Uyini lesifunda zamanzi?

Mhlawumbe akekho bangase baphikise ngokuthi kubantu lowo ezibaluleke kakhulu izinhlelo ezimbili oxhumene - igazi futhi lymph. Mayelana zonke isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi licacile: ke lucwaningo zokuthutha umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide, izakhi kanye nemikhiqizo umzimba okukhiphayo kusukela izinso, ngesikhumba, ngamaphaphu kanye nezinye izitho, kodwa futhi thermoregulation ezinegazi elifudumele .. Ngakho, ukuze overestimate ukubaluleka kwayo empilweni umzimba akunakwenzeka, kodwa hhayi kangako, okubaluleke, futhi uhlelo lymph. Lymph - ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi, futhi lesi simiso yakhelwe lymph amanzi, ukugcinwa homeostasis, ubuyise igazi lymphocyte futhi iqhaza amasosha omzimba humoral kanye neselula. uhlelo lymph siqukethe zamanzi nezitsha, okuyinto zihlelwe zaba lesifunda zamanzi.

Uhlelo lymph

Yonke iqoqo izakhiwo kohlelo umelwe inethiwekhi branched imithambo (kuma-capillary, iziqu, Amapayipi), lapho kukhona lwezimpawu eziningi - ISIZINDA zesifunda noma lesifunda. Njengoba uketshezi Uhlelo kwegazi emzimbeni, uhlelo lymph unesibopho Ukuhoxiswa amanzi izinhlayiya zingaxazululeki, colloidal futhi isixazululo okwesikhashana kwezicubu. Esikhathini lymphonodes lesifunda accumulations lymphocyte abhubhise izinto eziyingozi yokugcwalisa mzimba (zokuzivikela) umsebenzi.

Lymph node ohlelweni

Lymph node - lokhu kumiswa ezicacile zomzimba umbala pink, soft futhi nokunwebeka ngesikhathi palpation. Ngokuvamile, izinso emise, ubude amamilimitha angu 0.5 ku-50. Izindlala zamanzi isendaweni eyodwa noma ngamaqembu, futhi izingxenye ezibalulekile yokwakheka komzimba. Basuke izimpawu kwamangqamuzana ngabanye, kodwa ngeminyaka ISIZINDA engumakhelwane kungaba uhlangane. ISIZINDA ukuthi kuyizinto zokuqala endleleni izitsha lymph uhlelo, ethwele lymph kusukela emnyangweni othile noma i-ejensi (region), wabhekisela zesifunda, noma lesifunda zamanzi.

Lymph node umuntu

Isibalo "izihlungi" enjalo emzimbeni ngamunye, kodwa isilinganiso sabo kuka-400 no 1000. Ukuze uqonde lapho lesifunda lymph node, kuzosiza isikimu elandelayo.

Lymph node kukho konke ukuphila komuntu ihlelwe kabusha, eshintsha isimo sabo futhi isakhiwo. Njengoba bekhula, inombolo yabo kuyehla izikhathi 1.5-2, bangase ahlanganisiwe noma sithathelwe indawo sezicubu zezinzwa futhi okunamafutha. ISIZINDA babe esingaweleki for lymph kanye yoma. Ngakho, izinga ukuncipha amasosha omzimba kanye ukumelana jikelele izifo kalula.

nemisebenzi lymph node

Ngaphezu kwalokho zokuhlunga, uphiko kohlelo lymph yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• kumiswa oqondile kwezimpendulo mzimba (ukukhiqizwa T-lymphocyte futhi phagocytes);
• aqueous nokugcina homeostasis;
• amanzi we uketshezi interstitial;
• iqhaza umzimba ebalulekile amaphrotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate.

Izinhlobo lesifunda lymph node

Amaqembu lymph node ahlelwe ukuze uvimbele indlela ukutheleleka. Thola amaqembu elandelayo lesifunda lymph node:

• mediastinal (thoracic);
• bronhopulmonologicheskie;
• indololwane kanye popliteal;
• ubende;
• paraortalnye;
• bryzzheykovye.
• iliac;
• inguinal futhi femoral.

Ukwanda lesifunda lymph node eyabonisa enkingeni kuleyo ndawo "Amasevisi" iyunithi, okuyinto inkomba e izifo.

Isakhiwo se-node-lymph

Anatomically, isakhiwo has a isakhiwo Lobed. engeyokuqala ngamunye imbozwe zezinzwa izicubu capsule. Brain (zangaphandle) no- (yangaphakathi) impahla ihlukaniswe trabeculae cortical noma ezivundlile.

