Uyini iphepha carbon

Bureaucracy eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Uma ngesikhathi kumbiwa okutheni eGibhithe satholakala ezibhebheni zobumba eziningi ezinkulu nge etheksthini lefanako. Ukushintsha Lapho ushumayela uthando lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala izigqila.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ubuchwepheshe lapho eseqala ukuveza ikhophi yephepha, yomthetho Okthoba 7, 1806 e-UK. Leli phephandaba kwaba bemave lamabili, ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali-inki. Ukusungulwa zibuye laziwa kahle "carbon paper" URalph Wedgwood fanele.

Esikhathini 1820s, ikhophi yephepha ngesisekelo umule waqala ukukhiqiza ngezinga ezimbonini. Isiqongo ukuthandwa kwakhe wangena-70, lapho kwaqala ukuvela ngobuningi babo imishini yokubhala. Esikhathini enamathela waqala ngokungeza mastic ukuthi ugwema amaphutha izinguqulo ezandulele - konke ukungcola, lapho Wathintwa. Ngaphambi kokufika imishini ukukopisha yesimanje (imishini yokukopisha, ifeksi) i-carbon paper yayidumile kakhulu. Namuhla akusiyo ethandwa kangaka, futhi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ibhizinisi izingubo.

Carbon ngephepha kwabantu aphansi. Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi ibangwa ungqimba Umbala, esiza ukuthola ngokubhala, ukunyathelisa noma ukudweba amakhophi amaningi. Ishidi selibekiwe phakathi ezivamile iphepha Umbala ungqimba phansi. Lapho ebhalela eshidini ibekwe phezulu, ngenxa ngokucindezela isibambo Umbala izinhlayiya adluliselwe eshidini itshalwe ngezansi ipulani.

Nale iphepha, ungakwazi ukuthola amakhophi amadokhumende ahlukahlukene. Namuhla wakhipha izinto ezikhethekile ukukhanya-sensitive, kukhona futhi ukushintshashintsha yalo, eyenzelwe sithuthukiswe Ngokuphambene amapulani.

Futhi, manje kukhona phototechnical Reflex ikhophi yephepha okwangempela kusuka emugqeni (olulodwa futhi double) endaweni ukukopisha othintana naye. Kwakukhona fotostatnye izinto ukukhanya-sensitive (negative, positive) ukuze athole amakhophi kusuka emugqeni futhi isigamu-ithoni okwangempela amakhophi. Omunye umbono - fotokalka, okuyinto esetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhophi okwangempela ibha usebenzisa contact ukunyathelisa futhi lelivakalako. Iphinde isetshenziselwe thermoset-carbon paper reflex ukufanisana e ezishisayo (infrared) imisebe futhi thermally uthumele isithombe ephepheni plain. Photosemiconductor ukukopisha izinto kunyatheliswa phezu kobuso nomzimba omncane Semiconductor ungqimba photoactive esekelwe zinc oxide.

Ihhovisi ikhophi yephepha, okuyinto ungakwazi ukuthenga ezitolo eziningi, has yokugqama izithombe. Isikhathi sokwenza amakhophi kungase kudingeke imizuzwana embalwa ukuze iminithi noma ngaphezulu. Ekucubungululeni yabo ubuchwepheshe (fixing, ukubonisa, njll) Futhi isikhathi okugcinwe amakhophi njengoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlobo ephepheni.

Ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhophi nephepha ethafeni, hhayi ziphathwe sengathi indlela kontaktno- noma i-matrix-engokomfanekiso ukukopisha, kanye kabusha le yokuqala esebenzisa ukuphrinta amakhono offset.