, Indodana engumlanjwana kaZeyusi, futhi intukuthelo ubisi squirt webele. Drops bakha ithrekhi lezinkanyezi kubonakala ku zasebusuku. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, ososayensi bathola ukuthi izwe waphawula - kuphela ingxenye encane nemigwamanda ekhona yasezulwini. Isikhala sendawo yonke, okuyinto iplanethi yethu, anikwa igama Galaxy noma i-Milky Way uhlelo. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa kucatshangwa khona kwabanye amaqembu ezifanayo isikhala kuqala waba eside ngabo jikelele.

umbono ngaphakathi

ulwazi lwesayensi mayelana nokwakheka kwendawo yonke, kuhlanganise nesimiso sonozungezilanga, kancane ethathwa kwamaGreki asendulo kwezempi. Ukuqonda indlela yomthala wethu libukeka, ziye zashintsha yonke eyindilinga Aristotle kuya kunemibono yanamuhla lapho kukhona isikhala izimbobo black ne-matter emnyama.

Iqiniso lokuthi Umhlaba - uhlelo isici i-Milky Way, unemingcele ezithile ku labo abazama ukuthola ukuthi uhlobo ukuma kuyinto yomthala wethu. Ukuze uthole impendulo ocacile wokuba yalo mbuzo kudinga umbono kusuka ngaphandle, futhi buqamama okukhulu kusukela into observation. Manje isayense bancishwa kwakungenzeka lokhu. A uhlobo esikhundleni obuka ngaphandle kuba iqoqo Umthala isakhiwo idatha futhi ukuhlanganisa zabo kwemigomo nezinye izinhlelo isikhala-based, sokutadisha.

Idatha eqoqwe asivumela ukusho la mazwi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umthala wethu has simise disc nge iqhubu (iqhubu) phakathi futhi diverging kusukela maphakathi izingalo Kuvunguza. Lesi sakamuva aqukethe bhá inkanyezi uhlelo. ububanzi we disc ingaphezu 100,000 light-years.

isakhiwo

Galactic Centre lisithwe zothuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi, okuyinto ebambezela ukufunda uhlelo. Siza ukubhekana kangcono nale nkinga izindlela-radio astronomy. Ngezinye yamaza ethize kalula sinqobe izithiyo futhi ukunikeza isithombe oyifunayo kakhulu. Galaxy wethu, idatha etholwe, isakhiwo heterogeneous.

Evamile, kukhona ezimbili ezihlobene isici nabanye ngamunye: halo kanye disc efanele. I subsystem lokuqala has izici ezilandelayo:

• ukuma kuyinto sphere;

• ke ubhekwa maphakathi iqhubu;
• eliphakeme lokuhlushwa inkanyezi halo nobuntu ingxenye yayo lesemkhatsini, nangokucacile njengoba kusondela emaphethelweni ukuminyana ancipha kakhulu;
• ukujikeleza zone Umthala kunalokho kancane;
• lapho lomqhele wathola izinkanyezi ikakhulu ubudala nge isisindo iphansana;
• eside isikhala subsystems egcwele matter emnyama.

idiski Galactic we ukuminyana inkanyezi kuningi kunokomuntu lapho lomqhele. Sleeves ukuhlangabezana abasha ngisho nje abasafufusa isikhala izinto.

Centre kanye core

"Inhliziyo" kuyi-Milky Way ungaphakathi umlaza ka Sagittarius. Ngaphandle ukutadisha kube nzima ukuqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi umthala wethu. Igama elithi "umongo" emisebenzini ezesayensi noma usebenza kuphela endaweni emaphakathi ngenhloso ububanzi we parsecs ezimbalwa, noma kufaka iqhubu, indandatho kanye ne-gas, okuyinto kubhekwa lapho kwazalelwa izinkanyezi. Kwalandela inkosikazi engumakhelwane nayo samuntu sokuqala izosebenzisa eside.

