A380 - indiza. izindiza Modern. Kungakanani iyona "Airbus A380"

A380 - indiza, okuyinto wasebenza phezu ukudalwa Airbus SAS Iqembu ochwepheshe Kuyinto umgibeli airliner esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lo mkhumbi ifinyelela ukuphakama 24,08 m futhi 72,75 m ubude. Aircraft iphiko span kuyinto 79,75 m in ukumisa odnoklassovoy, kungaba bebanga abagibeli 853 ezintathu-class -. 525. Umkhawulo ayimi indiza ibanga -. 15 400 ayizinkulungwane Km.

Labor abadali

Njengoba onjiniyela, kanye obukhulu kuhlangabezanwe e izinketho zosesho ukwehlisa isisindo emoyeni A380 isitsha. Le ndiza wakwazi ukwenza sibonga lula ukusetshenziswa ebanzi izinto esiyinhlanganisela ukudala hhayi kuphela wetincenye teluhlaka amandla, kodwa futhi izesekeli, design ingaphakathi nokuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalezo zinhloso lalisetshenziswa eziphambili kakhulu izixazululo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Ushintshe aluminium. Ngakho, u-40% nenqwaba isikhungo odinnadtsatitonnogo ukwenza carbon inhlanganisela. Ukuze kukhiqizwe hlangothi nakuloluya engenhla fuselage panel esetshenziswa hybrid impahla ukukhanya. Okuphawulekayo unciphise inani iziqobosho uvumele laser Welding, ambozwe futhi stringers engezansi iphaneli fuselage.

Airbus A380 - indiza, ukudalwa eyathatha iminyaka engaba yishumi. Izindleko yeprojekthi wokuvelela kwaba euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu nambili. Ngokusho abamele inkampani Airbus, ukuba leli nani kwaba nomvuzo, ukuthengisa amakhophi angamakhulu amane lamatshumi amabili indiza. Ngokusekelwe kulezi idatha, singakwazi ukubala ukuthi kubiza malini indiza. Inani umxhwele - 28 kwezigidi ezingu 571 ayizinkulungwane 428 euro ikhophi ngalinye ..

Indlela Bonke baqala

A380 - indiza, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukuthuthukisa nge le migomo elandelayo: ukunweba ububanzi imikhiqizo inkampani Airbus SAS bese ukuhambisa ne ehola Boeing-747 izikhundla. Inkhulumomphikiswano ekucushweni yokugcina izindiza zaphela ngo-2001, izingxenye lokuqala A380 iphiko izakhi zakhiqizwa Januwari 2002 Kulinganiselwa wokulungiselela, izindleko zohlelo kuhluka uhla 8.7 - 8.8-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane .. Ngemva inhlangano indiza yokuqala , leli nani lenyuka laya ku-11 billion (kamuva futhi luye lwaqinisa).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ukuklanywa imodeli A380F babe abasebenzi Airbus ECAR ubunjiniyela isikhungo eMoscow. Ngenxa yemizamo abaklami Russian kwaba yenqwaba umsebenzi umklamo izingxenye ngabanye we fuselage, izibalo amandla, esisogwini-ibhodi imishini futhi basekela ukwenziwa serial indiza.

Lapho izingxenye akhiqizwa kanjani they zithutha

Ochwepheshe eFrance, eJalimane, e-UK Spain sisebenza ukwakhiwa yezigaba ezisemqoka indiza. Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu kulezi zingxenye zilethwa Toulouse ngamanzi ezokuthutha ezweni. Ezinye izingxenye namanje uvumelane ku An-24.

