Ukuzibandakanya kwempahla kahulumeni nomasipala njengomsebenzi wombuso

Izinyathelo zokudlulisa umnotho kumkhondo wokuthuthukiswa kwamakethe zihlanganisa lonke uhlu lwezenzo ezibandakanya ukudala ukulungiswa okusha kwesistimu yezomnotho njengamanje. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe anezimo ezibizwa ngokuthi zinguquko zomnotho, ngakho-ke ukuzibandakanya kwempahla kahulumeni kanye nomasipala ngokwakho kuyindlela entsha esemthethweni eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa njengoba isipiliyoni sigcina kule ndawo yomsebenzi. E-Russia, lezi zinqubo zichazwe ku-art. 217 CC, okuyinto enquma ukuthi ubunikazi inqubo yokudlulisa impahla yombuso kubantu noma izinhlangano ezizimele. Esikhathini sokuqukethwe, lokhu kusho ukuqedwa kwamalungelo omhlaba womphakathi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamalungelo okuhlala njalo.

Ukuzibandakanya kwempahla kahulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani amafomu, yiziphi izisusa ezingazange ziqalise, kudingeke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe indlela ecacile yomthetho yokuziphatha kwayo. Lokhu kuboniswa ukubaluleka kwenqubo yobunikazi yomphakathi wonke kanye nemiphumela emibi engenzeka emphakathini wonke, uma kwenzeka ukuthi ingxenye engokomthetho yokusebenzisa le nqubomgomo ayilungiswanga. Ngakho-ke, ubunikazi bempahla kahulumeni nomasipala bubeka isidingo semithetho ekhethekile. Kungenziwa kokubili ngesisekelo esikhokhelwayo futhi mahhala, kuxhomeke ezimweni ezithile zezinqubo zobunikazi ngokwazo kanye nezici zendawo ehlanganisiwe kule nzuzo.

ERussia, ukuhweba kwenziwa ngokwempahla elandelayo:

- iziza zomhlaba.

- amabhizinisi, impahla kanye nezibambiso, okwakukhona ngaphambili kobuso;

- ukuzibandakanya kwezindlu;

Kuzo zonke lezi zinto, umbuso unquma futhi usebenzise imigomo ethile yemvelo nezomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, umgomo wokubambisana kwamabhizinisi wombuso kwakuyisidingo sokwenza ungqimba lwabesomabhizinisi ngabanye, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yezenhlalakahle yezwe , ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yebhizinisi, nokuthuthukisa isimo sezimali. Eziqaleni zokuqala zobunikazi, amabhizinisi kahulumeni kanye nomasipala ayevame ukugcinwa ngesisekelo sokubuyisela imali. Kodwa, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho komlando kubonisiwe, imizamo yokuqala ekuzimele ngasese eRussia ayiphumelelanga kakhulu, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza komphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2006, uHlelo Lombuso lamukelwa , okuyinto eguqule kakhulu isimo sokubhekwa kwamalungelo, kepha nezinqubo. Isibonelo, umgomo oyinhloko wesimiso "ukukhulisa" ngokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokwenza imali ngenhloso yokwandisa ukuncintisana komnotho wezwe. Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo kuhilela izixazululo ezilandelayo:

- izimpahla ezizimele zomphakathi zomhlaba nomasipala, zihoxiswe ukusakazwa kokusetshenziswa kombuso;

- Ukunciphisa inani lamabhizinisi ahlanganisiwe asebumbeni obunikazi bombuso;

- ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kwemikhakha eminingi yezomnotho;

- ukwanda kwemali engenayo.

Esikhathini sohlelo lobumfihlo lwezindlu nokuhlala komhlaba, lezi zinhloso ezilandelayo zibekiwe:

- ukudala izimo ezihle zokubunjwa kwezimakethe nezindlu zomhlaba; - Ukunciphisa izindleko ezibhekiswe ekugcinweni kwezindlu ngokwezindleko zikahulumeni;

- ukuvuselela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba nomhlaba ngendlela efanele;

- Ukuqinisa ukusekelwa komphakathi kwabasebenzi bezolimo.

Ukuqhubekela phambili kulezi zinhloso, lolu hlelo lubheka ukuthi izimpahla zombuso kanye nomasipala kumele zenziwe kuqala ngenxa yesisekelo esingenasiphindiso, futhi uma nje sithuthela imigomo ebekwayo, kudingeka senze ushintsho oluqhamukayo ekubhaliseni izimfihlo. Umkhankaso onjalo uzoqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhambelana kakhulu kwezithakazelo zombuso nezakhamizi ngesikhathi senqubo yobunikazi.