Ultrasonic wugqinsi: ezisebenza izimiso, imiyalelo, abakhiqizi, ukubuyekezwa

Ultrasonic nesilinganiso ukujiya kuyinto indlela non-elimazayo sokunquma ububanzi impahla eyodwa emaceleni. Kuyinto fast, onokwethenjelwa, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, futhi, ngokungafani kuya micrometer noma caliper, akudingi ukufinyelela zombili into. I izinzwa lokuqala commercial, usebenzisa isimiso sonar, uvele 1940 ngasekupheleni. amadivayisi amancane ephathekayo, elungiselelwe anhlobonhlobo izicelo, baye sekuyinsakavukela 1970s. Futhi emisha sekhompiyutha ubuchwepheshe buye baholela ileveli entsha ngokunemba, ubulula miniaturization.

amadivaysi Production izibandakanye ezinhlelweni eziningi ezinkulu izinkampani abaziwayo. Phakathi kwabo - inkampani German Siemens, American Dakota Ultrasonics, British Cygnus. ERussia, amadivaysi ezivezwa izinkampani ezifana SPF "AKS" NPK "Beam", SPC "MaksProfit" nabanye.

Yini engase alinganiswe?

Cishe noma yimuphi ezivamile impahla ukwakhiwa lingalinganiswa usebenzisa ultrasound. Izinzwa Ultrasonic kungenziwa amisiwe izinsimbi, epulasitikini, inhlanganisela, ingilazi, zobumba kanye namabhodlela. Futhi izilinganiso okungenzeka amapulasitiki extruded futhi esigingqwe senqubo yokukhiqiza - izingqimba ohlukile noma ezinengilazi, futhi izihloko multilayer, uketshezi futhi zezinhlobo begazi. Enye ukusebenza lapho nje kudingeka ukujiya ultrasonic, - ukuzimisela ukushuba isitini futhi izakhiwo ngokhonkolo, asphalt namadwala. izilinganiso ezinjalo cishe njalo non-elimazayo futhi akudingi ahlabayo noma disassembly luhlobo.

Izinto ukuthi ayifanele ezivamile nesilinganiso ultrasonic ngenxa yokudlulisela abampofu amagagasi ephezulu imvamisa, zihlanganisa ukhuni, iphepha, ukhonkolo kanye nemikhiqizo foamed.

Indlela ukukala?

amandla Sound kungenziwa elakhiwe phezu ububanzi imvamisa bohlu. Kuvele umsindo ezwakalayo ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 20 kuya 20 kHz. Ayanda imvamisa, ayanda ithoni waqonda. Amandla of imvamisa ephakeme ngaphezu angezwakali ezindlebeni zomuntu, okuthiwa i-ultrasound. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa ultrasonic wenziwa ibanga lokuvama kusuka 500 kHz kuya ku-20 MHz, nakuba amanye amathuluzi ezikhethekile ifinyelela 50 kHz noma 100 MHz. Kungakhathaliseki imvamisa, amandla sonic kuyinto kunyakaza mechanical kuyoshaya e konemimoya kuchazwa, ezifana emoyeni noma steel, ngokuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo amagagasi physics.

Ukuze izilinganiso usebenzisa ultrasonic odongeni ukujiya geji. Isimiso ezisebenza zedivayisi siqukethe kulesi sibalo esiqondile isikhathi ishayela elisendleleni probe ezincane (transducer) ngokusebenzisa into yokukala, kubonakala ubuso bayo kwangaphakathi noma udonga distal. Njengoba amaza omsindo ezibonisa off imingcele phakathi izinto ezingafani, Kulesi silinganiso ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngesandla esisodwa, ku "ishayela / echo".

Transducer yakhiwa isici piezoelectric okuyinto ezazivuswa emfushane ishayela kagesi ukukhiqiza amagagasi ezehlukene ultrasonic. Basuke ithunyelwa impahla elinganisiwe, idlule uze nazo odongeni emuva noma ezinye isithiyo. Igagasi kubonakala ubuyela transducer oguqula kunyakaza mechanical ibe amandla kagesi. Eqinisweni, ultrasonic ukujiya Izikali ukulalela Echoes ngaphesheya. Ngokuvamile, isikhawu phakathi zithunyelwe kanye isignali kubonakala kuphela engu ambalwa yesibili. Idivayisi angena idatha ku the velocity umsindo asendabeni okuyindawo Ungakwazi ke ukubala ukujiya ngokusebenzisa ubuhlobo elula zezibalo: d = V t / 2, lapho:

• d - ukushuba we ingxenye;
• V - Isivinini umsindo;
• t - kulinganiswa isikhathi le ndima umsindo.

Kuvele ipharamitha ezibalulekile

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ijubane womsindo into ngaphansi cwaningo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yalesi sibalo. izinto ezahlukene ukudlulisa ehlukile amaza omsindo. Njengoba umthetho, ukudla okuqinile ngaphezu kwaso, futhi elithambile - ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu nge lokushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumele njalo ulinganiswe ultrasonic ukujiya Izikali isivinini asendabeni elinganisiwe, kusuka lapho kuncike ngqo ukunemba ukufundwa.

amaza omsindo ku MHz isukela ngokusebenzisa emoyeni ihlolwe okubi, ngakho ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa umsindo phakathi emitter kanye isampula ibekwe iconsi coupling uketshezi. Ngokuvamile, couplant esetshenziswa glycerol, propylene glycol, amanzi, amafutha kanye gel. Kuphela esincane fluid bagcwalise umncane kakhulu emoyeni igebe.

nesilinganiso izindlela

Abakhiqizi ukujiya ultrasonic yokulinganisa isikhathi sokuphumula amandla edabula ndlovu test ngezindlela ezintathu:

1. Isikhawu phakathi ishayela excitation, okudala igagasi umsindo kanye echo zokuqala ezibuyayo lokususa nenani esincane offset, ukubambezeleka offset e ithuluzi, futhi ikhebula Converter.
2. Isikhawu esiphakathi Echoes wabuya ebusweni isampula futhi owokuqala kubonakala Echoes.
3. Isikhawu phakathi Echoes emibili elandelanayo phansi.

Ukukhetha ngokuvamile kufuna uhlobo transducer, nezimfuneko ezithile isicelo. Imodi lokuqala isetshenziswa inzwa contact futhi Kunconywa izicelo eziningi. Eyesibili ukubambezeleka umugqa transducers samanje noma acwiliselwa isetshenziswa ngilugweda kanye evele ayizindunduma endaweni avaliwe, sokulinganisa material ezihambayo noma okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa izinto.

Imodi lwesithathu futhi isebenzisa umugqa ukubambezeleka noma ukucwiliswa izinzwa kanye ngokuvamile inikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kanye best okungenani isinqumo ukujiya. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa lapho izilinganiso izinga imodi lokuqala noma lesibili abanelisi. Nokho, imodi wesibili kuphela ezifanelekela izinto ukukhiqiza Echoes ehlanzekile amaningi, njengoba umthetho, ne Damping ongaphakeme njengalelo ngezinto okuncane, ingilazi, izitsha zobumba.

Izinhlobo ezimbili amadivayisi

Ultrasonic Izikali ukujiya kuvame lahlukaniswa izinhlobo: ukugqwala nokunemba. Omunye izicelo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzimisela ububanzi asalile metal izindonga amapayipi, izitsha, izingxenye zesakhiwo nezitsha ingcindezi okuhambisana ukugqwala yangaphakathi futhi zingase zingabonakali kusuka ngaphandle. Ubukhulu gauge, ukugqwala ultrasonic futhi zenzelwe le njongo. Basebenzisa signal processing amasu ukuthi elungiselelwe ukuthola sakugcina asalile odongeni ububanzi e amasampula indawo futhi egqwalile nge ezikhethekile-elementi ezimbili izinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, kuba uncoma ukusetshenziswa ngokunemba amathuluzi converters olulodwa - I-izinsimbi, epulasitikini, fiberglass, inhlanganisela, injoloba kanye izitsha zobumba. Ngu sebuningini izinzwa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ngokunemba, ungakwazi ukukala nge ukunemba ± 0.025 mm noma ngaphezulu, okuyinto ephakeme ukwedlula iphenya ukugqwala.

Standard ultrasonic ukujiya Izikali ihlukaniswa by injongo, degree ezishintshayo, Ukuvikelwa ekuvezweni imvelo, ukumelana ukucindezeleka mechanical, futhi inquma izinkomba zabo eziyinhloko.

izinhlobo converters

• Imininingwane transducers asetshenziswa ukuthintana ngqo ukuhlolwa isampula. Izilinganiso nabo kalula, kanjalo bajwayele kaningi.
• Converters ukubambezeleka umugqa zimumethe plastic, epoxy noma asebenza ngebhethri isilinda njengenhlangano phakathi element asebenzayo futhi into yokuhlola. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwabo - Ukumeda lezinto nomzimba omncane, lapho kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa pulses excitation kusukela echo phansi. Umugqa ukubambezeleka singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela yisivikelo ukushisa, ukuvikela lokushisa umtshina ebucayi isici ngokuxhumana ngqo izinto ezishisayo. Futhi, zingase zimiswe, ekuthuthukiseni isango e ngilugweda abukhali noma evele convex.
• transducers ngwenya ngoba usinika amandla acoustic kungxenye wokulinganisa usebenzisa okugeza amanzi noma ikholomu. Basuke esetshenziselwa nesilinganiso izinto ezihambayo, ngoba ukuskena noma nokwenza kokubonisa ebukhoneni radii abukhali, anemifantu noma iziteshi.
• Converters oluxube amabili asetshenziswa shirinomerah ezonakalisayo sokunquma ububanzi bezinto nge anolaka, ebusweni konakalisa. Siqukethe okuxhunyanwa ahlukene nokwamukela isici efakwe engela kancane emgqeni ukubambezeleka ukugxila amandla buqamama ezikhethiwe ngaphansi kwamanzi isampuli kulinganiswa. Nakuba izilinganiso ezinjalo azibona ngokuyikho nezinye izinhlobo izinzwa, bavamise kukhuluma asebenza kakhulu kunalokhu.

Ultrasonic Kala wugqinsi: imfundo

Ukuze silungiselele transducer nesilinganiso Kumele uxhumeke idivayisi, uyivule, setha ijubane umsindo futhi ulinganise. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isicelo kancane impahla contact lokube Samandla, unamathisele inzwa bese unika amandla Samandla imodi. Le nqubo kumele njalo kwenziwe emva esikhundleni inverter noma ibhethri. Okuhlukile aziwayo Samandla ukujiya kanye nesivinini umsindo.

Ukuze izilinganiso kufanele usetshenziswe kobuso into nokwenza contact ejenti inzwa. Umphumela uboniswa esibukweni. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa idivayisi ikumodi scan, isibonelo, ukucinga ukushuba owesincane impahla. Kungenzeka futhi ukulungisa i-alamu ukuhlonza izindawo usayizi udonga ngaphansi kwenani iqoqo.

Ukuze ekulinganiseni ijubane umsindo singenakulinganiswa into caliper noma micrometer, unamathisele Converter bese ulinda yi. Ngokubeka ukubaluleka pre-kulinganiswa, cindezela inkinobho ukuthi zilondoloze idatha kumemori. Amanye amadivayisi ukuvumela ukudlulisa idatha ku-PC.

Ubukhulu Ultrasonic: Izibuyekezo

Abasebenzisi kahle ukuhlola ubukhulu compact, kalula yokusetshenziswa, ukuthembeka, kalula Samandla amadivayisi yesimanje. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukungabi khona izindlela amadivayisi yalolu hlobo lapho ehlolisisa isimo izimoto, ikhwalithi nokusebenza bodywork. Idivayisi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi noma ngabe imoto iwukuba repaint futhi ukuthi kwathiwa ingozi. Ubukhulu, for okungekho couplant edingekayo, kanye onekhono ukuba afeze self-Samandla, athandwa kakhulu.

