Umlobi Lion Feuchtwanger: A Biography, lokusungula

Lion Feuchtwanger kubhekwa umsunguli wenhlangano entsha wokubhala zomlando Romance kolimi. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, equkethe zibona on isiphetho nobuntu emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko yentuthuko usukela ngokucacile ofana ne izenzakalo ezenzeka ezweni lanamuhla. No kancane ezithakazelisayo kuyinto biography of umbhali, abakhona kule inkonzo yezempi, futhi "incwadi ezizenzakalelayo" futhi nokuvalelwa emakamu okuhlushwa, nokuningi.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Lion Feuchtwanger wazalwa ngo-July 7, 1884 emzini German Munich, indodana usozimboni abacebile Sigmund Feuchtwanger noJohanna Bodenheimer, futhi kwaba ngingowokuqala ezinganeni eziyisishiyagalolunye. Uyise nonina babethatha amaJuda Orthodox, kanti umfana kusukela esemncane kwaba ngokujulile ulwazi lwenkolo futhi isiko labantu bakubo. Ngemva kwesikole, iNgonyama Feuchtwanger langena University of Munich, lapho afundela khona emkhakheni "izincwadi" futhi 'ifilosofi'. Yena wabe esedlulela Berlin ukuthatha inkambo kolimi German futhi isi-Sanskrit.

Ngo-1907, iNgonyama Feuchtwanger wathola PhD nge mqondo anikezelwe umkhiqizo Genriha Geyne "Baharahsky urabi."

umsebenzi Early

Ngo-1908, Feuchtwanger eyasungulwa umagazini kwamasiko "Mirror". Lolu hlobo zaziphila impilo esifushane futhi ngemva kokukhululwa kwe amakamelo 15 uye lashabalala ngenxa yezinkinga zezimali.

Ngo-1912, umlobi esizayo abadumile washada indodakazi Jewish yomthengisi abacebile uMarta Leffler. Futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ufihle ngosuku lomshado kusuka izivakashi ukuthi umakoti ekhulelwe. kamuva ngoMashi Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa wabeletha indodakazi, washona ngokushesha nje ngemva kokubelethwa.

Ngo-November 1914, Feuchtwanger ngokuthi njengomnikelo yiPhoyisa. Nokho, maduze nje Kwahlaluka ukuthi naye akuyona Kulungile ezempilo, futhi umlobi kwakungomunye esiqiwini. Ngemva kwempi, wahlangana Brecht, yena waqala ubuhlobo esingapheli waze washona ngemva Feuchtwanger.

Biography kuze 1933

Lion Feuchtwanger kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala ukuqaphela izingozi ezibangelwa Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni. Kudala ngo-1920 wayesefile kakade ngendlela satirical ethulwa umbono Wandering umJuda, echaza kwamaJuda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJesu wanikeza incazelo enembile we "Munich nsundu" enovelini "Impumelelo," lapho lo protagonist Rupert Kuttsnera zilandelwa ngokucacile izici-Adolf Hitler.

Ngemva ezinye imisebenzi Feuchtwanger zishicilelwe ngaphandle Germany, sesiye zithandwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Ngenxa yalokho, wabizwa amanyuvesi amaningi anikeze izinkulumo.

Ngo-November 1932 eseneminyaka e-London. Elapho wayezochitha kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, bese uya USA, lapho futhi wayeya abathethise. Ngakho, ngesikhathi i-eza emandleni amaNazi Lion Feuchtwanger ingaphandle eJalimane. Njengoba walalela abangane, umbhali wakhetha ukuhlala edolobheni isiFulentshi Sanary-sur-Mer, lapho kwakukhona khona ikoloni elincane lezifiki German ayebalekele ngenxa yoshushiso ngezizathu zombusazwe noma zobuhlanga. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhumusha lesiNgisi izincwadi Feuchtwanger BakaJehova banyathelisa izinhlelo ezinkulu, wayephila ukuphila okunethezekile nomkakhe uMarta, owayeneminyaka umsizi bakhe abathembekile kuzo zonke izinto.

Biography Feuchtwanger ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, igama eJalimane Feuchtwanger yabonakala uhlu abalobi kabani zincwadi zashiswa, yena waba ziphucwe ubuzwe wakhe ashaqa impahla yakhe.

Inzondo Sokusebenzela National kwaba isizathu isithakazelo umbhali eSoviet Union. inkulumo-ze uStalin bahluleka miss ithuba enjalo futhi wamema ukuvakashelwa Feuchtwanger ukuze eMoscow, kanye lizobona ezweni ukuze babone ngamehlo abo siqu lokho aseyenzile wokuqala emhlabeni "isimo abasebenzi futhi abalimi." Njengengxenye Ukuvakashela umbhali USSR ngisho zaxoxa zinhloko zabantu.

Ukubuyela France, Lyon Feuchtwanger, ogama amabhuku eSoviet Union ngokushesha waqala ukushicilela kusakazwa izigidi zamakhophi, eshicilelwe enengxoxo uStalin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala incwadi ethi "eMoscow. 1937 ", okuyinto wabelane nabafundi European umbono wakhe ngokuphila e-USSR. Emakhasini ayo, yena waba njalo iziqhathaniso phakathi lokho waboniswa, futhi mayelana nesimo sezindaba eJalimane. Kulesi ukuqhathanisa, ingxenye enkulu sasiwumsebenzi kungabi umusa lakamuva.

