Ukwahlukanisa welds nezihlanganiso

Ukuphumelela kanye nokusebenza zincike ukutholakala impahla ithuluzi namakhono. Ukuze aphumelele kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiqondiso wayengumuntu, kakhulu kuthonya ulwazi theory. umsebenzi zokushisela ubhekwa phakathi ezivamile.

Ukuze lolu hlobo msebenzi izincwadi ezidingekayo, imishini, isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi theory. Njengoba kahle ulwazi olufanele, umuntu uthola umbono walokho umthungo okuyinto kukhona ngezigaba welds nokuthi ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu coupling imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene metal.

Uyini weld?

Phakathi nenqubo Welding kuhilela ingxenye ezintathu metal: oxhumene by wesithathu, okuyinto uba i electrode banamathele ezimbili izingcezu yensimbi. Eslphambanweni nomunye izingxenye metallic kwenzeka inqubo ezishisayo, ukwakha umphetho. Ngakho, umphetho - iyingxenye isakhiwo sensimbi, okuholela nokusondelana yensimbi tho futhi eqina.

Ukujoyina ngu Welding kungaba yisiphi izinsimbi. Sinenkosi isakhiwo yabo ethile, owawuthi akhethiwe uhlobo oluthile lokubopha. Ukwahlukanisa welds ezenziwe, kuye ngohlobo elihlangana, impahla, kanye neminye imingcele. Ukuze kwakwakhe ngamunye has imithetho yayo siqu futhi oda zabo ngokubulawa.

Ubukhulu

Kukhona Ukwahlukaniswa welds ubude. Kuye ngobukhulu, le welds yilezi:

• Dlala. Usayizi ingeqi cm 30. Umphetho okunjalo kuvela ngenxa Welding, kwenziwe kwelinye direction kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
• Isilinganiso. umphetho obuphelele - 30 cm 1 imitha. Lezi ezivuzayo basuke eziphothene kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle. Kubo, indlela ekahle ukuze ulondoloze-step. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi wonke umphetho kuhlukaniswe eziningana, nakho okwenziwa ngu Welding. Ngayinye yalezi izingxenye has a ubude 10 kuya ku-30 cm.
• Long (imitha ezingaphezu kweyodwa). Ashiselwe futhi kwenza amalunga omzimba naphakathi, ne umehluko kuphela nokuba ukuthi isibalo iziza kuyoba ngaphezulu.

Izinhlobo welds

Ukwahlukanisa welds Kwenziwa futhi by obandayo hlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezine izinhlobo ukuxhumana:

• Butt;
• T-bar;
• ithanga;
• emincane.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu

Phakathi Butt elihlangana is kunakwe ukushuba komkhiqizo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ugcine ingxenye enkulu into.

Butt isango kubhekwa ethandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo Welding - esheshayo ukonga kakhulu.

T-Welding. Izici kanye nezincomo

Ukuze lolu hlobo bamba isici T-ukuma ngokujoyina metal izihloko. Njengoba e Butt ukuzibandakanya, ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukushuba we metal, okuya ngokuthi yikuphi sele olulodwa emaceleni futhi kabili emaceleni.

Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo bamba, kufanele ukuba ubambelele iziqondiso ezilandelayo:

• Buciko Welding at tee coupling imikhiqizo ezimbili kokuba ugqinsi ezahlukene, kubalulekile Welding ithoshi maqondana umkhiqizo mkhulu ukugcina i-engela degrees 60.
• umsebenzi zokushisela kulula uma beka ukwakhiwa "emkhunjini." sesimweni okunjalo workpiece uyoqeda liyehlisa, ngifisa ehlaza izindawo kwalolu hlobo bamba kukhona ukukhubazeka ezivamile.
• Uma pass eyodwa Welding ithoshi kungaba ingaphumeleli, kusukela izingxenye enesici angahlala, kufanele ubilise kokwenza Welding electrode oscillation.
• I T-amalunga omzimba futhi kungaba gcina Welding emaceleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa imishini Welding Oineo Tronic Pulse, okuvumela RW-phisa.

