Umgomo "Menaktra": imiyalelo, izincazelo kanye nokubuyekeza

Umgomo "Menaktra" - isizukulwane esisha izidakamizwa. Kuncane njengoba kuqhathaniswa okudalwe (iminyaka engaba ngu-10 edlule), inkampani US Sanofi Pasteur ezaziwayo. Umuthi isidlulile kokuxilongwa kanye kuhlukile kunokunikeza imikhiqizo efanayo. It has a inombolo amagciwane nomthelela ekwakhekeni imingcele mzimba umzimba ngokumelene okuvela meningitis yegazi elinobuthi kubangelwa meningococcus.

isakhiwo

Umgomo "Menaktra" kuxwayisa eziningi izifo, ezithinta ukubukeka meningococcus serogroup ethize. Kuyinto isixazululo kancane okungacaci ecacile kwezokuphatha esicutshini.

Umthamo owodwa imayelana 0.5 ml, kuhlanganisa lezo zigaba esebenzayo njengoba conjugates monovalent meningococcal aqukethe inhlanganisela kwezinhlobo ezithile polysaccharide serogroups (A, C, Y, W-135) futhi isithwali amaprotheni. Njalo polysaccharide olulodwa conjugated umjovo idiphtheria toxoid umthamo elilingana 48 mg.

izinto engeziwe kwezidakamizwa Ukwakheka yilezi: sodium phosphate, i-sodium chloride, i-sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate namanzi esikhethekile umjovo.

Ukulungiswa is zahlanganiswa ngo ingilazi izitsha eziyisikhombisa oqukethe umthamo yesikhathi esisodwa - 0.5 ml. Ibhokisi babe munye noma ezinhlanu izitsha eziyisikhombisa, futhi yokusetshenziswa.

Umgomo lagcinwa ashisa 2-8 ° C. Akumelwe simisiwe. Kufanele kugcinwe endaweni epholile aphume kude nezingane. Uma imithi ngasizathu simbe iye simisiwe, akusiyo kuncike ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe.

Shelf-ukuphila umuthi iminyaka emibili kusukela ngosuku ukukhiqizwa libhalwe iphakethe.

"Menaktru" ukhiqiza nomkhiqizi edumile emhlabeni wonke yokugoma, "Sanofi Pasteur Inc.".

Umgomo "Menaktra": incazelo isenzo kwemithi

Ngokuvamile, i-ejenti causative izifo meningococcal (isb meningitis) iba igciwane N. Meningitidis. It lakhomba inani serotypes yaleli qembu lama-bacterium awusizo. Ukusebenzisa "Menaktra" wokugoma ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba athile aqondiswe agent causative yesifo meningococcal. Umgomo iqukethe ezine serogroup kuyinto A, C, Y no-W-135. Basuke bonke benawo umsebenzi okhethekile amagciwane.

Isiyazanywa okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola yalokho kusukela ekubekeni "Menaktry" akuyona kwenziwe, kusukela ukukhethwa serum amasosha omzimba amagciwane (SBA) iyona leveli yokuphelela yokugoma meningococcal.

izinga Immunological izingane iphathwa kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuya ku-10 kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engamashumi 11-55. Immunogenicity wayezimisele ngokoMthetho ukusebenza omzimba, okuyinto etholwe serum Assay amagciwane. Abantu abangontanga iminyaka 2-10 kubhekwe amasosha omzimba a ekwakhiweni elilodwa umgomo, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-28. ukwanda titer weJiyomethri Lesisemkhatsini zihlonzwe (GMTs) omzimba amagciwane. Zonke izinhlobo serogroups e 86-100% of amacala ngesikhathi i ekuseni inkomba titers alibonakali sabhalwa seroconversion, kwachazwa ngokuthi chetrehkratnoe futhi ukwanda titers omzimba ezinsukwini 28 emva yokugoma.

umthamo engaguquki "Menaktry" ezithinta inkumbulo immunological emva yokugoma eyinhloko ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa e abaneminyaka engu 11-18 baye babonisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba ukuba kumiswa yesikhathi esisodwa komjovo. Izinkomba SBA GMTs izinsuku ezingu-28 ngemva lokugoma babe kunalelo yasekuqaleni. Ngo 98-100% kuthomba, nge ukungaqiniseki kokuqala amazinga omzimba osukwini 28 saboniswa cherehkratnoe ukwanda SBA Titre ukuba zonke izinhlobo wokugoma serogroup B. Lezi amaqiniso abonisa immunogenicity okusezingeni eliphezulu zomuthi zisencane ecacisiwe.

