Umthamo "747", uhlelo ingaphakathi, izindawo ezingcono

Ngaphambi kokufika emakethe giant European "A-380", indiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwaba "747" komthamo salon, ukuba ngqo, 2-umgibeli onezitezi, zaba abantu abangaphezu kuka-500. Njengezinye izinkampani ezindizeni, umkhumbi kwavele ukulungiswa eziningana, kodwa umehluko omkhulu aliguquki. Plane iqukethe 2 onezitezi, ekhaleni yokuqala, 4 izinjini, kanye umthamo elikhulu abagibeli.

Le ndiza kwaba airliner lokuqala widebody, okuyinto babehlele kuphela yezimpahla. Waqala ukuthuthukisa ngonyaka ngemuva kokuqala inguqulo ukukhiqizwa 737, kwaphumela nasezifundweni izindiza ngokuyinhloko entsha kuhlulekile. Nokho, lokhu akudingekile. Izwe lonke ukubukela ukuthuthukiswa izindiza leSupersonic, ngakho "747" ayenesizathu amathuba asele indiza wezimpahla. Ikakhulukazi version wezimpahla of abanikeze asebenza nabo esitezi sesibili. It ekuqaleni yahlela ukushiya emphemeni sesibili abagibeli, kuyilapho esitezi sokuqala wanikezwa ngokuphelele ngaphansi gumbi umthwalo. Four injini indiza futhi wathola i-umthamo omkhulu.

izindiza lokuqala

Naphezu kobunzima babantu base tetimali, airliner ububanzi-umzimba owokuqala wathatha ucime 1970. Njengoba indiza kwaba umgibeli, emphemeni ongaphezulu enkonzweni, futhi bonke abagibeli phezu okuvame isimiso kwezinye izindiza. Umthamo "747" isampula lokuqala kwaba abantu 200 kuphela, kodwa uma siqhathanisa nge imodeli 737-th, zikhululwe ngonyaka ofanayo futhi wathatha ebhodini abantu 100, kuvela kabili umehluko.

bazihluphe liner entsha kakhulu nezilima isikhundla "Concord" - European izindiza leSupersonic: abathwali Abaningi baye elibuyekeziwe oda yabo futhi umkhankaso "747" waqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Ngesisekelo ibhanoyi lokuqala baqala ukunyathelisa ezimbalwa ezenezelwe. Eyokuqala yasungulwa esiphathiswa Japanese, oda kwaba phezu izindiza short-range. Imphendvulo umyalelo we-Japanese steel version 747-100SR. Le nguqulo ine fuselage ethuthukisiwe, amathangi ezincane, lapho umthamo izindiza liye landa kakhulu. "Boeing 747-100SR» wakwazi ukuthatha ebhodini 500, bese 550 abantu. Kamuva, okufanayo ukuguqulwa - izindiza flying at uhla close, uzothola nokuthuthukiswa 747-300.

nezinye ukulungiswa

Naphezu oda esikhulayo version umgibeli, "Boeing" akazange ukushiya izinhlelo zokuqala ukwenziwa ndiza commercial. Ngakho uvele nokulungiswa ezilandelayo: F - samuntu kwezohwebo, M - Combi zinethuba ukuthatha abagibeli ezimbalwa, kodwa ngaphezulu wemithwalo B - chassis ngcono (i-inguqulo yokuqala) kanye amathangi (kamuva). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zakudala "ebhodini ezimbili №1» for ukuthutha umengameli US sebuqoqiwe ngesisekelo 747-200.

Ukuguqulwa 200 wakhonza njengephayona prototype isizukulwane esilandelayo - 300, umehluko kuphela okwakufanele khona izinjini ezintathu esikhundleni indinganiso ezine. Kodwa lesi sinqumo kabahlalanga - "Boeing 747-300" isibe brand liner entsha.

"Boeing 747-300"

Omunye izici izindiza ezintsha isibe ezitebhisini ngqo esitezi sesibili (owawukusebenzisela Kuvunguza), enwetshiwe emphemeni ongaphezulu, eyenzelwe umnotho noma ibhizinisi ekilasini, kanye nekhono ziyahlukahluka inani lezihlalo. Umthamo "Boeing 747-300" zokhahlamba kusuka 400 (operation namakilasi amathathu) kuze kufinyelele abantu 600 lapho eyodwa kuphela ikilasi yesevisi isetshenziswa.

Eyokuqala 300-th "Boeing" landizela ngo-1980 futhi ngokushesha waba omunye Balisebenzisa kakhulu. Ngaphambi 2005 (ngowokuqala Take-off "A-380"), lokhu ukuguqulwa ayebhekwa imodeli best of the main eside liner, kodwa wabonisa nemiphumela ethile engathandeki abalulekile.

izinkinga yokusebenza

Kanye ukwanda kwenani abagibeli baba nobunzima kule msebenzi. Elikhulu kunawo wonke "747", okuyinto ekhula umthamo, saphela zivumelana kwemigomo zezindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezine motor ngokumelene izimbangi ezintathu izindiza uhlobo DC-10 kwakusho okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol. Nangezinto nokuqala kwezinkinga zokuwa komnotho ngo-1970, izinkampani amaningi enqaba ukusebenza imodeli 747-th, ngenxa unprofitability yayo. Uma sikhumbula ukuthi cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo langena emakethe, "767" futhi "Airbus-300" (kokubili ne izinjini ezimbili), cishe ngokushesha wasithatha emakethe izindiza eziningi enamandla, le 747 th baba ukuthatha izikhundla zabo. Nakuba amandla indiza "Boeing 747" kwaba namanje omunye izindiza ezinkulu wokuqala waqala ukuba bayihlole le nguqulo version wezimpahla, futhi kamuva nje ukuthengisa.