I medulla iqukethe follicle, lapho B lymphocyte ibhekane nokuvuthwa kanye kwamangqamuzana ka antigen. Cortex iqukethe ikakhulukazi T-lymphocyte ukuthi lapha, futhi, uvuthwe futhi umahluko. Lymph node elakhiwe amasosha omzimba ukuba antigen amazwe angaphandle, okuyinto kuletha ngendlela sinusoidal lymph mapayipi. Ebusweni-camera Amapayipi macrophage emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa inkinga - ukubhujiswa lezinto alien.

Ezindaweni lapho emnyango isitsha lymph has umbono - emasangweni. Amaphilisi Sine - izimbotshana ekhethekile phakathi capsule futhi crossbeams - lymph ingena cortex capsule futhi medulla, angena portal futhi zibe itheku outputting isitsha. Lapho edlula isakhiwo engeyokuqala ehlungiwe lymph.

Izinhlobo lymph node

Evamile, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu izakhiwo idatha:

• ukuphendula Rapid lapho cortex endaweni ezincane kuno ubuchopho. Egcwele ngokushesha okukhulu.
• isakhiwo Compact noma impendulo kancane - cortex aminingi ukudlula palsy.
• ESigabeni leSisemkhatsini - kokubili izinto (cortex nobuchopho) ethulwa esilinganayo.

I predominance ngazinye uhlobo oluthile lesifunda izindlala zamanzi abantu kuxhomeke kakhulu ukusebenza yokwelapha abantu abanomdlavuza.

Ukulimala isakhiwo

Encwadini umzimba uphilile,-lymph akuzona buhlungu futhi cishe palpable. Uma lesifunda lymph node kukhona lakhulisiwe, kuba eyabonisa Isimo esibi esifundeni lapho lesi sakhiwo elibhekisela kuwo. Ukwandisa ubukhulu nokuba nesisa endleleni endaweni indawo kungase kubonise khona izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (i-herpes, isimungumungwana ne-rubella) noma zezinzwa izicubu iziyaluyalu (isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, rheumatism). lesion ejulile lesifunda izindlala zamanzi ebonwe nenkinga yokuvuvukala kwezicubu, lifangiome, lymphosarcoma, lymphadenitis, isifo sofuba negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, futhi esikhathini esizayo ye izilonda umdlavuza kwezitho ahlukahlukene. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ukukhathazeka, kufanele sifune usizo lodokotela. Ukuze sitholakele isimo ucwaningo olunembile kakhulu namuhla US lymph lesifunda ISIZINDA.

Lapho ukufuna usizo lodokotela

Ukwanda iyunithi - isizathu ukubona udokotela (kwezokugoma, izifo ezithathelwanayo, Oncology). Kodwa ningatatazeli - kaningi kulesi simo sihlotshaniswa lesion ezithathelwanayo, ingasaphathwa nomdlavuza.

• Lapho ubovu ukuvuvukala emisipheni amagciwane isilonda ufake-lymph, okubangela lymphadenitis - acute ukuvuvukala. Uma ungenalo ukuvula engeyokuqala iqhubeka angagcina cellulitis - isimo esibucayi futhi ukudabuka we-node-lymph.
• Izindlela ezihlukahlukene sofuba njalo abangela ukuvuvukala zamanzi ( "yenkosi okubi" okuthiwa) avame endaweni entanyeni.
• ISIZINDA kungase kwandise phakathi isifo Bartonella abangela izifo ikati ekuqaleni. Abathwali igciwane amakati. Ukwanda amayunithi namanxeba okungezona ephulukisa kufanele wazise abazali.
• Kaningi, izindlala zamanzi ukwandisa ne-SARS ngenxa ukulwa somzimba negciwane ahlaselayo. On amayunithi yokutakula futhi ukubuya evamile.
• Kundawo inguinal ukwanda ISIZINDA ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ugcunsula).

Ngaphezu kokuqondisa ultrasound, udokotela angase ubheke isiguli ephelele kakhulu segazi, immunogram, ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kanye lesifunda lymph node wokubhoboza endaweni ethintekile.

Uzothini US

inhlolovo Esifike Ngesikhathi and qualitative inquma ukwelashwa impumelelo ngezindlela eziningi futhi ungagcina impilo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi impilo isiguli. Ucwaningo luveza izinguquko engeyokuqala ukwakheka kwezicubu, iziyaluyalu kwegazi, izilonda kwasendaweni, izicubu ukuminyana echo. Esifundweni ziyabhekelelwa futhi ezihlobene zimpawu: Ukugodola, umzimba ukuqaqamba, ukuqwasha, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ubuhlungu bekhanda. Ukunemba Imiphumela ultrasound inhlolovo impela high. Amaphutha ukutolika kungenzeka kubangelwa yokubakhona ithumba noma isimila endaweni yocwaningo. Esimweni esinjalo, liqoke luhlolo ezengeziwe: imaging noma biopsy. Ultrasound ukuhlola-lymph ayinakho Izimo, akusho irradiate hhayi ezilimazayo empilweni.

