Yenzeka Cochlear: ukuthi kuyini, abazokusiza

Esikhathini Russian Federation, ngokusho izibalo, baphile abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-12 nge ezahlukene ukuzwa kahle. Onenkinga yokuzwa kahle nabantu ngokujulile ubuthulu nakho eziningi nobunzima kule evamile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kukhawulela ikhono lazo futhi iqhaza empilweni yomphakathi. Ikakhulukazi nomthelela omubi ubuntu kuzibonakalisa labo ntu bazalwa ngokuzwa evamile, futhi kamuva ngenxa Kwezinye izimo uyisithulu ngokuphelele, noma ukuzwa kwehle kakhulu.

nezinsiza kokuzwa zenzelwe abantu abayizithulu. Iziguli eziningi zisebenzisa kubo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa kuqalisa kancane kakhulu. Endabeni sensorineural iziguli ubuthulu kungasiza nolwelwesi cochlear. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani, look lokuqala at endlebeni isebenza kanjani futhi kungani sizwa, kanye kafushane izinhlobo ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa.

Kungani sizwa?

Umsindo kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa yangaphandle futhi maphakathi nendlebe. Sound wave vibration kuholela eardrum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathi okuhambisa le vibration ukuze uchungechunge ossicles sokuzwa - isando, nensimbi nesitibili.

Kusukela stapes, esemgwaqweni ekupheleni uchungechunge phakathi indlebe ossicles, lokhu kunyakaza seningene ngaphakathi komgodi we zengaphakathi lendlebe. It has ukuma Umnenke ayigcwalisa ketshezi. Kulesi ingaphakathi kukhona sezinzwa zengaphakathi ukuthi ukuguqula kunyakaza mechanical nezinzwa amaza. Lezi pulses ezilethwa ubuchopho ngokufaka emsipheni sokuzwa, kukhona ukwakheka kanye nombono isithombe umsindo, sizwa.

Kungani ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa?

izinkinga Ukuzwa kwenzeke, uma esikhathini esithile kumiswa yokuphazamiseka umsindo iphutha. Ngakho uma itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka ezilimele sezinzwa zengaphakathi of endlebeni ngenxa noma yikuphi ukulimala noma ukugula esakheka ubuthulu ephelele. Kungaba postlingvalnoy uma ingane isikufundile ukusho isikhathi yokungezwa noma prelingvalnoy - uma inkulumo akakalenzi balufunda.

Izinhlobo ubuthulu

Ikakhulukazi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ube ngezigaba zabo, okuyinto kunqunywa kuncike ngezinga elithile, indawo, futhi ukuqala yokungezwa.

Ngokusho degree of ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa zihlukaniswe Imininingwane ubuthulu futhi ubuthulu, uma kukhona bezibona umsindo, kodwa kunzima. Ukuzwa ewohloka:

• sensorineural;
• conductive;
• okuxubile.

Sensorineural kungenxa kokuzwa Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukwephulwa ezingaphakathi endlebeni noma sokuzwa emsipheni conduction. I degree of ukungakhuli kuhluka omnene ukuqedela ubuthulu.

Conductive ubuthulu kwenzeka ngenxa izinkinga abazalwane ababehlangabezana nazo indlebe zangaphandle noma phakathi, ngenxa okuyinto kunyakaza conductivity umsindo futhi abaphukile noma ukuphazamiseka wathola akusho olwenziwa ukuze zengaphakathi lendlebe. eardrum Lokhu kungenzeka lilimele, isivalo sulfuric, njll

Ngokuhamba iminyaka yobudala abantu abaqala zalezi zinkinga kungaba:

• lokuzalwa;
• prelingvalnye;
• postlingvalnye.

Kwasendaweni ubuthulu kungenzeka kwasakazwa indlebe esisodwa noma zombili, bese, ibizwa ngokuthi Binaural ubuthulu.

Izinkomba ngoba yenzeka cochlear

yenzeka Cochlear okuboniswe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

1. Ngokungezwa ezijulile emaceleni sensorineural.
2. Ngezinye ongaphakeme bezibona embundwini uma amadivayisi yomsindo Binaural kuzwa.
3. In the ukungabikho inkulumo bezibona esimweni izinsizakuzwa ngokufanele akhethiwe izinyanga ezintathu, nge zamazwe amabili ngokujulile sensorineural ubuthulu.
4. In the ukungabikho yezinkinga kwengcondvo (iziyaluyalu umsebenzi engokwengqondo uhlamvu ezahlukene).
5. In the ukungabikho izinkinga ezingokwengqondo.
6. In the ukungabikho tinhlobo letehlukene izifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.

