Ukwahlukaniswa amafutha

Amafutha isetshenziswa gcoba injini emotweni. Kuyinto uhlobo. Kukhethwa incike uhlobo injini nazo zonke izimo lapho imoto siqhutshwa.

Namuhla, motor amafutha zihlukaniswe ngezizathu ezintathu: ngohlobo, viscosity, inhloso yazo futhi izinga.

1. Uhlobo. Kulokhu, ukuhlukanisa amaminerali kuyinto zokwenziwa kanye lulwimi zokwenziwa amafutha. I amaminerali ifomu ibhalwe ngokuxuba base distillate futhi amafutha asalile. It has eziphansi futhi kufanelekile motors kakhulu. uhlobo Zokwenziwa ezibizayo, kodwa ukusebenza high. La mafutha esihlahla ingasetshenziswa zonke izimo zezulu bese nganoma iyiphi inkathi yonyaka. Semi-synthetic etholwe ngokuxuba laba ababili langaphambilini, ngakho has a ukusebenza okungcono ukwedlula version amaminerali, kanye intengo aphansi ukwedlula zokwenziwa. uwoyela ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo izinjini.

2. viscosity. Lena kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu. Kusekelwe amafutha ngezigaba Sae J-300, it has a oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala futhi ongakhetha eziyisithupha ebusika. Lesi sakamuva ibonisa incwadi «w» (25w, 20w, 15W, 10w, 5w, 0w). Ngaphansi kwenani lokuqala, viscosity amafutha ngezansi okushisa zero futhi kalula kwenziwe ukuqalisa ikhompiyutha yenjini. Ngokwesibonelo, uma 0w viscosity, futha ngeke ikwazi ukumpompa uwoyela ezingeni lokushisa 35 ° C ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, futhi motor ukuziqalela ngeke pheqela ezingeni lokushisa - 30 ° C. Inkomba ye viscosity kuyinto 3.8 mm2 / c. Uma viscosity Sae - 25W, kungenzeka pumpability ngesikhathi - 10 ° C, futhi ukuqondisa - at - 5 ° C (viscosity kinematic kuyinto 9.3 mm2 / c). Running amafutha okhonjiswe izinombolo 60, bese 50, 40, 30 no-20 Kukhona imikhiqizo jikelele kokuba isiqu double: owokuqala - ebusika, kwesibili - ekilasini ngonyaka (Sae 10W-30, isibonelo).

3. Ukwahlukanisa amafutha by ukuqokwa lubahlukanise ku labo ezisetshenziswa uphethiloli izinjini kanye nalezo ezisetshenziselwa udizili. Kukhona futhi imikhiqizo ejwayelekile. On izinga bonke babe ezingeni noma ongaphakeme noma okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngu injongo motor amafutha ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izinhlelo eziningana: Melika nawaseYurophu, okuyinto kutholakale umsuka wendaba yesihluku ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Uhlelo European ubhekwa ezibophayo kakhulu. Kuye izakhiwo injini amafutha (anti-ukuguga, anti-namachibi, anti-ukugqwala, ukuhlanza, njll) isethwe kodwa nokuthi basonta ekilasini elithile.

American uhlelo uwoyela-API ihlukane lezo zigaba: «S» for likaphethiloli izinjini futhi "C" for udizili.

Ukwahlukanisa amafutha zalesi simiso simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- for uphethiloli izinjini - SM (2004), SL (2001) ngisho SJ (1996), SH (1993), SG (1989);

- udizili - CI-4 (2002), CH-4 (1998), omunye CG-4 (1995), CF (1994) kanye, yebo, CF-2 (1994), CE (1987), i-CD-II ( 1987).

Izincwadi ngemva S futhi C abonisa izinga umkhiqizo. Kungcono uma le ncwadi eminye phansi zamagama. uwoyela Namuhla esinelebuli «B» futhi «A» ayihlelwa, ngoba ongaphakeme yokusebenza amanani.

Uhlelo European kabanzi futhi uchaza izakhiwo endaweni lapho esetshenziswa uwoyela motor. Ukwahlukanisa ACEA has ncamashi amathathu izigaba: "A" for uphethiloli, kanye "B" futhi "E" I-diesel. Kusukela ngo-2004, kwaba khona ekilasini "C", afaneleka zombili izinhlobo uwoyela.

Ukwahlukanisa amafutha ohlelweni European simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- for uphethiloli izinjini (izimoto namaveni) - A5-2002, A4-98, A3-96, futhi A2-96 namanje, A1-96;

- Udizili (izimoto namaveni) - V5-2002, V4-98, V3-96, V2-96, futhi ekugcineni V1-96;

- izinjini amaloli namaloli - E5-99, E4-99, E4-98, E3-96, E2-96, futhi E1-96.

I emikhulu inombolo wokugubha, amafutha (motor) ikhwalithi ephakeme. Unyaka eshiwo ikhonco, kungunyaka ukwamukelwa of the sebhithi.

Njalo umshayeli ungakhetha uwoyela motor ukuthi ebona kufaneleka khona. Nokho, okuthandayo lakubo ngenxa yayo, ngandlela-thile, ngeke esekelwe ngezigaba ngenhla.