Ukuwa kwe-netshe elisemkhathini Emhlabeni e-2017

Asteroids, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo cishe siyizigidi Umhlaba at ibanga abayizigidi ezingu 7.5 amakhilomitha, ezibhekwa ezinobungozi Earth. Iplanethi yethu ayizange bake babhekana nalezi emizimbeni cosmic. Namuhla sikhuluma elisemkhathini yeka ukuthi kuyingozi kanjani ukuba Earth futhi khona esikhathini esizayo, ematfuba kube inhlekelele enkulu? Futhi ukuze uqale nge inkomba zomlando encane.

Kuyini netshe elisemkhathini?

Asteroid (kusuka esiGrekini. "Inkanyezi-like", "inkanyezi") ubizwa nangokuthi iplanethi encane. Kuyinto nendikimba ethile esemkhathini lokhulu kuka-30 km. Abanye babo baye iziphuphutheki yabo. Baningi asteroyidi enqamula yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. eminyakeni 3.5 million edlule, i-Earth uwile lenqwaba asteroyidi ezaholela izinguquko emhlabeni jikelele.

Iminonjana elisemkhathini lasendulo

Entwasahlobo ka-2016 e-Australia, ososayensi bokuma komhlaba bathole imikhondo elisemkhathini, ububanzi eyayiqhele 30-40 km. Lokho usayizi ke ifaniswe satellite encane. Ukuwa ombangela-11 ezidlula ukuzamazama komhlaba, i-tsunami nokubhubhisa okwandile. Kungenzeka wayengomunye walaba asteroyidi, okwaphumela ukuwa phansi kwakhiwa hhayi kuphela ekuqaleni ukuphila, kodwa futhi kwakhiwa ukwehluka uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.

Kukhona umbono ukunyamalala okuyimfihlakalo izibankwakazi kwakubangelwa ukuwa elisemkhathini ezinkulu emhlabeni. Nakuba lokhu ungomunye nje izinguqulo eziningi ...

Akuve kumnandi! Inganekwane yasendulo umthelela wentaba Chicxulub kwamiswa ngenxa umhlangano meteorite. Ukujula kwawo kanye okufinyelele km 20. Ukuwa kwe-meteorite okubangelwa i-tsunami, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, efana zenuzi ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni engu-16 Emhlabeni ungawa ukuba 26 degrees lokushisa.

Chelyabinsk meteorite

Ukuwa kwe-netshe elisemkhathini Emhlabeni ngo-February 2013 kwaba omunye kakhulu kukhulunywa ngawe izigameko hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Le nguzunga, ogama isisindo safinyelela amathani 16, ingxenye washisa emkhathini, kodwa ingxenye yayo encane wawa eduze Chelyabinsk, ngenhlanhla, flying phezu kwalo.

Ngalowo nyaka, waya emzini Ural, eyasebenza njengodonga ngesisekelo segama yayo. Umzimba uqobo kwaba ngempela Okuqukethwe akuzwakali futhi lalinabashumayeli chondrites, kodwa bakhangwa isikhathi isithakazelo futhi esikhundleni ukuwa kwakhe. Akekho asteroyidi zidindilizile Umhlaba musa idale umonakalo onjalo, ngoba angawi seduze kangaka emzaneni ezinabantu abaningi. isisindo meteorite kwaba amathani 6. Falling echibini Chebarkul meteorite ezabangela akhishwe amafasitela 7000 isakhiwo. abantu 112 balaliswa esibhedlela ukusha, abanye abambalwa Abantu baphendukela odokotela usizo. Isiyonke imali wave shock ishanelwe ayizinkulungwane 6.5 square metres.

I umonakalo omkhulu kubangelwa netshe elisemkhathini, kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu uma izulu akuyona itshe yawela emanzini futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo. Ngenhlanhla, le nguzunga phansi ingavuli kube inhlekelele ezinkulu.

Eyingozi kakhulu ekwindla ka elikhulu eliwa emkhathini ukuze Ngomhlaba?

Ngokusho izibalo lososayensi, ukuwa netshe elisemkhathini Emhlabeni uyakwazi umonakalo omkhulu uma mayelana 1 km ngobukhulu umzimba kuyokwehlela phezu komhlabathi eMhlabeni. Ngokuyinhloko kwakhiwa uphondo ubukhulu cishe 15 km, kuzobangela uthuli ukungena emkhathini. Futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, kungaholela imililo emikhulu. Uthuli, ukufuthelana ngu ilanga, ukunciphisa izinga we-ozone ukusheshisa ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali Stratosphere, inciphise kwelanga ukufinyelela kwamanzi kule planethi.

Ngakho, umthelela le nguzunga Emhlabeni kuyingozi kakhulu. lokushisa emhlabeni Global lehla ngo-8 ⁰ C, okubangela engu ice. Kodwa ukuze kuholele ukushabalala lwesintu, le nguzunga kumele kube izikhathi 10 okukhulu.

ingozi giant

Muva nje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi i uhlu nobungozi ukuba iplanethi yethu ukuze sifake centaurs - a elisemkhathini giant nge ububanzi km 50 kuya ku-100. Inkambu adonsela phansi kwamanye amaplanethi njalo eminyakeni abayizigidi ezingu 40-100 Ufaka nabo isiqondiso Earth wethu. Inombolo yabo kuye kwanda kakhulu manje. Mhlawumbe uma elisemkhathini giant Emhlabeni esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ososayensi njalo ibalwa, nakuba ukubala trajectory of kokuwa centaur - umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu nobungozi Emhlabeni zihlanganisa:

• kuqhuma supervulkanicheskoe;
• bhubhane global;
• elisemkhathini (0.00013 e%);
• impi yenuzi;
• Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo.

Kungakhathaliseki le nguzunga elizowela Earth ngo-Okthoba 2017?

Inkinga enkulu, okwamanje sikhathalele ososayensi - ingozi kusukela elisemkhathini, ubukhulu lapho izikhathi ezingu-2 ephakeme kunaleyo Chelyabinsk meteorite. Kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi umcimbi kuzokwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 2017, obuzocupha izinhlekelele ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunalokho hit ngo-2013. Isazi sezinkanyezi u-Judith Ilayisi uveza ukuthi ububanzi le nguzunga zifinyelela km 40. into yakhe awakholelwa WF9.

umzimba wasezulwini eziyingozi kwatholakala ososayensi e-Hawaii emuva ngo-2012. Ngalowo nyaka naye ibanga close kakhulu kusukela Earth, kanye Okthoba 12, 2017 kuyofika sisondela eliyingozi kakhulu ibanga lomhlaba. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi uma le nguzunga Emhlabeni kuthatha ngempela indawo, ke izobonwa lokuqala British.

Okwamanje, ososayensi ukukhuthalele ukutadisha kungenzeka ukungqubuzana. Nokho, ematfuba le nguzunga Emhlabeni lincane kakhulu futhi, ngokusho abacwaningi, 1 in a million. Nokho, sisekhona sona.

sisengozini

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njalo fly asteroyidi ezithile letingemasayizi lahlukene ngu Earth. Ziyakwazi yingozi, kodwa kakhulu kuyaqabukela ngempela kuwele Earth. Ngakho, ekupheleni 2016 uye zafinyelela esidlule Earth at ibanga umzimba 2/3 ibanga inyanga, usayizi weloli elithile elincane.

Futhi ngo-January 2017 kwaphawulwa ukundiza umzimba wasezulwini, ukufinyelela ubukhulu isakhiwo 10-storey. It landizela ngaphakathi 180,000 km kusuka kithi.