Regional lymph node webele

Uhlelo lymph kwebele amelela neminyango phakathi nomzimba nangaphandle kwalo. Uhlelo yangaphakathi imelelwa izicubu okunamafutha, ama-capillary nelungile webele parenchyma. Lesifunda lymph node kukhona webele axillary, subclavian futhi parasternal zamanzi. Ukwandisa axillary ISIZINDA kanye ukuntula kwabo ngesisa - ngaphezulu uphawu okwethusayo kuka khona edema futhi kubuhlungu palpation. ukuvuvukala Buhlungu e ISIZINDA ukhombise ukuqala Ukudlulela izimila ebulalayo.

lymph Regional nodes yegilo

Amasayithi lesifunda baphathe ISIZINDA yegilo entanyeni lezo zitholakala emva breastbone. Ukuvuvukala iqala okwandisa node ukuvuvukala nesisa ukuze palpation. Kulokhu, ingozi yokutheleleka noma Ukudlulela oluthile lomdlavuza ukusondela esiyingozi ebuchosheni.

Ukusabalala umdlavuza izimila

Umdlavuza amaseli ukusakaza emzimbeni ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• indlela hematogenous (imithambo yegazi);
• indlela lymphogenous (ngokusebenzisa imigudu ye-lymph, izindlala zamanzi ngokusebenzisa);
• indlela okuxubile.

Lymph node entanyeni - umgoqo main izifo kanye izimila ikhanda; ISIZINDA ikhwapha ukuvikela amabele, izingalo, izindwani ehlombe. Ukuvuvukala ISIZINDA inguinal kungase kubonise ukuvuvukala ezikhiqiza amaqanda, ugcunsula, futhi coleitis nesifo, appendicitis nesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga. Lapho ukuvuvukala kule ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo ne lip umdlavuza, emhlathini noma ulimi kwandisa submandibular zamanzi. Umdlavuza izimila kule besisu lymph node metastases ukunikeza imisipha sternocleidomastoid.

Umdlavuza kanye lymph

Lokho ukwanda lymph lesifunda ongahlulela labo ezigabeni zokuqala komdlavuza. Ezweni of Oncology ku ngokwempilo yangenyama namuhla, yesibili pathologies zenhliziyo. I-World Health Organization ibikezela ukwanda izikhathi 2 lokufa kusukela pathologies ebulalayo kule engamashumi amabili ezayo. Nazi amaqiniso ambalwa ukuthi babeshaye esikhonkosini.

Mayelana 25% azo zonke amacala umdlavuza kubangelwa ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B no womuntu papilloma virus.

Ingxenye yesithathu ka ukubulawa umdlavuza exhumene imithombo wezokudla ingozi. Lokhu ukukhuluphala, mancane amathuba okuba izithelo nemifino ekudleni, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, utshwala nogwayi ukubhema.

Phakathi pathologies oncological ehola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, mlandeleni yena, nomdlavuza wesibindi, ikholoni kanye ingemuva, isisu umdlavuza webele.

Izinkomba eliphakeme yokufa besilisa maphakathi kanye nasempumalanga Europe, nabesifazane basemathubeni amaningi okuthi babulawe umdlavuza ngo empumalanga Afrika.

Ngokwe-WHO, unyaka ngamunye izingane ezingaphezu kuka-200,000 yizifo oncological emhlabeni.

Impilo - Ziyisipho esingenakuqhathaniswa awukwazi ukuthenga noma aboleke. Wonke umuntu ofisa ematasa futhi anesikhundla ethile yomphakathi, ubophekile ukuba unakekele impilo yakho. Namuhla ukuze ube nempilo - kuyinto evamile, kumelwe kube njalo ku mkhuba. Ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca nokwenzeka, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi - konke lokhu ngeke bagule, futhi ukusekela umzimba wakho. Nokho, ngezinye izimpawu zokuqala zesifo kohlelo lymph kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela asikisele. ukufinyelela esifike ngesikhathi, izinga wokuhlola kanye okuyikona - ukhiye eyinhloko yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ukubuyela impilo enhle futhi baphile isikhathi eside.