Umkhumbi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kawoyela emhlabeni

Umkhumbi uhlobo ezikhethekile ngomkhumbi wezimpahla ukuthi kungenziwa aguqulelwe zasolwandle kanye zomfula ukuthola imizila. ezokuthutha Water senzelwe ukuthuthwa ngobuningi impahla emikhunjini. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke e irowu yayo ezibhekwa ocean supertankers, ezingalotshwanga kuphela esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa uwoyela, kodwa futhi isitoreji yayo.

Omunye supertankers enkulu

Umkhumbi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wethulwa kusuka amasheya 1976. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe umsunguli wayo kwaba nkampani Royal Dutch Shell bese umkhumbi wona awubanga igama Batillus. On ukwakhiwa imoto amanzi ke sasetshenziswa amathani angaba yizinkulungwane 70 of okuhlinza kanye cishe $ 130 million. Ngo-1973, kwaba khona emhlabeni uwoyela esibucayi, ngenxa okuyinto izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa ikhuphuke kakhulu. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuncipheni okuphawulekayo inzuzo. Inkampani umdali ngamaloli kwadingeka ngenhloso ukuyeka ukwakhiwa umkhumbi, kodwa inkontileka esayinwe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa, mina abakuvumeli. Leli lungiselelo igebe wathembisa izindleko eziphawulekayo. Okwamanje, kuphela esincintisana isitsha - umkhumbi enkulu emhlabeni, umkhumbi Knock Nevis.

Imininingwane Batillus isitsha

Ngokushesha emva kokuphothulwa umkhumbi ihambisana ejwayelekile zabo ubuncane kuphela:-ke yenze zonke 5 izindiza phakathi nonyaka. Kusukela ngo-1982, amanzi ezokuthutha isikhathi esiningi engenzi lutho nge ngalutho, kunokuba kusetshenziswe inhloso yazo. Ngo-1982, umnikazi umkhumbi wanquma ukuwudayisa Scrap ngentengo $ 8 million. isakhiwo Umkhumbi ihlanganisa mayelana 40 ezimele ithangi uhlobo, inani nomthamo okuyinto 677 300 cubic metres. Ngenxa by design of the isitsha ngokuhlukana ku linezingxenye angasetjentiswa ethutha kanyekanye izinhlobo eziningana hydrocarbon. Le phrojekthi kwanciphisa ingozi izingozi kanye amathuba ukungcoliswa olwandle. Iyalayisha wamafutha umkhumbi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni kwenziwa amaphampu ezine umthamo cishe 24,000 cubic metres ngehora. Ubude Imininingwane bomkhumbi ilingana 414 metres uphinde uthele kancane deadweight (ie umthamo isamba) kwakuhambisana emathanini ayizinkulungwane ezingu-550. I speed esiphezulu kumele singeqi 16 ifindo kanye isikhathi sendiza ngaphandle refueling futhi resupply kwaba izinsuku 42. Isondlo design elintantayo nge izitshalo ezine amandla idliwe amathani 330 uphethiloli ngosuku.

Noma alternation of izizukulwane

Ngemva Batillus pyatilopastevymi ne izinjini ezimbili futhi 4 umusi ophephela amandla 64.800 amahhashi lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela esitolo kusukela ngo-2004 futhi kulahlwe ngo-2010, salandelwa Knock Nevis. Ngokuhamba nomlando wayo, Batillus washintsha lenqwaba abanikazi yashintsha kaningi igama layo futhi uthathe Scrap Metal enegama Mont ngaphansi ifulege of Sierra Leone u. Umkhumbi lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni - Knock Nevis, ukwakhiwa zazo, njengawo esasisandulele, laqedwa ngo-1976. omkhulu usayizi isitsha sayo atholwe eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngemva umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho we sesimanje emathangini avuzayo eduze amathani ayinkulungwane 565. ubude bayo luyanda 460 amamitha. abantu 40 - crew. Turbines izinjini ngamaloli uyakwazi ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele 13 ifindo amandla Imininingwane ngenxa 50 izinkulungwane amahhashi.

Seawise Giant, noma umlando isitsha Knock Nevis

Umkhumbi ngobukhulu uwoyela emhlabeni, ukwakhiwa okwenziwa ekhulwini XX, ubizwa ngokuthi yi Seawise Giant. Ukwakhiwa umkhumbi kwaqala ngaphambi yobudala okuvela double anesitezi emathangini avuzayo. Okwamanje, isitsha esiyingqayizivele alikho. Naye, ngokusho kongoti, uzokwazi ukuncintisana emadolobheni kuphela elintantayo nge izindlu, amahhovisi kanye amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda ephelele usanda ukuba izazi kubhekwe. Ukwakhiwa isitsha waqala ngo-1976. Ekuqaleni, kwakufanele ukuhlangabezana deadweight amathani 480.000, kodwa emva ucabanga yomnikazi magnate lokuqala Tung yanquma ukwandisa umthamo wayo kuze kube amathani 564.763. Lo mkhumbi wethulwa 1981 nenjongo yayo main ukuthutha uwoyela ongahluziwe kusukela okusendimeni eGulf of Mexico. Kamuva tranportiroval uwoyela umkhumbi owawuvela e-Iran. Ngelinye ilanga izindiza iye izikhukhula Gulf.