Welding ukugqagqana

Isimiso yalolu hlobo uxhumano liqukethe Welding zamazwe amabili izihloko kabani ukujiya akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-1 cm. Lokhu Welding sisetshenziswa lapho kudingeke khona ukuze avimbele umswakama ngokufaka igebe phakathi amapuleti steel. Kumiswa umphetho is by umsebenzi ezimbili ezinjalo. Lolu hlobo amalunga eziphothene kubhekwa isikhathi eside futhi akuyona ukonga, njengoba umsebenzi kudinga izinto ezingaphezu.

isango emincane

Lolu hlobo lwe-Welding isetshenziselwa ngokujoyina metal izihloko esimweni perpendicular nomunye. Kuye ukushuba we Welding ishidi ekhoneni libhekene khona noma ukungabi khona emaphethelweni chamfered. Uma kudingeka, lokhu uhlobo uxhumano senziwa ingaphakathi umkhiqizo.

Ifomu welds

Ukwahlukanisa welds ukuze ebusweni elingaphandle ichaza izinhlobo ezintathu:

• Flat. Effective umthwalo ashukumisayo futhi kushintshana, ngoba lezi ezivuzayo (njenge ngilugweda) akukho lokuhlushwa ukucindezeleka ukuthi kungabangela ushintsho olusheshayo ukubhubhisa isango Welding.
• Ngilugweda. Uthathwa weld ovumelekile concavity, esingeqile 0.3 cm. Kungenjalo concavity weld kubhekwa ngokweqile futhi kubhekwa njengendlela isici. Ayephila ezingeni concavity endaweni lapho kukhona kuka enkulu.
• Bulging ezivuzayo. Vuka ukwenyuka kwezinga semali metal eqina futhi ezibhekwa uneconomic. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, joint weld, enikeza umphetho ayizindunduma ngempumelelo umthwalo static ngaphandle kwakwakhe nge weld flat noma ngilugweda. convexity ukubonisa - ibanga ukusuka ebusweni metal umzali iphuzu esiphezulu the protrusion. Standard kubhekwe protuberances esingeqile 0.2 cm, eyenziwe nezinye izikhundla Welding ephansi futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka 0.3 cm kwabashiselayo.

Ukwahlukanisa welds isikhundla emkhathini

Ngokwe umbandela indawo emkhathini kukhona izinhlobo ezine namalunga, ngamunye ephethe izici zayo siqu kanye nezincomo kwabashiselayo:

• ezivuzayo Lower. Esikhathini isici lobuchwepheshe kukhona elula kakhulu. Zokushisela we ezivuzayo aphansi senziwa phezu flat in the isikhundla phansi. Le nqubo libhekene umkhiqizo eliphezulu futhi izinga. Lokhu kungenxa enezimo ezingcono ukuze UWelder. Metal Rasplavlivaemy isisindo sayo iqondiswa nendawo ngokufanele okugeza eziphothene. Phakathi ukupheka ezinkulu aphansi kulula ukulandela. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokushesha.
• amalunga omzimba evundlile. Ashiselwe kancane nzima. Inkinga wukuthi metal liyancibilika bedle isisindo yayo iba ndikindiki emaphethelweni engezansi. Lokhu kungase kusho liyehlisa esifundeni onqenqemeni engenhla.
• amalunga omzimba okumile. Compounds zibangelwa imikhiqizo metal ahlelwe indiza mpo.
• Ceiling amalunga omzimba. Lokhu Welding kubhekwa siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke futhi enesibopho. Elinesimo esincane wenduduzo. Phakathi nenqubo Welding utrudnyaetsya Ukukhetha slags bese kuthi amagesi. Naleli bhizinisi ukuba babhekane hhayi wonke umuntu udinga eziningi isipiliyoni, ngakho kanjani baqhubeke bewela phezu kobuso slag akulula ukuba bathuthuke. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga kanye namandla we uxhumano.

Njengoba okhonjiswe welds nokuxhumana?

Ukwahlukanisa futhi ukuqokwa welds zenziwe ekhethekile imifanekiso, imigqa kanye callouts. Basuke ezibekwe phezu umdwebo inhlangano futhi isakhiwo ngokwaso. Ukwahlukanisa welds nezihlanganiso kuboniswa, ngokuvumelana idokhumenti ejwayelekile, ngemigqa ekhethekile, okungase okuqhubekayo noma ephukile. Okuqhubekayo esiqokiwe welds ebonakalayo, ashabalala - engabonakali.

Izimpawu Weld ibekwe eshalofini we umholi (uma umphetho itholakala ohlangothini front). Noma, kunalokho, ngaphansi eshalofini, uma umphetho iseningizimu at the ezingemuva. Ngosizo isithonjana kubonisa Ukwahlukaniswa welds, intermittence yabo, indawo kwabashiselayo izingxenye.

Vala imifanekiso emikhulu, ekhona ezweni ezengeziwe. Ziqukethe sendlalelolwati:

• ukhipha yokuqinisa weld;
• ukwelashwa ebusweni for ushintsho bushelelezi kuya metal isizinda kanye ukuvimbela nokuwohloka kanye bokungafani;
• komugqa phezu lapho umphetho (noma ngabe ivaliwe).

Ukuze izakhiwo ezifanayo futhi izingxenye izivakashi, kukhona notation ejwayelekile kanye nezimfuneko zomsebenzi. Uma kukhona ezifanayo ukwakhiwa amalunga omzimba, ke kungcono ukunikeza izinombolo serial futhi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu, okuyizinto nezalo lula izinombolo kunikezelwe. Lonke ulwazi ku mangaki amaqembu nezinhlangano kufanele icaciswe idokhumenti normative.

isikhundla ngokuhlanganyela

Ukwahlukanisa weld umphetho kusekelwe isikhundla. Ziyakwazi:

• Sohlangothi olulodwa. Akhiwa Welding amashidi, ukushuba zazo ingeqi 0.4 cm.
• Kabili emaceleni. It siba khona nalapho Welding amabili emaceleni metal amaphepha ukujiya 0.8 cm. Ukuze kwakwakhe ngamunye kunconywa ukushiya 2-milimitha izikhala, ukuhlinzeka izinga adhesion.

amaphutha kungenzeka

Ukuphazamiseka kwekhono ngesikhathi Welding kungenzeka ngenxa eziphakeme ngokwedlulele kuye wamanje kanye voltage ngesikhathi arc. Kungase futhi kube umphumela zokukhwabanisa engafanele electrode. Ukwahlukanisa yokulimala welds ngokuvumelana indawo yabo:

• Langaphakathi. Ukuze ukuthola kwabo inqubo isetshenziswa, ukulawula: isakhiwo hhayi elimazayo asibhubhise ngokuphelele noma ingxenye.
• Yangaphandle. Basuke Kutholwe kalula luhlolo lwangaphandle.

Ngenxa yokwephula izimo Welding kubangelwa ukuntula ubuchwepheshe, ukuntuleka umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo owenziwa izilinganiso okungalungile, ukukhubazeka zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Ukungabi Fusion. Kubonakala nalapho engekho wendawo Fusion emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka wajoyina. Imiphumela isici ongadalwa ukucindezeleka lokuhlushwa nokwehlisa esigabeni umphetho. Iphutha design libhekene ne amandla ongaphakeme nokwethembeka. yokuntuleka Fusion Imbangela kungase kube ukuntuleka kwe-samanje, futhi Welding kwimodi okusheshayo.
• Undercut. Isici singesabo ekuncishisweni endawo ukushuba we metal isizinda. Le nkinga kwenzeka eduze imingcele welds.
• Burn-ngokusebenzisa. Iphutha kuyinto we izimbotshana ifomu ku weld. Kwenzeka ngenxa ukuvuza metal oncibilikisiwe kusukela okugeza zokushisela. Burn-ngokusebenzisa - lena isici akwamukelekile neze, kumele ngokushesha ukulungiswa.
• wentaba Nezavarenny noma ukucindezeleka. Kwenzeka ngoba arc iphula ngesikhathi sisondela ekupheleni kwaso, maqondana lekuhlanganeni.
• Ukufika. Isici okuboniswe wicking kwensimbi weld ngesikhathi metal isizinda ngaphandle Fusion.

Izimbangela ukukhubazeka zingase zishintshe kakhulu, kodwa ngokulinganayo uyakwazi ukunciphisa amandla adhesion, ukuthembeka nokusebenza, ukunemba aphange ukubukeka umkhiqizo.