Izimo kanye nemikhawulo

Lolu hlobo nolwelwesi kuyinto ayizwakali endabeni ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa elafika ngenxa neuritis we emsipheni sokuzwa noma ukopha Lobe yesikhashana noma ekunqandeni zobuchopho. yenzeka Cochlear kulezi zimo ngeke ngilethe le imiphumela oyifunayo.

Kwenza akukho mqondo ukuqhuba ukusebenza uma calcification cochlear (kwezulu of calcium nosawoti) noma Ukuqina sekuyenzeka yayo (bone ukuhluma).

yenzeka Cochlear akwenzi ingqondo uma kweziguli ukulahlekelwa isikhathi eside (iminyaka) bahlala kuthule dú. Kulokhu, ukusebenza engalethi umphumela oyifunayo ngenxa yokuthi ukuntula eside ukukhuthazwa sokuzwa emsipheni yoma amahlumela ayikwazi ukutholwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izimo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala maphakathi nendlebe.
• Ukuba khona nje perforation we eardrum.
• Ukuphepha kanye isimo ukusebenza we zengaphakathi, okuyinto kunqunywa indlela kwekhabhoni otoacoustic.
• Lapho prelingvalnoy ubuthulu - yobudala kwengane eneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6.
• Lapho postlingvalnoy ubuthulu - inkathi isithulu ehlala njalo ngokwengeziwe esikhathini okuvamile ukuzwa.

Uyini nolwelwesi cochlear?

Uhlelo siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zazo oxhumene by iyiphi izindlela ngokomzimba anixhunyiwe. Enye ingxenye unamathele endlebeni yangaphandle futhi siqukethe microphone kanye processor (e onobuhle yesimanje ehlangana), kanye Lidlulisela, okuyinto unamathele isikhumba, Ifana nozibuthe. Okwesibili ingxenye - elingaphakathi futhi limelela umamukeli. It is fixed ithambo yesikhashana. Empeleni, umshini owamukelayo isethiwe futhi ukusebenza - yenzeka ka cochlear.

ingabe uhlelo asebenze kanjani?

Umbhobho ukukhwezwa ngemuva kwendlebe yangaphandle, ucosha umsindo futhi uzithumela ukuba wokugaya inkulumo, etholakala endaweni efanayo. Processor wathola imisindvo ikhodi eyisivikelo futhi iguqulwe ibe amaza kagesi. Baphinde ngokusebenzisa Lidlulisela exhunywe kwi isikhumba ayanikezelwa a umamukeli ise ithambo yesikhashana. Kusukela lapho electrode phakathi cochlea benza futhi senze ngokusekelwe ganglion Kuvunguza of emsipheni sokuzwa. Ngakho isiguli uyakwazi ukubona imisindo.

izindleko

Ingqikithi yezindleko ye nolwelwesi cochlear, inhlolo-vo eyenziwa ukuhlinzwa nokulungisa nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kunqunywa ngqo isiguli ngasinye. Inani ukuhlolwa incike umlando wezokwelapha kanye isimo jikelele isiguli. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, iziguli umlando abaye meningitis, ngempela babelwe-magnetic resonance imaging, okuzokwenza ukunquma isimo amathambo yesikhashana. Ezinye iziguli kungenzeka kuhlolisisa angavezwa. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi (akuzona zonke) zidinga zofuzo ngokubonisana noma udokotela wezinzwa. Lokhu konke kuthinta kangakanani kuzobiza izimila cochlear. Izindleko Its cishe ye-oda ruble 1 kwezigidi ezingu-300. Kodwa izakhamuzi Russian Federation, lo msebenzi kungenziwa mahhala ngaphansi kwesilinganiso.

Izindleko kokuhlala esibhedlela kanti esibhedlela ikhokhelwa ngokwehlukana futhi kuncike amanani kwezinhlangano ekhethiwe.

ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo kanye nokusebenza

1. Ukuhlolwa ENT.
2. kokubonisana otonevrologa.
3. surdopedagogs ukubonisana.
4. Audiometry.
5. Impedancemetry.
6. ukuhlolwa Promontorialny.
7. kwekhabhoni Otoacoustic.
8. Tintfo yabangela nekhono.
9. tomography ngekhompyutha amathambo yesikhashana.
10. ukuhlolwa Standard laboratory njengoba nganoma yisiphi ukuhlinzwa (ukuhlaziywa jikelele ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo, igazi glucose, igazi luhlolo kwamakhemikhali).