Aircraft isikhathi eside-hola izindiza

Futhi mhlawumbe enye indiza futhi babehamba phansi emlandweni, kodwa isibalo abagibeli avunyelwe ukukhula ukuhlala phakathi kwababusi izindiza grade "747". Umthamo we abagibeli liner kwahlangabezana afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye UK naseJapane, ingasaphathwa yokuthi izindiza ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside hola izindiza InterContinental noma okusezingeni eliphezulu umthwalo imigqa.

Ikusasa imodeli 747-th

With ukuthuthukiswa zezindiza, abathwali eziningi kunesidingo e amathuba izindiza eside ngaphandle refueling, ngokuqondene lapho onjiniyela waphinda wasiphakamisa "747". Umthamo abagibeli izinguqulo ezintsha lafinyelela abantu 800. indiza range iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ngaphambilini ekhishwa imodeli 747-400. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu izindiza 747-500 namaphrojekthi 747-600 waya ingobo yomlando. Abathwali like izindiza ezintsha kunokuba nokuthuthukela endala. Noma kunjalo, ku-developers 747th ungakhohlwa: ke Zaklanywa ngobunyoninco, ivaliwe futhi inobuntu obuhle. Lokhu kwaqhubeka ngaze 2005. Ekugcineni, ngemva "787", lo Corporation wamemezela "747" imodeli ukubuya. Umshini omusha uthola igama ikhodi "I-Boeing 747-8", noma ethuthukile.

Abathwali, akhumbula impumelelo ezingabazisayo izinguqulo lokuqala 747, ekuqaleni ngaphambilini izimoto 109 - ingxenye yesithathu yazo esikhathini yokubhalisa umgibeli. Abanye babedinga e samuntu wezimpahla. Ubude 121 umshini yaqaphela kuze kube manje. Umthamo "Boeing 747-8" hhayi emangalisa - abantu 581 usebenzisa 2 amakilasi yesevisi. Uma usebenzisa amakilasi inkonzo ezintathu (ne ukwengeza ekilasini lokuqala) izihlalo sehliselwe 400.

izindawo eziphezulu

Isihloko sikhombisa ejwayelekile emithathu isigaba isakhiwo phezu yezindiza indiza "Lufthansa" (Germany). Liner has a izindawo ezimbalwa ekilasini lokuqala - Esitezi ngaphansi abanikeze asebenza nabo, nge izihlalo 80 business class nezihlalo cishe 300 emnothweni. I umthamo isamba "Boeing 747-8" kule lungiselelo izihlalo 386.

Ngezinye ekilasini lokuqala izikhalazo kwakungelona - eningi isikhala, banayo ikhono kahle abangu abagibeli, isihlalo ngamunye isikrini sakho siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho wahlela phambi okukhiphayo, amakhabethe kanye lavatories. umugqa wokuqala lezihlalo business class futhi nakuba ivulekile, kodwa iyangena ukwahlukanisa, ngoba lapho kukhona izindlu zangasese kanye ekhishini ukuthi ungakha ezinye ngokuphazamiseka. Armchairs 9c futhi 9H kukhona iseduze yezinto kanye nezindlu zangasese. zinkingana kungalindeleka futhi abagibeli 81 th-88 th uchungechunge (esitezi sesibili, uchungechunge nesibongo). Weshumi abagibeli irowu kuyodingeka yonke indiza ukubheka ukwahlukanisa phambi kwakhe, okuyinto Yiqiniso, ngempela ungakhululekile. ekilasini Zamabhizinisi abantu -6 emgceni, kuyilapho isabelo sabo maqembu amabili wawusuka khona.

Eshibhile iqala inombolo yemigqa 16 futhi 18. uchungechunge nesithupha has izihlalo 6 kuphela. Njengoba sazi ukuthi akukho umgibeli phambi kwabo, izakhamuzi kulolu chungechunge eyanele etholakalayo, futhi yini wenze ukuphila kwakhe engozini ukuze uzithole isicupho wadala esihlalweni zenzeka ehlezi phambi indoda. Kuyefana nasendleleni esigabeni maphakathi emugqeni 18th. inombolo Twentieth itholakala eduze exit eziphuthumayo - lokhu kuchaza ukuntuleka amafasitela. Abagibeli esigabeni maphakathi kulolu chungechunge abakwazi ukuthatha evundlile, njengoba kususwa udonga lwangemuva zangasese. imigqa 21-22-th wokuphindaphinda ilungiselelo lemigqa abale 16-18, ngaphandle kokuthi ngazo emgqeni 21 th kuzo zonke izihlalo ezine, hhayi ebiyelwe nyá ukuphumula. Kukhona inala indawo imilenze, le ethile kuphela: eziningana kweminyango eziphuthumayo. Isigaba phakathi, okungukuthi 32 nomugqa 33th kuyinto kususwa udonga lwangemuva, ngakho ngeke bakwazi uphumule futhi ulale. Zonke izihlalo yochungechunge 34 th babe phambi ukwahlukanisa, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ibe ncane. imigqa 45-47-th ku nomsila we indiza, ngakho kukhona kungenzeka iminyene. I ngeshwa kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi uqambe irowu 49 th, njengoba bokwenza okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, khona ngokugcwele kulo mkhakha.

isiphetho

Umthamo "747" uthuthukise kusuka version kuya version, kodwa, ngokuvumelana abathwali kanye nabasebenzisi oqondile indiza, nakuba lidinga fuel, kodwa ezindizeni onqamula nyama. isiqinisekiso Serious zingaba yendiza British Airways, uthenge ngesikhathi kunezinkinga eMelika ngobukhulu "747" sinesikhundla yabantu abangafika ku-500. Isibalo lesi sigaba imishini in izimoto yenkampani okwamanje simi ku amayunithi 57.