Umsila kanye nekhala fuselage izakhi ro wezimpahla emkhunjini «Ville de Bordeaux» (okungewakho Airbus Ukukhathazeka) e Hamburg ukuya e-UK. Barge Mostyn zilethwe console amaphiko akhiqizwa Broughton futhi Filton. Kukhona lezi zinto zilayishwe ebhodini eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima «Ville de Bordeaux». Ngo Cádiz isitsha has izingxenye umsila futhi phansi kwesigaba fuselage. Zonke-ke behliswe Bordeaux. Ukusuka lapho, izakhi abamelwe ziphuthunyiswe Langon, bese zilethwe phansi e Toulouse. Kakade izindiza ababebuthene bathunyelwa Hamburg imishini yokugcina. A380 - indiza, edingekayo ukuze zimboze amalitha 3600 kapende (Imininingwane Plating endaweni - 3100 square metres).

ukuhlolwa

izindiza Modern ngaphambi ukukhululwa langempela phakathi izindiza kukhona isivivinyo ezimbi kakhulu. Iyathinteka kulokhu futhi imodeli A380. Ngokukhethekile izindiza amahlanu ezakhiwa ngokuhlola ukwahlukahlukana. Ibhodi eyokuqala Toulouse ngoJanuwari 2005, ngendiza yokuqala senziwe 27 Ephreli wonyaka ofanayo. Flight nezisebenzi wawunamalungu eziyisithupha eliholwa Jacques Rossi - i abanolwazi test umshayeli. touchdown eyimpumelelo livelile emva 3 ihora. 54 imiz. ngemva kokukhamba.

indiza yokuhlola uchungechunge wethulwa lokuqala ngo-December 2005. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho indiza ifinyelele ngesivinini esihlaba umxhwele 0,96 max e ifuna banciphise umfutho wamanzi engajulile.

A380 - indiza (. Ukubona isithombe ngenhla), Made indiza yayo yokuqala enqamula 10.01.2006 Ukuqala nyaka kwaphawula isimo kuqala ezingalindelekile: esivivinyweni static lendiza ifektri e Toulouse kungazelelwe eyodwa umkhumbi ubuthaphuthaphu, ayikwazi ukumelana umthwalo 145% we okuzisholo . Njengoba kuchazwe iziqondiso zezindiza ukuphepha, ubuqotho noma yiluphi ushintsho akufanele kwenzeke nomthwalo 150% isethi. Ngenxa yalokho kubaholi Airbus Consortium, kwanqunywa ukuba uchibiyele Umklamo kwamaphiko izindiza. Ngenxa kwalokho izakhi yokugcizelela isisindo isiyonke isakhiwo liye landa amathathu ikhilo, nane zazo ukulungisa imishudo.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba we A380 senye nge abagibeli ebhodini ubelokhu eqashelwa ngempumelelo yesine ngo-September 2006.

umklamo Izici

A 380 800 - ukuguqulwa okuhloswe ukuthutha abagibeli 555 noma 583 (kuye ngokuthi ukumiswa). Ngo-2007, i-Airbus sekuqalile ukunikela amakhasimende esibuthakathaka nge umthamo ephansi (izihlalo 525) esenana i anda indiza ibanga (ke ngingenza okwengeziwe ukuze 370 amakhilomitha). Lokhu ukuguqulwa kungenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe esiphezulu ukuhambisana Amathrendi ezokuthutha premium.

Kunenye ukuguqulwa Airbus ukubika. It A380-800F okufushane wezimpahla. Indiza uyakwazi ukuthwala ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amathani wezimpahla. Ububanzi esiphezulu 10.370 amakhilomitha.

Ngokuzayo sihlelwe ukukhiqiza jet airliner A380-900 ukulungiswa. Abazoyikhambisa umthamo ngaphezulu (abagibeli 656/960) ngobubanzi efanayo.

pilot Emsebenzini

Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko ukuqeqeshwa nezisebenzi ezengeziwe zonke Airbus esakhiwe okufanayo abanikeze asebenza nabo isakhiwo nokusingatha izici. A380 kuyahluka ngcono ingilazi izinga cab. Umkhumbi okungatholakala ukusetshenziswa ukude esebenzisa ngemoto kagesi, ezixhunywe ne ikhanda control ohlangothini. Egumbini labashayeli ezifakiwe isibonisi amadivayisi zamanje. Kuyinto ayisishiyagalolunye nezilandiso LCD ekhombisa yokulinganisa 20 ngo-15 amasentimitha. Amabili kula ma-ayizikhombisi idatha navigation, akubonisayo ezimbili ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana indiza, izinjini ezimbili bayatshelwa ngomsebenzi owodwa inikeza ulwazi mayelana nesimo samanje ohlelweni lonke. Labo abasele abanga-ngabaqaphi ezimbili kukhona Amatebhe.