Maphakathi Milky Way akusho kalula zingene ukukhanya ebonakalayo: yena ubhekene inqwaba uthuli cosmic efihla ukubukeka yomthala wethu. Izithombe nemifanekiso, ezithathwe yamaza infrared, izazi zezinkanyezi ukwandisa kakhulu azani ikhenela.

Idatha ngemisebe ikakhulu abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Galaxy utshelwa ososayensi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ngo-umnyombo oyinhloko a black hole. isisindo salo sikhulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-2.5 million le mass ilanga. Ngakule into, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, it is ijikelezwe eyodwa ngaphezulu, kodwa kancane umxhwele phezu nemingcele, ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. ulwazi yamanje mayelana izici isakhiwo yonke ke kuphakamisa ukuthi lokhu Izinto maphakathi imithala kakhulu.

Ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni

Ithonya ahlangene we izimbobo black motion izinkanyezi kuletha mayelana nezinguquko ukubukeka yomthala wethu: kuholela izinguquko ezithile esikhathini omise mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini uncharacteristically, isibonelo, eduze zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ekuhloleni lezi trajectories futhi isilinganiso velocities nge ibanga ukusuka naphakathi kulo mthala sihlezi esisekelo manje isiphethwe ukuthuthukisa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela-matter emnyama. Ubunjalo bayo eside oyimfihlakalo. Ukuba khona esimnyama, mhlawumbe obuqand iningi ingxenye yonke into ekuyo yonke indawo kulotshwe kuphela imiphumela gravity nje orbit.

Uma ziqeda wonke uthuli cosmic efihla kithi amehlo core ukuvula isithombe esihlaba umxhwele. Naphezu lokuhlushwa esimnyama, le ngxenye yonke ungukukhanya wukukhanya lenqwaba izinkanyezi. Omunye iyunithi isikhala zingabantu kaningi ephakeme kunaleyo eduze kwelanga. Cishe eziyishumi zamaRandi ukuba baqale ibha Galactic, obizwa nangokuthi ibhuloho, hhayi ngempela ifomu evamile.

Isikhala nut

Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo cwaningo kohlelo iminyakazo emide kungenzeka ukuthola enemininingwane isithombe infrared. Umthala wethu, kwacaca ukuthi, nucleus has a isakhiwo okusikhumbuza amantongomane igobolondo. Lokhu "nut" futhi jumper, okubandakanya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 imidondoshiya obomvu (liqhakazile, kodwa ngaphansi izinkanyezi ashisayo). Amahubo avela emikhawulweni ibha etshiyeneyo Kuvunguza izingalo kuyi-Milky Way.

Umsebenzi ezihlobene kokutholakala "lamantongomane" maphakathi komthala wethu, hhayi kuphela acacisa indlela yethu isakhiwo emthaleni, kodwa futhi ukuba uqonde ukuthi liye savela. Ekuqaleni, esikhaleni yendawo ezungezile kwakukhona disk esiyisisekelo, bakha ibhuloho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphansi kwethonya izinqubo zangaphakathi kwebha washintsha injalo futhi waba kuzwakala njengephupho nut.

Umuzi wethu kumephu isikhala

Active inkanyezi kumiswa senzeka kwebhuloho, futhi izingalo Kuvunguza, esesikhundleni yomthala wethu. Igama banikezwa ngesikhathi ezinkanyezi, okuyinto osongoza amagatsha atholakele Perseus Arm, Cygnus, Centaurus, Sagittarius neMpambano. Eduze yokugcina (at ibanga iminyaka ukukhanya hhayi ngaphansi kuka eziyinkulungwane 28 kusuka nucleus) futhi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Le ndawo onezici ezithile, ngokusho kongoti, abaye balilungiselela ukuvela lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Galaxy futhi isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga uphendukisa nalo. Imithetho motion yezingxenye ngamunye kuleli cala azifani. Inani elikhulu izinkanyezi ngezinye izikhathi kuba ingxenye amagatsha Kuvunguza, it is wahlukana nabo. Kuphela izibani zikhanya umngcele corotation embuthanweni, ungenzi "travel." Enjalo Lezi zihlanganisa ilanga, bavikelwe izinqubo enamandla ukuthi njalo ezazenzeka imikhono. Ngisho ukuhamba kancane ngabe negate wonke amanye izinzuzo sokuthuthukiswa eziphilayo eplanethini yethu.

