Isikhundla - umusho empilweni zokudala? icala umlando

Ngisho nasezikhathini yaseshashalazini yamaGreki asendulo Kwaba khona ukwahlukana phakathi kohlobo oluthile izinhlamvu. Ngakho kukhona indima umlingisi - ukwabiwa izindima ngokuhambisana idatha yangaphandle, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kuze kube kwekhulu elidlule abangu mummers impilo yonke baphoqeleka ukuba lelisu isithombe esisodwa kuphela.

EGrisi lasendulo, imisebenzi okukhulu zahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: indaba ephela ngobuhlungu comedy. Ngakho, futhi ovelele izinhlobo ezimbili abadlali - usizi amahlaya. Ukuthintana nanoma imuphi iqembu buvezwa hhayi ukudlala isitayela, futhi idatha yangaphandle umlingisi. Thespians baba abantu, libhekene ukukhula okusezingeni eliphezulu, owakhiwe kahle sibalo, ngezwi eliphansi izwi. okuphambene wabo - cast ongaphakeme futhi egcwele, ukhuluma ngezwi eliphezulu. Babekwazi ukwenza izindima yamahlaya kuphela.

medieval Italian Commedia dell'arte enwetshiwe izithombe Antique futhi wadala ezoba nendima entsha ekuphileni. Le nceku, nodadewethu, futhi iqhawe-lover. Isici esiphawulekayo dell'arte Commedia - lesikhumba buso, a imfanelo esiyisibopho uhlamvu. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo umsebenzi waseshashalazini zonke umlingisi ngokukhetha buso, bese cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe abadlala indima eyodwa kuphela. Theatre mlando kukhona buso ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezahlukene, kodwa iningi labo kwakungekaNkulunkulu izinhlamvu efanayo ihluke nomunye kuphela ngegama kanye incazelo eningiliziwe. Zabesifazane izindima abadlali ngaphandle kokusebenzisa buso.

Ekhulwini XVII, ngenkathi the classic French yaseshashalazini baqhubeka ukusungulwa eziyisisekelo ngendlela esimeme idrama kanye okuphephile izindima abadlali idatha ethile psychophysical. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona nomqondo indima - yigama okuye kwenzeka kusukela French elithi "ye-Emploi", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "indima", "isikhundla", "sebenzisa".

Ukuze uthole indima, umlingisi kumele ihlangabezane ezithile nezimfuneko, phakathi lapho, njengoba ezikhathini zasendulo, sibalo ukuphakama, ukwakha, iphimbo uhlobo ebusweni. Kodwa indima - akusiyo kuphela ukubonakala uhlamvu, kodwa futhi declamatory and plastic izici, umugqa kokuziphatha. Inguquko kusuka indima eyodwa kuya kwenye is hhayi engamukeleki, kunjalo, njengasekhulwini yaseshashalazini ephakathi, nabalingisi kulo umsebenzi wakhe waseshashalazini, udlale indima okuyisidina, ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo futhi uzama ukungeza uhlamvu a elikhuhluziwe ezithile. Okuwukuphela indima ubudala, elandela ukuhunyushwa yaseshashalazini nabalingisi asebekhulile.

Ngo yaseshashalazini French ngekhulu XVIII indima actress ezifana Ingenue - ngobuqotho, kodwa intombazane kuwubuwula futhi kuyisidala elula ngokomqondo. Heroes abafana Ubumnene ngokuthi simpletons. Soubrette (owesilisa okufushane inceku) kuyahluka gaiety, ngomdlandla onesimo ethakazelisayo, ngokuvamile lokhu uhlamvu has amakhosi bebodwa usizo olukhulu ukuthandana. Kukhona umqondo abagqokisa okwabesifazane - mayelana Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nendima female udlalwa ngu kumdlali, indoda, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Futhi abadlali abadlale kukho konke ukuphila kwami indima efanayo, nakuba ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze Konstantin Stanislavsky noMichael laseChekhov asho khona la mazwi indima waseshashalazini - lufa, okuyinto ziphazamise intuthuko esebenza ithalente, ungavumeli ke ukuzibonakalisa ngokugcwele. umbono ezinjalo yatholakala disbelief kodwa manje, ubukele lokuphindukuzalwa emangalisayo wanamuhla abalingisi, siyabona ukuthi abaqondisi omkhulu babeqinisile.