Ukuze refueling izindiza angabhekwa ukusebenzisa ingxube igesi yemvelo kanye kaphalafini nge Indawo okuhlanginiswa khona amakhemikhali.

izinto zokwakha

Yeka ukuthi kuyinto indiza Airbus A380? euro angaphezu kuka-amabili nesishiyagalombili million. Isamba umxhwele adingekayo endizeni, kubangelwe ukusetshenziswa ngcono izinto esiyinhlanganisela ukwakhiwa, kuhlanganise plastic nensimbi, luqiniswe Silica, carbon namabhodlela zesivikelo sesifuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izindiza ze-aluminiyamu ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngokuhlangana nalokhu Welding laser kungabi nesidingo izipikili.

Baqinisekisa indiza ukhululekile

Njengoba izazi esungulwe kunomsindo kule gumbi we A380 kabili ngaphansana ku-Boeing-747. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kubhekwe izindiza emoyeni ingcindezi inakekelwa ezingeni eliphakeme. Zombili lezi zici zenzelwe ukunikeza ukukhathala engezansi abagibeli ngesikhathi indiza.

izitebhisi ezimbili ise umsila kanye nekhala kwendiza, ohlanganisa onezitezi yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. A380 kuyahluka umxhwele individualization amathuba. Yingakho, njengoba kuphawulwe Airbus, nokuthathe kwenza izinga lokhula zokukhiqiza akuyona njengoba eliphezulu kulinganiselwa ngaphambili. Indiza kungenziwa ifakwe eshaweni, ibha, a lounge, isitolo Duty Free. Siyabonga isiteshi satellite etholakalayo abagibeli ihlelwe ngocingo noma engenantambo noxhumano lwe-Inthanethi (i-Wi-Fi).

Njengamanje, air travel eRussia ukusetshenziswa A380 zenziwa. Ikhishwe umyalelo amabhodi ezine, kodwa kuze kube manje akekho kubo ukuba kwakhiwe.

izimo ezingalindelekile

Lesi sigameko kwenzeka okokuqala wesine ngoNovemba 2010. Ngalolo suku ababegibele A380, eyayithengwe Qantas, nakanjani kusukela Singapore eSydney. Omunye izinjini indiza wenqaba kwamaminithi ambalwa ngemva kokukhamba. Le ndiza waphoqeleka ukuba ubuyele sezindiza e Singapore. Ngokwe-iziphathimandla zase-Australia, azikho abagibeli 433 namalungu 26 nezisebenzi walimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziphuthumayo bead ngesikhathi kokwehla igiya isondo ekuqhumeni. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, ukuphathwa kwenkampani wanquma sokumisa izindiza ka-Airbus A380 okuqondene naye izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuphothulwa lihlolwa ngokucophelela.

Isigameko sesibili kwenzeka ngomhla ka-April yeshumi nambili 2011. Khona-ke ibhodi okuqondene Air France, wabanjwa iphiko layo nomsila we CRJ izindiza 700. athintekayo wayengekho.

isiphetho

Airbus A380 - umphumela umsebenzi kanzima abaklami nabathungi. Yona futhi le ndiza luphakeme izimbangi zayo eliseduze ezihlukahlukene izilungiselelo. is indiza, iziphi kangakanani izici design and indalo yayo inqubo? Zonke lezi mibuzo yaphendulwa esihlokweni ngenhla.