Ukuphunyuka

Ngo-1940, amabutho aseJalimane angena France. Lion Feuchtwanger njengesakhamuzi German yangaphambili ekamu French edolobheni Le Mill. Njengoba ekuphumeleleni kwalo Wehrmacht Army sobala ukuthi iningi leziboshwa kwezingu nokufa, uma ensimini ngimatasa futhi. Khona-ke abanye babo babethola bayiswa ekamu eduze Nimes. Kube Lion Feuchtwanger nomkakhe basize ubhoko American Embassy. Bafika kubo amadokhumenti angelona iqiniso futhi, wazifihla njengendlela umbhali wesifazane, baphuma kulelo zwe. Kulokhu, Lyons nomkakhe kwadingeka ukuba zidlule nginazo, njengoba kuqala isikhathi eside ukufihla eMarseilles, bese baphoqeleka ukuba angene eSpain nasePortugal.

Life e-USA

Ngo-1943, iNgonyama Feuchtwanger, ogama amabhuku yayithandwa kakhulu e-United States, bakha villa "Aurora" eCalifornia. Lapho, ngasebenza kanzima futhi wadala imisebenzi yakhe ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa izimali ezinkulu ikhokhwe kubashicileli studios, amanoveli akhe aguqulelwe esibukweni, Feuchtwanger eqoqwe umtapo zikanokusho ehlanganisa Imiqulu ezingaphezu kuka-20 000.

Uma amaNazi wazonda umbhali izizathu zobuhlanga, US kwempi usolwa sympathies wamaKhomanisi. Phakathi nale nkathi, waphinda kwavela njengoba isiqinisekiso ikhono Feuchtwanger, kusukela eside ngaphambi kobana kuthome "umthakathi ekuzingeleni" wayebhala play 'Ukusangana imiqondo, noma UDeveli e Boston, "okuyinto eyakhuluma ngokumelene impi yomshoshaphansi nezindlela ophaka ke.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlobi Lion Feuchtwanger wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke ubuyele emuva eJalimane, ngenxa imibono yayo anti-undlovukayiphikiswa, wayengumuntu ethandwa kakhulu sase-GDR. Ngo-1953 waphinde waba ngisho umklomelo wokuqala kuleli zwe emkhakheni izincwadi.

Ngo-1957, umlobi unomdlavuza esiswini. Ngu Feuchtwanger ukwelashwa bakhangwa odokotela best of isikhathi, wamenzela ukuhlinza ambalwa. Imizamo yokubhekana nalesi sifo zehlulekile, futhi umbhali wafa ngo-1958 kusuka ukopha zangaphakathi.

umsebenzi pre-impi

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuloba umsebenzi wakhe Lion Feuchtwanger wadala eningi kudlala, yena ahlolwa njengencenye kunalokho Okuqukethwe akuzwakali. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, kusho isikhulumi sakhe nesithakazelo ngokubhala izihloko kanye nokubuyekeza, okuvumela sengathi kusuka ngaphandle ukubheka umsebenzi wakhe siqu. Esikhathini esifanayo Feuchtwanger lokuqala babecabanga mayelana nokwenzeka ngokwakha inoveli zomlando enengqondo imisebenzi yakhe ephefumulelwe Mann abazalwane.

Kulokhu, nakuba izindaba kungokukaJehova kwezinkathi ezahlukene, bahlanganiswa kukubuka kwalesi simiso ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu umlando. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhiqizo Lion Feuchtwanger, sabhalwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I futhi inguquko Bavarian, zibancishe aestheticism futhi eduze okwangempela. Bavame libonise nhlekelele siqu ubuntu neyobuntu e emphakathini onobudlova. Ikakhulukazi, lolu daba lunikezelwe noveli yokuqala, iNgonyama Feuchtwanger owabhala - ". Duchess Ugly"

Umsebenzi esilandelayo umbhali waba noveli "UmJuda Suess", which busisa izenzakalo ezenzeka e-Germany, ngekhulu le-18. Wamletha udumo emhlabeni wonke, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yena wamangalelwa ngokuthi kwamaJuda ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ukushisekela ubuzwe abangamaJuda. Bobabili kuphela bawubona kuye kwenza abantu isithakazelo yembhali umlando abantu bakhe. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka trilogy ka uJosephus, esanyatheliswa emazweni amaningi.

Ngokuvumelana isifiso sakhe ukubonakalisa yesimanjemanje, kuyisunduzele ngesikhathi, emva ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ophoqelelwe eFrance, umbhali uye wadala inoveli "Pseudo-uNero", umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho okuyinto abaningi balifundile sokudumisa.

Ukudala kule minyaka post-yimpi

Ngemva zithuthele umbhali US Ngaqhubeka eziningi futhi bezikhandla. Ikakhulukazi, inoveli wabonakala ngo-1947, "Izimpungushe ku Isivini." Lion Feuchtwanger wamchaza e izenzakalo ezenzeka "ekusithekeni" we Olusheshayo. Kwakuwumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala post-yimpi lapho ababone ukufana nenhlangano Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa.

iminyaka 4 kamuva umlobi yabhalwa umsebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke - ". Goya noma Indlela Nzima Ukukhanyiselwa" Lion Feuchtwanger wamchaza ukuphila nomsebenzi we umdwebi odumile Spanish. Le noveli kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu emhlabeni wonke futhi wathwebula ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Ngisho ngonyaka odlule zokuphila kakade Feuchtwanger nezibi baqhubeka ukudala. Kusukela ekuseni kufikela ebusuku ukuthi wabizela owayebhala ngomshini, "ballad Spanish" Thanda iNkosi ka Spain Alfonso lesishiyagalombili kuya ovamile Fermoze.