Ukulimala emgogodleni: ngezigaba, izimpawu, ukwelashwa

Emgogodleni wenza umsebenzi obalulekile: kusekela umzimba sesimweni elungile futhi liyisici esiyinhloko of the system zemisipha. Noma yimuphi Ukulimala umgogodla futhi umgogodla, ungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kumuntu wonke umzimba. Abahlukahlukene obonakele ikholomu umgogodla bakha ngaphezulu kuka-10% ukulimala emuva. Ziyakwazi ezivamile abantu abavuthiwe kungakhathaliseki ubulili. Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga emuva zenzeka izingane, kodwa, njengoba umthetho, ukulimala abanjalo bangabaphostoli ejwayelekile yomgogodla wesibeletho ihlukaniswa njengoba ukulimala lapho umuntu ezalwa. Abesifazane babe Ukulimala umgogodla muva nje ube kugujwa ngenxa ingasakhulunywa-ke nje inombolo anda kakhulu abesifazane abakhulelwe Ngubani owazala by Ukubeletha.

izizathu

balimala eqolo intambo kukhona ifomu sina kakhulu ukuphazamiseka uhlelo locomotor. Okuvame kakhulu balimala eqolo zibangelwa imithwalo esindayo ngokweqile kanye nemithelela kuso. Lokhu kungaba bokuwa besuka endaweni ephakeme, dive budedengu a izinsimbi ukujula nciphisa umuntu, izingozi kanye nezinye abalimale ezingozini zomgwaqo-traffic ngayinye. Ngezinye izikhathi uhlobo ukulimala kungenziwa kunqunywa uhlobo nemiphumela engokomzwelo ku ikholomu umgogodla. Ngokwesibonelo, e izingozi zezimoto ukulimala ezivamile yomgogodla wesibeletho, sengathi kwehla kusuka ukuphakama waphuka sacral kuvamile noma ephansi-thoracic.

Izinkinga emgogodleni abe umlingisi ezahlukene. Kubantu abadala, njengoba umthetho, balimala eqolo zenzeka ngenxa sangaphandle amandla imithelela ezindaweni ezahlukene ngemuva. umonakalo ezihlobene nokukhula, ezifana uqwanga bafake kungaholela ukuvaleka le umgogodla canal stenosis nokuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kuphumela ingcindezi emgogodleni izinzwa emgogodleni , futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka ukusebenza kwabo. ukulimala Ingane ngokuvamile zenzeka ngenxa esisuka engahlula noma ngokuzumayo emgogodleni.

Izinhlobo balimala eqolo

Izimpawu ze-Ukulimala umgogodla incike uhlobo yayo kanye nemvelo. Zonke izinhlobo umonakalo kungenzeka zihlukaniswe nokulinyazwa, lacerations, waphuka, dislocations, futhi kokucindezelwa. Bona letsintsa ngco yokutakula kanye nokwelashwa amasu, kanye yemiphumela yokugula nesivinini ekululameni kwesiguli.

1. Ukwa yomgogodla wesibeletho kungukuphula ubuqotho ithambo, ngokungafani kuya dislocation, esibonakala by ukuqondanisa engafanele amathambo kanye kuma-axis awo. Lezi ukulimala kungaholela ukulimala emgogodleni. Kokucindezela ukwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokucinana enamandla umzimba vertebral ezingxenyeni ezithile yomgogodla lapho ingxenye idluliswa phambili bese phansi. Lapho kungenzeka lokhu akwazi ukugcina umgogodla dengwane futhi aphume ashone ku umsele umgogodla. Ukulimala ivamile phakathi imoto izingozi noma Jerk ngokuzumayo umzimba phambili.
2. Lapho dislocation kwenzeka ukudabuka umsipha noma eqinile ngilulekela. Umonakalo onjalo kungenzeka "ukhiye" amathambo ngenhla nomunye eyodwa noma zombili izinhlangothi ikholomu umgogodla. Izinkinga emgogodleni ngesikhathi esifanayo angase zenzeka kuye ngokuthi indlela mobile umsipha edabukile. Ukubuyisela ukusebenza vertebra, isiguli kungadinga ukuhlinzwa.
3. Paraplegia kwenzeka ngenxa Ukuwohloka emgogodleni ephansi-thoracic ngokusebenzisa ukulimala.
4. Quadriplegia kwenzeke ngenxa yokulimala lapho imiphumela ebuhlungu wadalula thoracic engenhla futhi amathambo wesibeletho. Lezi balimala eqolo kuholele ekulahlekelweni ukuhamba kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba.

Ukulimala yomgogodla wesibeletho: Izici

Emgogodleni wesibeletho uchayeke kakhulu umonakalo futhi ukulimala. Zilinganiselwa ku-20% azo zonke ukulimala of ikholomu umgogodla uwela kule sayithi, ezingaphezu kuka-35% wabo bekungabantu ebulalayo. Ukulimala umgogodla wesibeletho kungenxa yokuthi phakathi abukhali buhlungu ikhanda futhi esifubeni lomuntu ezihambelayo oluyi.

ukulimala wesibeletho emgogodleni ezingathí sina futhi iyingozi. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-ezifana umonakalo isici kule ngxenye ikholomu umgogodla, ukwa ka nomgogodla wesibeletho yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, noma "Whiplash" ukulimala. Ngokwejwayelekile kwenzeka abashayeli noma abagibeli engozini yemoto. Phakathi unyathela amabhuleki ngokuzumayo imoto ngumuntu esishaqisayo abukhali inertia adluliselwa bonke abantu endlwaneni eyakhiwe. Uhlukunyezwe yomgogodla wesibeletho libhekene okungazelelwe ubuhlungu acute, kuvinjelwe motor nemisebenzi entanyeni, isiyezi, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

balimala eqolo esifubeni okhalweni

Kaningi ngaphansi izinhlobo ezahlukene ukulimala emgogodleni thoracic kanye lumbar. Okuvame kakhulu zihlanganisa waphuka ezenzeka phakathi nokuwa noma ingozi yemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadala nabo basengozini lokulimala minyango ngenxa yeminyaka kwamathambo. Ukulimala umgogodla kungadalwa ngenxa ezinzima ukwa vertebral.

Lapho yomgogodla thoracic lilimele, umuntu ahlangabezane iqolo kusukela ngokulinganisela ezinzima, okuyinto zenziwa nzima ukuhamba. Uma emgogodleni wathinteka, wayesenezela izimpawu ndikindiki ka ukuluma, ubuthakathaka kanye nokungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-esinyeni futhi wamathumbu. Ukulimala okuvame kakhulu thoracic kanye lumbar nomgogodla yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Intervertebral enyelisa ngokuhlanganyela emalungeni vertebral. Kwenzeka lapho displacement ngempoqo amathambo phambili noma emuva. Ukuqiniswa ubuhlungu kwanda ukuphokophela phambili noma emuva sokukhubazeka komgogodla.
2. Imisipha ukudabuka kuyinto ukulimala ezivamile emuva emidlalweni eminingi, lapho uhlelo kwemisipha ne yomgogodla kungaba ona yena nge ukunyakaza abukhali. Izithombe kokulimala ngu isithwebuli, kusenza sikwazi ukusukumela phezulu ukunquma degree of ngobubi bawo. Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho eguqa, eguqa umzimba emuva naphambili ngokushintshana.
3. Dislocations costovertebral emalungeni engenxa noma okubangelwa ukuhamba ngenkani e amathambo thoracic, noma ngenxa yesifo samathambo ukuvuvukala. Kulokhu, ubuhlungu kwandisa uma ukhwehlela, sneezing, ezijulile ukuphefumula thoracic.
4. Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu zivamile kakhulu contact ezemidlalo, ukuwa noma ingozi. Ubuhlungu iqhubeka u-Adalberto isikhathi eside futhi ibonakala ngisho ngokujika kancane emzimbeni.
5. Ukugobeka komhlandla, noma ugobile yomgogodla, futhi kokulimala kakhulu. Izimpawu asiwazi njalo indawo, futhi bavame ukubhekana ingashintsha kuye esimweni ngasinye.

IsiZulu Ukulimala umgogodla

izinkinga Emuva ezinganeni uvame kwachazwa ngokuthi ukulimala lapho umuntu ezalwa yomgogodla wesibeletho. Omunye ukukhubazeka kuyinto usana enesifumbu, lapho amathambo ungambozi ngokugcwele imizwa eluhlaza. Ngokuvamile, isici enjalo kwenzeka esifundeni lumbosacral, kodwa zikhona ezehlukile. Ukulimala umgogodla wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwenzeka e-40% amacala futhi ngokuvamile kuhambisana ejwayelekile nokulimala engqondweni. Isizathu salokhu isimo zimi kanje:

• phakathi kwe-usayizi ikhanda fetus ukhalo kamama;
• malpresentation phakathi komgodi lesizalo;
• izithelo ezinkulu (zinesisindo kakhudlwana kunezinye 4500 g);
• preterm nokukhulelwa;
• oligohydramnios (oligohydramnios) nezinye izimo azalwa nako.

Naphezu sina umonakalo, lokuzalwa enesifumbu ezinganeni, ngokuvamile has a Izibikezelo evumayo kwasendaweni bakule ndawo lumbosacral. Esikhathini sokukhula asebenzayo we umntwana usuke engakabi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi kabi ngemuva, kodwa ukuthi abazali kumele babuke ekudleni kwakhe nesisindo. Kwesisindo kuzokwenza ingcindezi nedoformirovannye amathambo ukuthi babhebhethekisa lesi sifo. Uma kwenzeka yokulimala yomgogodla wesibeletho kukhona eziningi izinkinga. Lezi zingane ngokuvamile unezinkinga ukusebenza academic, uhlushwa inkumbulo iziyaluyalu, kunzima ukugxila isihloko. Ngezinye izikhathi bifida kungabangela ukukhubazeka, ubuthakathaka imilenze, iso ukunyakaza normal, izinkinga Bamathambo, nokunye.

umgogodla cord yokulimala

Ngezinye izikhathi umgogodla ukuhlukumezeka ukulimala kudlulela emgogodleni. Lokhu kungadalwa izici zangaphandle ezifana contusion eqinile, noma kokucindezelwa ukwa yomgogodla wesibeletho, nakuba umonakalo kungenzeka nganoma iyiphi ingxenye kukholamu vertebral.

Spinal intambo ukulimala, ngokuvamile kuboniswa izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ndikindiki noma ukuluma wemikhawulo;
• ubuhlungu futhi yobunzima endaweni Ukulimala umgogodla;
• izimpawu ukushaqeka;
• ukungakwazi ukuhambisa nemilenze;
• ukulahlekelwa ukulawula ukuchama;
• nokulahlekelwa ukwazi;
• ukuma okungesona esingokwemvelo ikhanda.

izinkinga umgogodla ngokuvamile umphumela izingozi ezingalindelekile noma udlame. ukulimala izimbangela ngokuvamile:

• bayawa;
• diving emanzini angajulile (ethathwe ukushaya phansi);
• ukuhlukumezeka ngemva yemoto;
• awe ukuphakama;
• Shona ukulimala ngesikhathi umcimbi wezemidlalo;
• ukulimala kwe-current kagesi.

Usizo lokuqala for balimala eqolo

Imiphumela balimala eqolo Ingaba yinto engathí sina ngempela, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sikwazi ukunikeza usizo lokuqala ukuba isisulu ngokushesha futhi endaweni efanele. Sanoma yikuphi ukulimala kwe kukholamu vertebral ezibhekwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuyingozi futhi zidinga esibhedlela ngokushesha. Usizo lokuqala for Ukulimala umgogodla incike uhlobo nezinga lokuziphatha umonakalo odalwe ubude bayo omkhulu, ubunkimbinkimbi isakhiwo nokubaluleka sokusebenza. Imiphumela umzimba ngemva imiphumela acute ukubheduka encike ngqo kwi kahle kanjani umuntu ngeke baziphathe, ukuhlinzeka usizo lokuqala esimweni esinzima.

imisebenzi Usizo abathintekayo ngemva Ukulimala umgogodla zihlanganisa:

• Ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense,
• nokunikeza eqinile flat abathintekayo;
• ukuqinisekisa baxhashazwe ephelele isisulu, ngisho noma acabanga ukuthi Ungahambisa ngokuzimela;
• umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula enikeziwe ukungezwakali kwawo. Lokhu akufanele ulahle emuva ikhanda isisulu sakhe, futhi kungcono ukuzama aqhubekele phambili umhlathi wakhe aphansi.

ukuhlola

Lapho isisulu esibhedlela, odokotela sizohlola kuye bese ubamba ukuhlolisisa umnyuziki zezinzwa ukucacisa uhlobo nendawo ukulimala. Izindlela ethandwa kakhulu ukuxilongwa zihlanganisa x-reyi sokukhubazeka komgogodla.

Uma emgogodleni ezilimele,-X-ray Ukuhlola isithombe sikhombisa isayithi ukulimala futhi ukusiza ukuthola uhlamvu yayo. Uma kudingeka, ucwaningo ethe xaxa, kanye ukuthola umgogodla cord yokulimala usebenzisa resonance kazibuthe kanye CT scan kokuxilongwa ukuthola izinga ukudluliswa amasignali ezinzwa asebuchosheni.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa balimala eqolo

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokulungisa umonakalo owenziwa ukuze emgogodleni. Nokho, zikhona izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile eqhubekayo ukukhuthaza ukukhishwa ezinzwa, ukuthuthukisa kanye ukubuyisela emsipheni umsebenzi umzimba.

Uma Ukulimala umgogodla kwenzeka, impatho igxile ekugwemeni inchubekelembili kwaleso sifo nokwandisa amathuba isisulu. It silethwa ICU, lapho isiguli siyonikwa imithi, ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa zokuhlola by nabelane ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Imithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha amafomu okukhulu Ukulimala umgogodla kanye nomgogodla. Ukuze ekulinganiseni emgogodleni futhi ulwenze isikhundla lesifanele uzodinga Luhambo ekhethekile. Kwezinye izimo, isiguli entanyeni esinqunyiwe nge collar kanzima. embhedeni Special nazo zingaba nomthelela emzimbeni immobilization.

Ezimweni yokulimala kanzima umgogodla kungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukhishwe izinsalela amathambo niphihlizwe nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa kuhlinzwa kuyadingeka uma disc herniated noma ikhono cindezela amathambo ngabanye. