"Ummbila" (An-2): ijubane injini nezithombe

Akukho muntu, ungoyedwa ongazazi ngalokhu indiza futhi ebatshazwa kakhulu akufeza. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa okuncane mayelana nomlando wayo, idivayisi izici isicelo. "Ummbila" (An-2) is braced nge biplane iphiko ukukhanya ezokuthutha izindiza. "Colt", "ithole lembongolo?", Colt - kwegama lalo nokuqoshwa ka NATO. Kuwo wonke umlando bezindiza emhlabeni An-24 iyona enkulu kunazo zonke owodwa injini biplane. Lokhu kuphela ngemva kokuba ukubukeka zokuguqulwa yayo - AN-3. Indiza sinesikhundla elilodwa motor Shvetsov eziyinkulungwane amahhashi. Isisindo at ukusuka - 5250 kg.

Umlando omncane

Umqondo yokudala lo mshini wethulwa 1940 by O. K. Antonovym. Sasidinga indiza esisetshenziselwa ukukhanya, okuyinto has umthamo owodwa komunye kanye amathani isigamu ukusetshenziswa yezolimo, lempi ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla, ezindaweni ezikude eSoviet Union, bakwazi suka kusuka kumasayithi encane ngaphandle kwenkinga. Ngokushesha ngemva kuqala impi, ngoba lokho ukuhlobana ukusungulwa komshini umeluleki wezolimo esenyukele ngemuva. Kodwa kuze kufike endaweni wenkululeko kanye nokubuyiselwa umnotho wezwe umbuzo umnotho yabuya phakathi kuqala. "Ummbila" (An-2), ithuthukiswe okb-153 Antonov futhi ngendiza yokuqala senziwa ngo-1947, ngo-August 31, Volodinym P. N. - umshayeli test. Igama layo ethandwa livela Po-2. Ekanye nabanye impumelelo kanye namarekhodi, AN-2 - indiza kuphela emhlabeni ezikhiqiza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60. Okwamanje, kwenziwa e-China. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eSoviet Union igcwaliswe ukukhiqizwa yayo uchungechunge ngo-1960, wakha phezu 5000 biplane. Ngemva kwalokho, le nkinga baqhubeka ngaphansi kwelayisense ePoland futhi China. Eyokuqala - izimoto ezingu-12 000 kusukela ngo-1957 kuya 1992, kwesibili - 950 ukuze esifanayo. 10.440 zazidilivwa USSR, bese - ku CIS. osindile yethu "ummbila" - indiza, isithombe ungabona - athunyelwa emazweni 26.

Ukusebenza AN-2

Indiza wahlinzwa eSoviet Union ezindaweni eziningi. kahle kakhulu - kolayini izikweletu esasinazo ngokwezinga elincane ngenjongo ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kanye nabagibeli. "Corncob" futhi (AN-2) zifeziwe, njengoba kwakuhleliwe, imisebenzi ehlukene kwezomnotho, kuhlanganise umsebenzi chemical zasemoyeni. Wathatha phezu kusukela In-2 seeding corn amasimu. Kuyinto ukusebenza silula, biplane efanelekayo operation namadlelo encane ungakulungele eziwubhuqu, ngoba mileage ongaphakeme isuka. An-2 lubaluleke ezindaweni ampofu-Asia Ephakathi, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude yeCanada, lapho okwandile esetshenziswa. Russian Ministry of Transport ngo-2012, yamemezela ukuthi kungase kwethulwa ku 2015 yesikhathi sesimanje ezijulile mayelana 800 izingcezu indiza phambi kwethu, lapho esikhundleni emoyeni navigation imishini kanye izinjini uzobe kukhiqizwa.

Ukuguqulwa "ummbila"

"Ummbila" - AN-2 - has a lot of ukushintshwa. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. An-2M - Single yesimanje izindiza wezolimo.
2. En-2nn - umlilo, empini, kanye iflothi kokwehla igiya.
3. En-2SKH - ezisetshenziswa umphakathi wezolimo.
4. En-2C - sanitary.
5. En-2-TP - Passenger traffic.
6. An-2T - ezokuthutha.
7. En-2TD - ezokuthutha ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni.
8. An-2F - izindiza for izithombe zasemoyeni. Nge sasilokhu ezivamile kanye fuselage, inguqulo civil.
9. An-2F - ubusuku wezikhali kwesimo endaweni nesithombe kwesimo endaweni. Kuye ezicwebezelisiwe umsila sigaba futhi ezimbili keel. Ehlome - UBT machine gun noma isibhamu othomathikhi NS-23. Test umshayeli Pashkevich indiza yokuqala senziwe-April 1949. Kwezentengiselwano kukhiqizwa.
10. An-2 ngokuthi "sniffer" ngo-1960 kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isibani esiphathwa futhi umshini ezimbili isibhamu turret nokunciphisa isitha kwesimo endaweni Balloons.
11. AN-3 - indiza ne HPT-20 - turboprop.
12. AN-4 - amanzi, nge chassis elintantayo.
13. AN-6 - sounder emkhathini, isimo sezulu kwesimo endaweni, kokuba keel esisekelweni i cab ezengeziwe.

A amaqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo

Biplane libhekene nempilo ende, efunde izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo emlandweni walo. Nazi ezinye amaqiniso:

1. Eyokuqala imodeli yendiza, U-2 kuqala landizela Januwari 7, 1928. It yadalwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa Polikarpova Nikolaya.
2. ESoviet Union ngo-U-2 Abashayeli bamabhanoyi bathweswe oqeqeshiwe. Siyabonga kuye, umgwaqo ukuze izulu lavuleka izinkulungwane abashayeli bezindiza.
3. Ngo-1932, abagibele U-2VS ukuthwala abantu abayisithupha vosmikilogrammovyh amabhomu abanikazi ekhethekile, futhi abanikeze asebenza nabo ezingemuva kwakukhona Bhalobhasha iphuzu, isibhamu ifakwe PV-1.
4. Indlela esindayo ukusuka biplane, sekushiwo, i ukuqeqeshwa ezingenalutho - kg 656 kuphela. Isivinini "ummbila" - 135-150 km / h, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 amamitha kudingeka ugijime futhi ugijime.
5. Empini ye 1941-1945, amaJalimane bayesaba kakhulu U-2 Soviet, wazibiza "ukuthunga machine" futhi "grinder". Ikakhulukazi phakathi nobusuku ngamabhomu.
6. Phakathi nempi, saqala nibize abesifazane ngubani-ke waba umshayeli kwi biplane. 23 kubo wathola isihloko Hero.
7. On ezindaweni ultra-ongaphakeme, akababoni ngokuphelele izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakunzima kakhulu ukuletha phansi.
8. pilot Test kusuka Ukraine ngilinqobile South Pole kule indiza.

"Inhliziyo" ndiza yethu

ESoviet Union zonke ukwakhiwa omusha kwenziwe ngaphansi isiqubulo esithi "ephakeme, phambidlana, ngokushesha." I Kungashiwo okufanayo ngalokhu ingxenye indiza ngokuthi "ummbila" injini. Nakuba kwakungekho intshiseko jikelele ngoba ophephela izinjini, ngakho in the 50s kwekhulu elidlule basungula igesi ophephela injini for the An-2. Kodwa-ke ayikho le venture kuhlulekile. Kwaphela iminyaka kuphela ngemva eziyishumi athuthukile TMD-10. Sikwenzile beqondiswa Glushenkova VA in Omsk ICD. Inketho elilandelayo kwakufanele AN-3. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1971. Futhi injini TV2-117S efakwe ngaphansi abanikeze asebenza nabo. Khona-ke indiza abonakala ezimbili 850-TMD, okuyinto yayiseKhesariya umnsalo ijikelezwe yi ezivamile igiya bendiza. Ngo-1979 yena wadala a ophephela HPT-20, ngaphansi kwazo olwesimanje An-2.

"Ummbila" (An-2), izici

Lokhu biplane ine ukusebenza izici ezilandelayo:

1. 5500 kg - esiphezulu Take-off isisindo.
2. 3400-3900 kg - isisindo ezingenalutho we biplane.
3. 5250 kg - esiphezulu kokwehla isisindo.
4. 1240 amalitha - Okokhelekayo isisindo.
5. 155-190 km / ihora - sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele.
6. 990 km - ububanzi, enziwe umthwalo.
7. 4.5 km - uphahla kokuwa.
8. 12.4 amamitha - ubude biplane.
9. 5,35 m - ukuphakama.
10. 8, 425 - zivuleka iphiko engenhla.
11. 5.795 - ephansi iphiko shanela.
12. 71,52 square metres - iphiko ndawo.
13. abantu ababili - amatilosi.
14. 12 - inani abagibeli ukuguqulwa An-2TD angazamukela paratroopers - 10.

Kuvele imishini-2

Yini ungabona, uma namuhla ukuze abheke "corncob"? Le ndiza, isithombe izindlela zakamuva kuqinisekisiwe, ifakwe imishini eyanele yesimanje: umsakazo ikhampasi EMKHUNJINI-9, A-037 umsakazo altimeter, ohlangothini gyro HPA-48, odlala umaka MRP-56P, uhlelo ESP kuhlanganiswe GIK-1. imishini Ukuxhumana lolucuketse: STC-7 - intercom, umsakazo esiteshini RS-6102 MW ububanzi kanye R-DM 842 ububanzi.

isiphetho

Ngaphandle kwesizathu amalungelo ukudweba "ummbila" futhi endawo obuhlakani indiza abangu okungewakho Airbus Military Polish inkampani. Ngo-May 2014 kwathi kakade iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, Ukraine Antonov Design Bureau akazange anikeze noma yimaphi amadokhumenti, kuse ecaleni Russian, okungase ukuqinisekisa ilungelo biplane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akukho ithuba ukuthuthukisa ngesisekelo indiza "corncob" (An-2), ngendiza sesigungu esisha. Ngemva ezinye uphenyo kwathi amalungelo kwathengiswa phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi namuhla kufanele abe nomkhawulo sesimanje onobuhle ekhona. Kodwa ngesiRashiya itholakala ngesikhathi esithile inenxenye kuka 1,500, ukuze imikhumbi zezindiza of AN-2 izinguqulo ezihlukene, buyobuyiselwa.