Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: inhlokodolobha, izifunda, namadolobha

Harsh aleli - amahle ezikude. Lezi zincazelo ziyasetshenziswa ngokugcwele Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Kuleli zwe, sizungezwe imvelo acwebile amasiko wawoyise baphile abantu bomdabu, kanti kugcwele ocebile lakhula ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Yamal idonse njalo abahambi ngokubukeka layo eliyingqayizivele. Lapha inhlanganisela emangalisayo yokuphulukisa ukuhaha ilanga futhi okwakhe bemvelo nobukhali sezulu umoya wokupha bendawo, Palette kumnandi of ekwindla nasebusika ezimhlophe buthule. Ososayensi like Yamal for ukujula kwamasiko kanye isimo esingavamile. Ngakho-ke ngokuqinisekile bayoza le Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (inhlokodolobha Salekhard), ukuze ujabulele umoya ohlanzekile futhi uthole ukubona ubuhle emakhoneni akude wezwe lakithi elikhulu.

geography

pearl black wengxenye ngetlhagwini yenarha yethu - Beautiful ocebile eRussia Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy. Futhi kuthatha engengaphansi - ayizinkulungwane 770 amakhilomitha square West laseSiberia Plain. Ukwakheka County zihlanganisa: Gydan Peninsula, taz nhlonhlo, yebo, yonke iNhlonhlo Yamal. Iningi County lenzelwa phezu kwe-Arctic Circle. Kusukela YANAO enyakatho wageza ngu Sea Kara, waya eningizimu eseduze Khanty-Mansiysk esifundeni, omakhelwane empumalanga - the Taimyr futhi Evenki Autonomous District, entshonalanga kube elisemngceleni ne Arkhangelsk esifundeni kanye Republic of Komi. YANAO impumuzo zingahlukaniswa zibe plain no entabeni. Zonke peninsulas abathathu oluneziqhingi emifuleni encane, imihosha, gullies nasemaxhaphozini. Intaba ibanga ngezinyawo amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili isiqeshana ewumngcingo eduze Polar Urals. YANAO sezulu ngokucijile yezwekazi nesihluku, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: strip esenyakatho West laseSiberia Plain, Arctic kanye arctic. Inani labantu base-ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 500 abantu ngesikhathi kwabantu ngaphansi kuka oyedwa square kilometre.

Flora

Ikhava izimila Yamalo-Nenets has a zonation evelele latitudinal. izindawo ezinhlanu ebabazekayo ungabahlukanisa: esenyakatho ehlathini, ihlathi emathafeni, izihlahlana moss-ulele nezimfunda Arctic. Ngo kakhulu enyakatho, ibhendi arctic, izimila azinasisindo. Lapha ungathola wona kuphela, ulele futhi sedge. Umbala moss-ulele kakade ukhule ezihlabayo amancane utshani. Endaweni elilandelayo (izihlahlana emathafeni) zikhule yemifino birch futhi willow izihlahla ngomfula - amajikijolo kanye amakhowe. Ehlathini eziningi emaxhaphozini nemifula encane. Lapha sikhule birch yemifino, larch, sonwele encane. Esikhathini indawo eseningizimu Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District - ehlathini, eziningi zamachibi, emaxhaphozini, emifuleni. Yonke indawo embozwe ukukhanya aminyene futhi emahlathini amnyama coniferous.

nezilwane

Uma flora YANAO ngempela ubala, isilwane - kuyinto ezilapho. Esikhathini esishintshashintshayo ezinhlanu zezulu besifunda owakhiwe zinhlobo amathathu nesishiyagalombili ezincelisayo. Iningi labantu carnivores namagundane - nane zilwane. Five izinhlobo pinnipeds, ezintathu - insectivorous, ezimbili - ayabulala. Twenty zezilwane noboya-ebizwa kukhona ongowenani elikhulu kwezohwebo.

kwemithombo yemvelo Iwusizo

Yamalonenetskiy wesifunda ezizimele (inhlokodolobha Salekhard) hydrocarbon izinqolobane ezaziwayo. Kukhona cishe 78% zigcine Imininingwane uwoyela negesi Russian. YANAO - base hydrocarbon isisetshenziswa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngemisebenzi ku isizinda izinto ezibalulekile engahluziwe ayagcinwa ku Nakhodkinskoye Urengoiskoe igesi, Ety-South isiRashiya, Yamburgskoye uwoyela Amasimu. Ngo YANAO ngonyaka ukhiqiza cishe 8% we ukukhiqiza isamba "black" futhi cishe 80% - "igolide blue". Polar Ural kukhiqizwa chromium, molybdenum, ithini nensimbi, okuhola phosphate, barytes namanye amaminerali.

I kubantu bomdabu Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Manje abantu abangamawaka angamashumi omabini abahlala Yamalo-Nenets. Kodwa izakhamuzi yomdabu ayiqiniso Khanty futhi Nenets, Selkup futhi Komi-Izhemtsy, owayehlala endaweni kusukela kudala. Insali esezinzile isigamu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wesibili. Lokhu kungenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngenkathi ezindaweni eSoviet Union eNyakatho Ekude.

Khanty: lesi sizwe kusukela basendulo babehlala Khanty-Mansiysk izindawo kanye Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Isiko, ulimi namasiko labantu heterogeneous kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Khanty sahlala insimu kunalokho elikhulu ke baba kancane wahlukana.

