Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin Aleksandr Sergeevich: Indaba ubungani, imisebenzi ukuqhathanisa

Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin - amagama ezimbili ezinkulu emlandweni izincwadi Russian, le geniuses ezimbili, amadoda amabili amakhulu. izimpilo ezinjalo ezahlukene, abalingiswa ezahlukene, kanye nobungane obufudumele enjalo iminyaka eminingi ezayo! Sekuseduze kangakanani Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin babe, kafushane ezichazwe imithombo eminingi. Masizame ukubheka nangaphakathi.

prehistory

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - owazalwa ngo 1783, i-Indodana engumlanjwana ka umninindawo Afanasiya Bunina. Ukuze uyinike ithuba ukuthola imfundo kanye isimo elithile emphakathini, Bunin wanika umfana banikelwa njengezingane zokutholwa wohlanga olukhulu abampofu Andrey Zhukovsky. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuhlela ingane onamakhono e isivakashi nendlu enhle, lapho okwaqala ithalente lakhe etemibhalo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, ngo-1799, emkhayeni okwazalelwa abampofu kodwa yizicukuthwane wekuvana wayeyisazi izincwadi Russian - Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-13 yena waba libhaliswe Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, lapho ezahlukene ejabule, Ukuthanda ukwelelesa ukuhlubuka, nenzondo ngokuphelele emikhakheni yesayensi zezibalo kanye nekhono ukudala yobuciko senkondlo.

amaziyo

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-17, u-Alexander ihlangana ne Vasiliem Andreevichem, owayeneminyaka ngokuvamile eya Tsarskoye Selo, kwaba ezwana nama- umndeni Pushkin , futhi kwaba khona abangu-salon edume kakhulu kwezincwadi dolobha.

Phakathi nale nkathi, Aleksandr Pushkin abadumile kakade ngoba eziningi zezinkondlo, kuyilapho Zhukovsky lokusungula isezingeni Selilonke: ngeke ufunde funda waphuma kusihlwa, ukufunda izwi amavesi asankondlo izinguqulo. Vasily isivele eduze asebukhosini, futhi ujikeleza kumibuthano eliphakeme.

Yini ndawonye eduze abantu enjalo ebonakala ehlukile, Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin, bobudala obungefani, isimo sezenhlalo umsebenzi? Mhlawumbe uthando izincwadi zokuqala nokuzwela isitayela senkondlo. Pushkin yayifundwa Zhukovsky, wayengumhlali fan ezizinikele yakhe, futhi Vasily wakwazi ngokushesha ubone ithalente esankondlo umngane wakhe osemusha futhi abanonya. Wabona naye ekusaseni okukhulu.

izithakazelo ezivamile

Uthando kwezincwadi nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izithakazelo ezivamile futhi izihloko ingxoxo. Pushkin kanye Zhukovsky nabazali bakhe waqala ukuya ophilayo Karamzin Batiushkov nabanye abalobi owaziwa. Kanye nomngani wakhe omdala, waba ilungu Umbuthano "Arzamas", lapho afundela khona izinkondlo, wabhala futhi hlabelela izinkondlo, ligcwaliswe ku amakhono etemibhalo. ubudlelwane Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin baba efudumele kakhudlwana futhi nginethemba. Umehluko yobudala akazange Ukuvimbela lokhu ubungani: ekuhlakanipheni nasolwazini elilodwa njalo kaningi kwasiza kwadambisa nentshiseko of bobusha omunye.

umdlalo yokudala

umsebenzi Zhukovsky sika yaziwa kithi ngezindlela eziningi ngenxa yezinganekwane yakhe. Pushkin azi- umfundi ka Vasily, ngoba inganekwane yakhe yezinganekwane faka Alexander abasha ukudala yobuciko zabo.

Ngo-1831, ngemva sokuthunjelwa kwakhe Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin wethula umngane wakhe "inganekwane futhi umPristi futhi Thim yakhe Balda" nezinye imidwebo eziningana. Zhukovsky kuyancomeka umsebenzi wami futhi bacela ukujoyina mncintiswano yamahlaya. Umbango ezazikhathaza Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin ukubhala yezinganekwane wendabuko isitayela. Kwakukhona edumile "Tale of Tsar Saltan nendodana yakhe Guidon ..." nesithi "Tale of the Dead Princess ..." Pushkin futhi Zhukovsky tale "Inkosi Berende" nesithi "Sleeping iNkosazana." Ukuqhathanisa Pushkin futhi Zhukovsky ngalesi sikhathi kuholela umcabango wokuthi Vasily ithobela kwaseNtshonalanga kokuthanda (phela ngesisekelo yezinganekwane yakhe - imisebenzi abalobi European kanye motifs babo bezothando zigcinwa), no-Aleksandru kuletha endalweni yakhe umlingisi Russian ngempela futhi yezinganekwane yakhe kakhulu ukukhumbuza abantu.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Pushkin ukuletha enkantolo yakhe lehlakaniphile nalekhombisa kutsi umngani inkondlo "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila". Futhi wathola ephendula isipho - isithombe V A. Zhukovskogo okudweba nombhalo othi "Winner of umfundi yathishela isiphukuphuku". Ngalesi Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin ukuqedela Duel yakhe yobuciko.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkondlo "Ruslan futhi Ludmila" Pushkin osemncane kuvunyelwe kwayena ukubayisigebengu uthisha wakhe kanti ezinye imishwana kuhle caustic, lokho wazisola kakhulu eminyakeni yakhe ovuthiwe.

ubungane beqiniso

ngemva Kuyo yonke iminyaka ama bahlangana, futhi kuze kube ukufa Pushkin Zhukovsky owawuqondene, insizwa eyayingumngane wakhe uhlobo umsindisi (noma isilondolozi?). Uyisififane, ukucasuka futhi ngezinye izikhathi Alexander ngqo singena izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, kodwa Vasily ohlakaniphile nakwezombusazwe wakwazi ukuthola indlela kunoma isiphi isimo ngaye.

Lapho 1820 inkosi yabantwana okunganambitheki izinkondlo umugqa futhi epigrams abukhali Pushkin ulungele ukuthumela eSiberia, Zhukovsky, Karamzin, nabanye abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola kufanele isilinganiso okubuhlungu kangaka itsetfwe ukuhumusha iye eningizimu yezwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Alexander wakwazi ukugcina isevisi kanye nesimo nomphakathi.

Zhukovsky sefika futsi kwabakhona kanzima ngo-1824, lapho kunengxabano enkulu noyise imbongi ezisengozini imithetho, futhi lokhu uyoqhubeka kwayibhebhethekisa kakade hhayi isikhundla sakhe nenzuzo kakhulu. Ngenxa amakhono nakwezombusazwe Alexander futhi wabona umusa yenkosi, wabuyela kubantu abavelele emphakathini.

Ngo-1825, sibonga ithonya lakhe esigodlweni Vasily wasiza bathethelele Pushkin, owayebizwa abasolwa ngokuba nesandla kwavukelwa we Decembrists.

It Zhukovsky phakathi abangane embalwa ethembekile okungenzeka ukuthi iningi Ningamuki Pushkin ngesikhathi sokuthunjelwa kwakhe Mikhailovskoye. Futhi kunoma iyiphi nezimo ezinzima naye wakwazi ukugcina okungenani incwadi.

Zhukovsky - umngane Pushkin sika owayehlala eduzane futhi eminyakeni zenjabulo, futhi ngesikhathi inhlekelele, akazange ashiye nasekuguleni ngisho lapho esezokufa.

Pushkin ka Zhukovsky

Alexander ezikhulekelwa umngane akhe ahlakaniphile kusukela eminyakeni lyceum. Naphezu kokungazi mncintiswano zabo ezingathí sina, Pushkin njalo kubonakala Zhukovsky, uthisha kanye nekucela umeluleki. Paradigmatic amayunithi wezinhlamvu steel eyodwa izinkondlo:

izinkondlo zakhe ovusa ubumnandi

Kuzothatha eminyaka ibanga nomona ...

"Shower waseZulwini" - ngakho ngokufudumele futhi babembiza Alexander umngane wakhe amthandayo, futhi ezincwadini zakhe uvame ukubizwa kuye kuphela ngokuthi "umnakekeli ingelosi."

Zhukovsky Pushkin

Mayelana Vasily ukuba insizwa eyayingumngane wakhe wayengalokothi ngisho nokusikisela ukuzehlisa, naphezu babengalingani ngeminyaka futhi isikhundla emphakathini. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi iminyaka yobudala nobuhlobo kudlalwa kungekho indima - is ngakho eduze ngokomzwelo bengamadoda ezimbili. Zhukovsky kuyancomeka njengoba izimfanelo siqu ka-Aleksandru isipho sakhe senkondlo. Namanje esikoleni eseneminyaka kude inkazimulo yakhe, ugqozi, umhlahlandlela, utshelwa - kuze waze waba ukuthi umfundi uvelile uthisha.

ukufa imbongi sika

iminyaka 1936-1937 Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Ukubukeka Georges d'Anthes, ukuziphatha engenangqondo Natalia bafazi umphakathi okusezingeni eliphezulu nozungu, ukunyundela epigrams wokwedelela ziqondiswe umndeni Pushkin, bezama nodumo unkosikazi ... Isimo sishubile usuku ngalunye oludlulayo.

Kwakusobala ukuthi omunye umgomo - ukuyithukuthelisa imbongi irascible a Duel. It Zhukovsky lokukholisa kakhulu wathonyelwa Alexander ungathumeli incwadi esingihlambalazayo nesitha sakhe, ngoba ke Duel kwakuyoba ngenakugwemeka. It Zhukovsky bamncenga ukuba silondoloze ngokuhlakanipha nangokuqonda ukuba singaweli ukucunula.

It Zhukovsky wenza ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa endlini kwi Moika imbongi elambulala (abungafaniko nesifiso sokuvikela owesifazane uyabathanda bonke okufanayo yabusa ukwahlulela).

Ukudalelwa wadlala ihlaya elibi: lokuzalwa V A. Zhukovskogo, January 29, kwakuwusuku ngokufa abathembekile akhe kanye nomngani wakhe othandekayo ...

Vasily sasiwukufa ecasukile kakhulu umfundi wakhe nomngani, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi wayazi ukuthi washona omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi imbongi enkulu.

Ngemva kokufa imbongi, efana ingelosi umqaphi, Zhukovsky waphinda babasiza kakade ongasekho umngane, wathola ukuze aphinde acabange futhi ulethe umbusi zonke izinhlamvu Pushkin, okokuqala ukuthi abawulalelanga umthetho futhi zilethwe ngasese ukuba umkakhe - Natalia Nikolaevna.

Zhukovsky futhi Pushkin - samuntu ubungane spiritualized, ubudlelwano, elingenalo ezazizozuzisa, eyakhelwe izithakazelo ezivamile, uthando kwezincwadi nokulangazelela basizane ezimweni ezinzima.