Isibhakabhaka amadayimane

Ilanga - eyodwa nje imizimba eminingi efanayo, okuyinto ugcwele yomthala wethu. Izinkanyezi, olulodwa noma babeqoqana, lonke inani idlula idatha yakamuva 400 billion. The abaseduze nathi, Proxima Centauri, kuyingxenye uhlelo izinkanyezi ezintathu ezikude kancane ngaphezulu Alpha Centauri A no-Alpha Centauri B. Iphuzu bhá esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, Sirius A, ungaphakathi canis Major. likhanya ngendlela efanayo ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene engaphezu kuka-solar ezikhathini 17-23. Sirius futhi sisodwa, kuhambisana satellite, azisa igama efanayo, kodwa imakwe B.

Ngokuvamile izingane uqale ngijwayele indlela yomthala wethu libukeka, nge search ethile esesibhakabhakeni noma ukuthi iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho Alpha-Ursa Minor. ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, ukweleta isikhundla ngenhla North Pole Zomhlaba. Likhanya ngendlela efanayo Polar siphezulu kunamanye Sirius (engaba izinkulungwane ezimbili izikhathi licace kakhulu elangeni), kodwa abakwazi ukuphikisa ilungelo Alpha Canis Major isihloko yesiteleka kakhulu ngenxa ibanga ukusuka emhlabeni (ababalelwa cishe phakathi 300 kanye 465 iminyaka ukukhanya).

izinhlobo izinkanyezi

Izinkanyezi: Lawa luminosity kanye nebanga elivela obuka hhayi kuphela. Ngamunye kukhonjwe inani elithile (elihambisana iyunithi esithathwayo ilanga seliyozilahla), izinga surface Ukushisa, umbala.

Ubukhulu umxhwele kakhulu babe supergiants. Ubuningi enkulu efana e iyunithi ivolumu ezahlukene neutron izinkanyezi. Umbala izici isici ezihlobene lokushisa:

• abomvu le enomoya;
• amalahle ebusweni kufika ku-6 000º, njengelanga, uveza abe luhlaza ezimpofu;
• ukukhanya okumhlophe nokuluhlaza has a lokushisa kuka 10 000º.

likhanya ngendlela efanayo lale nkanyezi ziyahlukahluka futhi sifinyelele esiphezulu nje kokuba nciphisa yayo. Ukuqhuma Supernova benza iqhaza elikhulu ekuqondeni ukuthi kubukeka kanjani Galaxy yethu. Izithombe yale nqubo ekhiqizwa izibonakude iyisimangaliso.
Kwaqoqwa ngesisekelo abakutholile ziye zasiza ukubuyisela inqubo ezaholela kokugqashuka, futhi ukubikezela isiphetho eziningi imizimba cosmic.

Ikusasa Milky Way

Umthala wethu futhi eminye imithala njalo iqhubekela phambili futhi uxhumana. Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zathola ukuthi i-Milky Way yayisiboshwe kaningi ushwabadelwe omakhelwane. izinqubo ezifanayo kulindeleke esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izobandakanya Magellanic Google kanye nenombolo ye izinhlelo yemifino. Lo mcimbi umxhwele kakhulu kulindeleke eminyakeni 3-5 bhiliyoni. Lokhu kuyoba ukungqubuzana le-Andromeda, lo makhelwane kuphela ebonakala ukusuka eMhlabeni ngeso lenyama. Ngenxa yalokho-Milky Way kuyoba Umthala okweqanda.

Endless expanses isikhala siyakhazimula. Ongelutho okunzima ukuyiqonda hhayi kuphela isikali ye-Milky Way, noma yonke, kodwa ngisho Earth. Nokho, ngenxa yentuthuko kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi singacabanga okungenani ezinye ingxenye yezwe kukhona okukhulu.