Nenets abahlala kuleyo nsimu enkulu Russia - of the Peninsula Taimyr ogwini ye-Arctic Ocean. Laba bantu besuka iningizimu yeSiberia e yokuqala yeminyaka AD. Ubiza iqembu Samoyed.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa le Komi abantu abahlala kule ndawo mina yeminyaka BC Lesi sizwe sehlukaniswe enyakatho naseningizimu ye-Komi. Okokuqala kudala wahlanganyela reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya, ukudoba nokuzingela. Lesi sakamuva babe abazingeli nabadobi.

Selkup - abantu abaningi kakhulu eNyakatho. Selkups ngokwesiko wahlanganyela ukudoba nokuzingela. Labo abamele abantu ababehlala e-Ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngisho ezifuywa reindeer.

sokuqondisa

Inhloko-dolobha ye Yamalo-Nenets District lingumuzi Salekhard. Itholakala kwi loMfula OB (ngakwesokudla). Leli dolobha ku-Arctic Circle (kuphela emhlabeni). I bakhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-40. Umuzi yasungulwa ngo 1595. Ekuqaleni kwaba Fort esincane okuthiwa Obdorsky. Kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka ngemva kokumiswa izakhamuzi zaphakade lapha ukuvela. Kusukela ngo-1923, edolobhaneni elaba isikhungo Obdorsk Obdorsk esifundeni esifundeni Ural. Kakade ngo-1930 edolobhaneni inikezwa isimo sokuqondisa Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ke iqanjwe kabusha Obdorsk e Salekhard. Namuhla, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, inhloko-dolobha inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe ngokukhethekile, okhula ngokushesha ngempela. Umuzi has a lot of izinkampani, "Yamalzoloto", port emfuleni, nenhlanzi yokugcina ukudla emathinini, "Yamalflot" nabanye. Umuzi wavula Yamalo-Nenets Museum District and Exhibition Complex, abasebenzi Sekukhangisa, Museum nocwaningo umtapo. Ngisho e Salekhard iyona District Indlu yezandla - State Ibhajethi yezefundo Wamasiko Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Enhloko-dolobha YANAO amagatsha amaningi amanyuvesi ezahlukene. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (inhlokodolobha Salekhard) ihlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokufinyelela kwi-Inthanethi. Iqiniso lokuthi esifundeni asinayo inethiwekhi fiber-optic.

Amadolobha kanye izifunda Yamalo-Nenets wesifunda

Isakhiwo YANAO izifunda eziyisikhombisa, amadolobha eziyisishiyagalombili, ezinhlanu emalokishini , kanye nokuphathwa amane nanye emzaneni. Izifunda Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: Yamal, Shuryshkarsky, taz, lePhure, Priuralsky, Nadym futhi Krasnoselkupsky. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwabantu labantu sincane kakhulu. Naphezu nsimu yabo enkulukazi, Imbalwa kakhulu imizi Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Amadolobha: Noyabr'sk (97 th.), New Urengoj (89.8 eyinkulungwane.), Nadim (ayizinkulungwane 45,2.) Muravlenko (ayizinkulungwane 36,4.) Salekhard (ayizinkulungwane 32,9.) Labytnangy (26 7 THS.), Guba (abakhileyo 21 100). Ngezansi ezinye YANAO muzi ngokuqinisekile uyokwakhiwa kuze kuchazwe kabanzi.

Gubkinskii

City Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) ngo-1996 waba edolobheni lamanani wesifunda futhi yaqanjwa sokuma Soviet Gubkina Ivana Mihaylovicha. Itholakala kwi ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni Pyakupur amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili esuka kwe-Arctic Circle. Idolobha kwamiswa njengoba base sokuthuthukiswa ezifakwa uwoyela. Ngenxa Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), ikakhulukazi ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa uwoyela negesi futhi imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo. Lo muzi ubizwa kahle ibekwe ukusebenza nabantu abasha: ezemidlalo ukusebenza nasezikhungweni zamasiko, emdansweni esikoleni, kukhona yokuqophela. Ngesikhathi intsha nethuba lokuthola imfundo ezweni lakubo.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy

Umuzi yasungulwa ngo-1984. isimo District wathola ngo-1990 aqanjwe behlonipha engineer petroleum Muravlenko Viktora Ivanovicha. Ngokuyinhloko, isabelomali idolobha is agcwaliswa yi-izinkampani embonini kawoyela. Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) has iziteshi ayo lavela emisakazweni nakumathelevishini. Ishicilela iphephandaba "yethu Idolobha", "Kopeika", "iZwi oilman."

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy

Ngemva Novy Urengoy Noyabrsk - yesibili nesinabantu abaningi kunazo zonke Yamalo-Nenets. Usuku isisekelo komuzi kubhekwe njengento 1973, lapho indawo ye namuhla Noyabrsk uwoyela lokuqala umthombo wabizwa yamba. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, lapha kufika abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo, ubani ikakhulukazi lalinabashumayeli abasebenzi. Ngo-1976 Noyabrsk isiphetho ingatholakala kuphela uwoyela amabalazwe, futhi ngo-1982 komnikazi wanikezwa isimo idolobha wesifunda. Amafutha, igesi kanye nophethiloli umkhakha athuthukiswe kahle kakhulu. Kulo mkhakha izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka amathathu.