Ngezigaba Rational motor amafutha

Ukukhethwa okunengqondo motor amafutha lubaluleke operation okuqhubekayo kwanoma iyiphi injini yemoto. Ngakho-ke, lesi senzakalo kufanele inikwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona ngeengaba eziningi motor amafutha ezahlukene. Amapharamitha main eziyimbangela yokuhlupheka kwabo kukhona okulandelayo:

• thayipha;
• viscosity;
• izinga.

Okuvame kakhulu kwabo bonke ngezigaba motor amafutha ngohlobo:

• Mineral injini amafutha. inzuzo yabo enkulu izindleko sasivumela ongaphakeme. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi nomkhakha we ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amafutha akuyona ebanzi kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza kwenziwa ngokuxuba amafutha asalile kanye / noma distilyatnyh.
• Zokwenziwa motor amafutha. Inzuzo main yikhono zisebenzisa cishe zonke izimo. Yilokho nje izindleko wabo ngokuvamile ezazizinkulu ngokwanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye eliphezulu asetshenziswa inqubo ukukhiqizwa, kanye imishini eyinkimbinkimbi.
• Semi-zokwenziwa uwoyela motor. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kuzuzisa kakhulu kokubili imoto futhi umnikazi walo. La mafutha injini akubizi, ezisiza ekunciphiseni petrol, futhi sibe ukusebenza okuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo angasetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo izinjini.

Ukwahlukaniswa motor amafutha ngu viscosity yabo (Sae-ngezigaba) kuvamile impela. Ngokusho le nkomba, bahlukene zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ebusika;
• ehlobo;
• isizini.

Ukumaka injini amafutha ohlobo ebusika Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izincwadi "W" (0W, 5W, 10W, nokunye). Ephakeme inomboro ngaphambi ncwadi, ayanda viscosity. Njengoba for ehlobo motor amafutha, wona nawo wonke imakwe izinombolo kuphela osebenzisa isimiso esifana. amafutha Multigrade ngempela nezibalo 2 egameni lakhe egcwele. Kulokhu-ke eyokuqala babo libonisa viscosity uwoyela ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, kanti eyesibili - viscosity ashukumisayo -150 ^o C kinematic at 100 ^o C.

Ngokusobala, kunzima kakhulu Ukwahlukaniswa izinga uwoyela motor. isisekelo salo sabekwa ngo-1947, lapho kwakukhona okuthiwa i-API-ukushiyana kwezidalwa. Kwakuthinta eyayihambisana izikhathi eziningana. ngezigaba Modern yalolu hlobo sihlehlela emuva 2001. Ngokusho kwakhe, zonke motor amafutha zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi:

• isevisi: 9 kuhlanganisa amakilasi;
• commercial: kuhlanganisa amakilasi 10.

Zonke amafutha motor kusukela servise izigaba zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa e izinjini ukuthi zihamba ngophethiloli. Ngokuphathelene amafutha kwezohwebo, ziklanyelwe for udizili powertrains.

Kukhona 1 ngaphezulu ngezigaba motor amazinga izinga uwoyela - ACEA. Kuhlukanisa zonke izinhlobo amafutha ngemacembu 3: A, B no-C Eyokuqala yalezi kuhlanganisa 3 izinhlobo: A1, A2 futhi A3. Ziklanyelwe for izinjini ezisebenza uphethiloli. Iqembu lesibili ihlukaniswe 4 izinhlobo: B1, B2, B3 futhi B4. La mafutha injini zenziwa ukusetshenziswa ukukhanya diesel, okuyinto efakwe izimoto ezithwala futhi namaveni senziwa ngesisekelo yabo. Iqembu lesithathu sihlanganisa 4 izinhlobo amafutha: C1, C2, C3 kanye C4. Zisetshenziswa esindayo diesel, okuyinto anemisila amaloli.