Ngo abadala nge indeterminate titers omzimba e 93-100% of amacala zibonisa ukuthi lande emine ngeshumi SBA titer zonke ezinye izinhlobo serogroups lwegciwane lichaza ekwakheni wokugoma. Kuzo zonke izivivinyo, impendulo immunological kwaba okufanayo kungakhathaliseki ubulili, ubudala kanye uhlanga.

Azikho izinkomba phezu kinetics ucabangela ukusabela kokuqala ekwakhekeni umgomo, kodwa amasosha omzimba ngemva kwezinsuku 7-10 emva yokugoma sabhalwa.

Isikhathi Ukuvikelwa mzimba ngemva kokuqala wokugoma kumiswa wazibonakalisa e zokwelapha kanye ilingana iminyaka emithathu ngemva kokuphathwa olulodwa.

izinkomba

Umgomo "Menaktra" yakhelwe ukuvimbela ukutheleleka meningococcal. Ukuvela wale mithandazo kuthinta igciwane N. Meningitidis nge izinhlobo ezinjalo serogroups njengo-A, C, Y no-W-135 abantu ahlukahlukene abangontanga.

Izimo ekwakhiweni yokugoma

"Menaktra" (umjovo) akufanele isetshenziswe uma ukungabekezelelani noma izinto asebenzayo ezengeziwe ngezithako zawo. izifo Ban kukhona uhlobo ezithathelwanayo kanye non-esithathelanayo, kanye ngesikhathi exacerbations izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

Isikali futhi indlela yokugoma

Ukulungiselela "Menaktra" (umjovo) iqondiswa intramuscularly weluleka Umhlahlandlela, okungcono endaweni kwemisipha deltoid ehlombe. Izingane kuze kube unyaka izidakamizwa iqondiswa ku imisipha endaweni senyonga kusukela kulesi sigaba iziguli imisipha ehlombe kukhona ampofu. Inoculation kwenziwa kanye kuphela endaweni umthamo 0.5 ml.

Ngaphambi ukuvela umgomo kumele zithobele izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha, okuyinto yenzelwa nokuvimbela nemiphumela engadingeki. It ihlaziya isimo sempilo lomuntu, thola khona Izimo.

Ukugoma iyona ndlela kuphela isisebenzi sezimo eziphuthumayo futhi ngaphansi kophiko lwayo. Kuqashwa ikamelo ukwelashwa ukugoma ezinjalo kufanele ifakwe antishock izidakamizwa ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa.

Kwezinye izimo, emva kusungulwa umjovo babonakala ekuqulekeni. Abasebenzi bezempilo, ukugoma, kufanele kube isilungele eziyimbangela yalokhu futhi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ukuvimbela ukulimala ezihlobene ukuwa, kanye ukunikeza ukwelashwa ezidingekayo.

Miningi-ke imiqulu wezokwelapha ukuthi ukucacisa ukuthi umgomo kumele kusetshenziswe "Menaktra". Isimiso lokugoma simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Izinsana abaneminyaka izinyanga 9-23, umgomo efakwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Ngemva wokugoma okokuqala yenza ikhefu izinyanga ezintathu, abese ukwenza yesibili.
• Izingane ezivela eminyakeni emibili, intsha kanye nabantu abadala izidakamizwa iqondiswa intramuscularly, futhi kanye kuphela.

Umuthi inikeza isivikelo isifo meningococcal, esizibonakalisa ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kusukela ngosuku lokugoma. Ukulekelela umthamo kulokhu singanikezwanga.

Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa

Medicine "Menaktra" (wokugoma bukhoma) kungenzeka iqondiswa lihambisana wokugoma polysaccharide, typhoid isixwayiso nesenzakalo. Kuhlanganiswe ne wokugoma adsorbed ngokumelene ngqi futhi idiphtheria. Ukwabelana imigomo engezansi ingahluka kakhulu kulabo abaneminyaka yobudala 11-17 futhi 18-55 iminyaka.

Awukwazi ukubeka kokubili wokugoma "Menaktra" futhi BCG ngokugoma.

Uma imigomo emibili abazenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumelwe kwenziwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Ukuze umjovo ngamunye sebenzisa isipetu ehlukile.

Nokukhulelwa kanye lactation

Ngenxa zokwelapha olubanzi, kwatholakala ukuthi akukho nomthelela omubi sokukhulelwa futhi umgomo fetus 'Menaktra ". Incazelo izidakamizwa, nakuba kutuswa ukuba sisisebenzise lesi sikhathi, uma inzuzo ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukuba umama bulingana ingozi sokuthuthukiswa umbungu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa kwayo kuvunyelwe uma isifo meningococcal kukhona okukhulu, nge umqedazwe noma evakashele endaweni sekuphenduke umkhuba.

Hhayi wafunda ikhono izithako ezisebenzayo komjovo ludlulele ngaphakathi ubisi ibele abesifazane. Ovivinyweni ekuseni yokugoma enjalo amasosha polysaccharides ezitholakala amagundane abasha, iziphi namanje ukusuthisa umama. Leli qiniso yayingakuthinti ukuthuthukiswa inzalo. izifundo ezifanayo ku abantu ungazange sezenziwe.

Ngaphambi goma kowesifazane ngesikhathi lactation, kufanele acabangisise izingozi futhi inzuzo bevela ngokugoma.

Umgomo "Menaktra": side effects

Ngemva lokugoma nale izidakamizwa iziguli eziningi ngokuthi ukusabela okuhlukahlukene ezimbi. Symptomatology ehlukahlukene kuncike eminyakeni yobudala ungubani.

Ngakho, ngo-kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amabili kuya kweyishumi bekulokhu isisa induration, ukuvuvukala kanye ububomvu zone umjovo. Izingane emva yokugoma abangu okuncane, kwakukhona ukozela. Kwezinye izimo, lapho sokuzincisha ukudla, isifo sohudo, ukuphalaza, kanye nemfiva. izingane Elinezinkinga awahlabi, futhi urticaria. Kube Zaziwukubonakaliswa ngesimo arthralgia.

Izingane Ezisathomba iminyaka 11-18 kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18-55, kwakukhona ubuhlungu futhi induration esethulweni yokugoma. Mina baphathwa ikhanda, uhudo, nokuhlanza. Kwavela ukukhathala. Kwehliswe iphango. ukuqubuka, arthralgia livele. Kube imfiva, ukucobeka jikelele, imfiva.

Kwakukhona ahlukahlukene hypersensitivity ukuphendula. Guillain-Barre syndrome uyalandelwa, ukulahlekelwa esinqunyiwe inkumbulo, ukuquleka, ukukhubazeka we emsipheni ebusweni, paresthesia, myelitis transverse, isiyezi, encephalomyelitis eqonda ngefomu acute, myalgia.

Meningococcal wokugoma "Menaktra" ukutheleleka kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izifo, kodwa simnene futhi zinyamalale phakathi nesonto ngemva wokugoma.

Izixwayiso

"Menaktra" wokugoma meningitis Kunconywa abantu kwandisa amathuba athole izifo meningococcal. Laba abantu abaye ukuxhumana ngqo iziguli ezinegciwane meningococcus. Kufanele wenze abantu wokugoma nge properdin ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukungezwani futhi umphelelisi izingxenye. Umgomo izakhamizi bunamandla asplenia. Ingase futhi kuyo abantu wokujikeleza ezindaweni hyperendemic, futhi abasebenzi laboratory njalo baqhuba izifundo ezihlukahlukene on imiphumela igciwane N. Meningitidis. Odokotela batusa lokhu umuthi wokugomela abafundi abahlala kule ndawo ababelala kuyo, futhi ababuthiwe.

Umuthi akufanele iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi, intra- noma phansi kwesikhumba. nangemiphumela engaba khona lemininingwane efana ukufakwa Awekho nemithi.

Ungalokothi uxhume leli wokugoma kwelinye isipetu nezinye izidakamizwa.

Hhayi wafunda umthelela yokugoma iziguli thrombocytopenia noma kubantu abaphethwe iziyaluyalu ukopha. Kukhona ingozi ukopha lapho zaphathwa intramuscularly. Endabeni yokugoma imikhiqizo abanjalo kumelwe acabangele izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nezinzuzo.

A isibonelo esifanayo siyenzeka nge Guillain-Barre syndrome. Kwakukhona amacala ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo ngemva kokuphathwa wokugoma. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kobuso yokugoma, abaphethwe Guillain-Barre syndrome, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela zonke izingozi ezingase zibe khona.

Umuthi akuvimbeli meningitis senziwa nezinye ezincane-eziphilayo namagciwane, kanye izifo ezibangwa serogroup meningococcal B ukutheleleka

Ngo abantu buthaka omzimba nalabo ukwelashwa immunosuppressive ngokuvamile encishisiwe amasosha omzimba ukuvela "Menaktra" imigomo. Impendulo zokuzivikela mzimba kungenziwa elakhiwe hhayi zonke iziguli ezisebungozini obulinganayo 100%.

Ngaphambi oluzayo lokugoma sezimo eziphuthumayo noma udokotela kufanele wazise iziguli ngezingozi noma izinzuzo imigomo esasikhipha, kanye imiphumela engemihle.

Izibuyekezo yokugoma

Zibonisa okusezingeni eliphezulu chemical ubumsulwa, nisekeliwe inquma eside Ukuvikelwa omzimba bese multivalency "Menaktra" (umjovo). Amazwana ngalokhu inoculation ikakhulukazi omuhle.

Omama abaningi ukubeka umgomo izingane zabo zisencane, futhi kamuva. Bathi it kwamukeleka kahle futhi ayivamile ukubangela ukusabela ezingezinhle. Ezinye izingane emva yokugoma ngezinsuku zokuqala laligujwa ukwanda izinga lokushisa lomzimba kusukela 37,2 40 ° C. Ngokuthi ukucasuka ngokweqile, kwehle iphango. Odokotela ekuphenduleni omama isasasa ngalo ethi kuyinto evamile, nokuthi amasosha omzimba ukuba umgomo ngakho kufanele abunjwe. Ngenhlanhla, izenzakalo ezinjalo esikhathi esifushane, futhi ngendlela lo mama ngiyekile ukukhathazeka ngokushesha ngoba isimo ingane yabo.

Futhi, odokotela belulekwa ukuba anikeze umuthi wokugoma, "Fenistil" noma ezinye izidakamizwa ngokumelene komzimba. Abantu abadala abangaqondi ngokuvamile ikubekezelele kahle, ngaphandle imiphumela engemihle.

Abanye abantu abaqondi, kungani enze lokugoma ezinjalo ngaphandle udokotela. Phawula ukuthi labo abahlala eRussia, akunakwenzeka ukuba wusizo, njengoba iningi labantu abangaboni baguliswe meningitis, aluthola lesi sifo hhayi ngenxa meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, W-135, futhi ngenxa izifo adlulisiwe. Bathi ifomu olunzima kunalo lonke ake meningitis kuba meningococcal serogroup B, futhi kuwo kuze kube manje akukho wokugoma.

Naphezu impikiswano, abantu abaningi baba umgomo "Menakra" bakuthole bona nezingane zabo. imiphumela engemihle kukalutshwana kakhulu, kodwa ivikela ngabanye ezifeni meningococcal kukho konke ukuphila. Leli qiniso kuqinisekisiwe isixwayiso kwasindisa izinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni wonke.