Ukusebenza kuthatha cishe 1.5 amahora. Nolwelwesi iqinile endaweni wethambo yesikhashana ngemuva kwendlebe, kanye electrode busuka cochlea. Ngaphezu kwalokho labetibambile kusaladi kanye sutures ziyasuswa ezinsukwini 7-10.

Vula uhlelo kungaba amasonto 3-5. Lolu shintsho lokuqala zingenziwa kuka inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kubalulekile kakhulu wakhe kahle, futhi akavumi ukuba nemizwelo emibi lesiguli at ukubuyela kuye ezweni imisindo.

Iyatholakala-esiteji izimila cochlear kuzo zombili izindlebe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kulokhu, ohlangothini ngalunye ukubeka ehlukile ezimele uhlelo cochlear. Survey nesikhathi zokuhlumelelisa kuyafana zokwakha sohlangothi olulodwa.

nokuvuselelwa

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, "izimila cochlear" nokuvuselelwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ngemva processor inkulumo ixhunyiwe, kumele kahle amise futhi ukufundisa isiguli ukuba ngiziqonde imisindo lemi imizwa ukuze enelise ukusebenzisa lolo lwazi sokuthuthukiswa inkulumo. Ukuvuselelwa kuthatha yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu, kunzima futhi eside.

Ibhekane ukunyakazisa amalungu omzimba isiguli kusiza wonke iqembu lochwepheshe, okubandakanya otohirurgi, surdopedagogs, audiologists, odokotela bengqondo. Amakilasi amasu akhethekile eside Tuning kweseshini, kanye kokubonisana zonke lezi ochwepheshe. Esikhathini esizayo, bayobizwa ngeso lokhozi ukuphila isiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, processor inkulumo lizoqala kumele reprogrammed.

Izinsiza zokuzwa. amanani

Kubantu abanalesi ezingeni eliphansi bezibona umsindo uye wazakhela kumadivayisi amaningi - izinsiza-kuzwa ezingasiza ukuzivumelanisa isimo senhlalo. BTE izinsizakuzwa kukhona, zazo ogibele ngemuva endlebeni, futhi in-the - ezibekwe lesiguli indlebe canal futhi zenziwa oda. Okwamanje isendalini nokuthi onobuhle digital.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinsizakuzwa CIC. Basuke ise indlebe emseleni, kakhulu usayizi amancane cishe ezingabonakali kwabanye. Kodwa amadivayisi enjalo contraindicated izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12.

Izindleko izinsiza-kuzwa kuyahlukahluka, kodwa incane. Lokhu kwenza inani elikhulu iziguli ukusebenzisa izinsiza kokuzwa. Amanani impela ezingabizi. Ngakho, BTE onobuhle angathengwa 4,5 kuya ruble ayizigidi 17.. Ngo-amadivaysi ezibizayo.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa ubuthulu

Uma une ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuphathwa kuzoncika izizathu zokuthi kungani ayekade mema. Phakathi okukhethwa kungenzeka:

1. Ukususwa kwezimiso cerumen - lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela wokugeza, ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenzisa ithuluzi ekhethekile.
2. Ukusetshenziswa izinsiza-kuzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho BTE, ITE futhi glubokokanal'nykh, kungenzeka nezinsiza kokuzwa esetshenziswa, aboshelwe luhlaka lithatha isikhwama sezibuko noma ephaketheni, kanye yibhande lasebunzini, ngisho ngesimo namacici. Iyiphi ngeke ivumelane isiguli esithile, thintana Udokotela wezindlebe.
3. izimila Cochlear - basuke okukhulunywe ngabo kulesi sihloko.

Ukuvimbela ubuthulu

Ukuzwa ukulahleka kungadalwa isifo, okusebenza ezindaweni ezinomsindo noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni enomsindo. Ukuzwa kungenzeka yehle, futhi ngenxa yezinguquko ubudala.

Uma umsebenzi ehlangene ukukhiqizwa ezinomsindo, kutuswa endaweni yokusebenza usebenzisa ama-headphone noma amanye amadivayisi ukuze azivikele imisindo elikhulu, ezifana ekhethekile indlebe plugs.

Njalo kumele ihlolwe kokuzwa bonke abantu abahlangene ne- ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni enomsindo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa masinya futhi nesikhathi esanele sokuthatha isinyathelo, avimbele ukulahlekelwa eminye asizwe futhi ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa noma izithulu.

Gwema imisindo elikhulu kakhulu ngamaholide futhi ungalaleli umculo okhalela phezulu kakhulu, noma okungenani ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthathe amakhefu.