magic imvuselelo

Umkhumbi ngobukhulu uwoyela emhlabeni ngokuthi Seawise Giant wavuswa ocean phansi eduze Kharg isiqhingi 1988 by ngisemsebenzini Keppel Shipyard. Umnikazi omusha we ngamaloli yinkampani Norman International, okuyinto esichithwa ukubuyiselwa umkhumbi 3700 amathani steel. Kakade abuyiselwe isitsha futhi washintsha ubunikazi futhi baba ubizwe Jahre Viking. Ngo-March 2004, amalungelo ubunikazi ke zadluliselwa inkampani Okokuqala Olsen emathangini avuzayo, okuyinto ngenxa yobudala olukhulu nomklamo walo okushintshiwe FSO - Floating eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto esetshenziswa kuphela ukulayisha futhi isitoreji hydrocarbon ku shipyards Dubai. Ngemva kokulungiswa ngamaloli atholwe igama Knock Nevis, njengoba umkhumbi umaka emhlabeni ngaphansi kwalokho waziwa. Ngemva ukuqanjwa kabusha zokugcina umkhumbi njengoba FSO ukuthi towed emanzini ensimini Qatar Al Hanshin.

Ubukhulu we ngamaloli Knock Nevis

Umkhumbi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wayebizwa ngokuthi Knock Nevis. Waba uhlobo umkhiqizo intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Njengengxenye design asetshenziswe longitudinal sikebhe girder uhlelo, futhi bonke add-ins babe emkhunjini. Kulapho ukuhlangana emathangini avuzayo Welding kagesi yaqale esetshenziswa. Ngo izinkathi ezahlukene khona-ke besilokhu saziwa ngokuthi uya emkhunjini Jahre Viking Ngenjabulo Giant, Seawise Giant futhi Knock Nevis. Ubude bayo 458,45 amamitha. Ukuze ukushintsha ephelele isikhala umkhumbi ayekudinga 2 km kanye nosizo ka tugs. Ubukhulu transverse of 68,8 amamitha zokuthutha amanzi, oluhambisana ububanzi ibanga elilingana nenkundla kanobhutshuzwayo. Emphemeni engenhla umkhumbi wawungahamba kalula ihlanganise 5.5 zebhola. Umkhumbi esuswa ngoxhaxha-January 1, 2010, ngoba yona yaba hhayi kuphela esincintisana Uyakufanelekela, kodwa futhi umfanekiso elula.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke LNG ngamaloli emhlabeni

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke umkhumbi LNG ngamaloli kubhekwa okuthiwa Mozah, okuyinto wafakwa ukusebenza amakhasimende kwayo ngo-2008. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa le ngisemsebenzini Samsung zazisetshenziselwa Qatar negesi Transport Inkampani. Kwaphela amashumi amathathu eminyaka, LNG emathangini avuzayo kanye umthamo esingaphansi 140,000 cubic metres of gas kuncibilike. Mozah giant walwaphula amarekhodi ngezinga elithile anoma ayizinkulungwane 266 cubic metres. Le ncwadi kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usuku lonke ukunikeza ukushisa kanye nogesi insimu yonke England. Deadweight oluhambisana 125 600 wamathani. Ubude bayo 345, ububanzi - 50 amamitha. Okusalungiswa - 12 metres. Ibanga kusukela keel kuya iloli oluhambisana ukuphakama skyscraper 20-storey. Ukwakhiwa ngamaloli indawo ukufakwa enikeziwe igesi liquefaction, okuyinto enciphisa intuthu eyingozi futhi cishe aqede amathuba engozi, ukuhlinzeka eziyikhulu ukuphepha amaphesenti cargo. It is kuhlelwe ukuba yakhiwe futhi mhla yonke imikhumbi 14 ochungechungeni.

I emathangini avuzayo omkhulu kunayo yonke eyake

Umkhumbi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni - Chinese. Njengoba ushintsho izizukulwane washintsha futhi isitsha, okuyinto sesihlanganisiwe zilahlwe wahlala ezweni elifanayo lendabuko.

Designs ULCC ekilasini, ngubani wakwazi idlule uphawu 500,000 dwt, kukhona kuphela 6:

• Battilus nge deadweight 553,662. Inkathi 1976-1985 neminyaka.
• Bellamya nge deadweight ka 553,662, igagasi ulwandle kusuka 1976 kuya ku-1986.
• Pierre Guillaumat, ezakhiwa ngezinyanga 1977 elingasekho empini ngo-1983.
• Esso Atlantic ne deadweight ka 516.000 kanye nobude khona kusukela ngo-1977 2002.
• Esso Pacific (amathani 516,000). Ukusebenza isikhathi - kusukela ngo-1977 2002.
• Prairial (amathani 554,974). Yakhelwe ngo-1979, ikhishiwe ukusuka izindiza ngo-2003.