Material zebanga

Ultrasonic ukujiya, isimiso zazo kuyakhethwa kuncike Ukwakheka, ukulinganisa uhla, i-geometry, izinga lokushisa, izidingo ukunemba nezinye izimo kungenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi nje elibalulekile.

uhlobo lwento kanye nobungako izilinganiso tintfo letibaluleke kakhulu idivayisi Ukukhetha futhi inverter. izinto eziningi, kuhlanganise izinsimbi eziningi, izitsha zobumba futhi ingilazi, ultrasound wenziwa kakhulu ngempumelelo futhi sivumela izilinganiso in ezahlukahlukene. amapulasitiki abaningi lokunciphisa amandla, okubenza babe elinganiselwe esiphezulu ukujiya ububanzi, kodwa ezimweni eziningi umsebenzi nesilinganiso akakubangeli izinkinga. Rubber, fiberglass futhi izinto eziningi esiyinhlanganisela ukuncela Sinemandla futsi zidinga omoya ngaphezulu kanye abamukelayo ukuthi elungiselelwe ukusebenza ngesikhathi imisindo ephansi.

Ubukhulu inquma uhlobo Converter. izinto Izacile kulinganiswa at amaza okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi obukhulu noma Damping - ongaphakeme. Ukuze izinto mncane kakhulu esetshenziswa ukubambezeleka umugqa, nakuba, kanye transducers ngwenya kulinganiselwe izilinganiso ukujiya ngenxa nokugxambukela echo amaningi. Endabeni izinto eziningi noma izinto ehlanganisa izinto eziningana kungadinga izinhlobo ezahlukene izinzwa.

Ugobile ebusweni

Nge ukwanda nekusebenta ugobile ebusweni ukuxhumana phakathi transducer kanye into okumele kulinganiswa kuyehla, Nokho nge nokuncipha engaba ugobile kumele kwehle inzwa isixazululo. Nesilinganiso radii encane kakhulu kungadinga ukusetshenziswa ukubambezeleka imigqa noma imininingwane yokuxhumana transducers ngwenya. Lemisebenti ingaphindze esetshenziselwa izilinganiso e anemifantu, izimbotshana nakwezinye izindawo ngokufinyelela okunqunyelwe.

lokushisa

Imininingwane transducers ngokuvamile kusebenza into ezingeni lokushisa 50 ° C. izinto ashisayo kungalimaza inzwa ngenxa umphumela ukunwetshwa ezishisayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele usebenzise inverters nge ukubambezeleka umugqa, ukushisa nemithi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma ukucwiliswa inzwa izici ezimbili ngokuyinhloko.

Kwezinye izimo, kanye ongaphakeme acoustic impedance into (ukuminyana iphindwe Isivinini umsindo) ehlangene impahla nge impedance okusezingeni eliphezulu acoustic. izibonelo ejwayelekile - plastic, injoloba kanye ingilazi enamathela ngensimbi noma nezinye izinsimbi, ingilazi bese enamathela polymeric. Kulokhu echo kusukela emngceleni phakathi izinto ezimbili ngeke fazoinvertirovannym - nabokhulumile ngenhlonipho lo msindo kusukela emngceleni ne air. Lokhu ezingelapheka ngokumane ekushintsheni izilungiselelo zedivayisi, kodwa uma kungenziwa lutho, bese ukufunda kuyoba enganembile.

iphutha

Ukunemba nesilinganiso kuthintwa ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise ukuqinisekiswa ultrasonic ukujiya Izikali futhi Samandla zabo, velocity ukufana e ketshezi, attenuation futhi kusakazeka umsindo, ebusweni maholoholo futhi ebusweni ugobile, ukukhulumisana akukuhle futhi impindamqondo phansi. Ukunemba kwenteka kancono usebenzisa amazinga usayizi ezaziwayo. Nge iphutha efanele Samandla ukujiya ultrasonic ka ± 0,01 mm ngisho ± 0.001 mm. ukubambezeleka umugqa noma ukucwiliswa transducers ikumodi lwesithathu futhi ukunemba ukulinganisa.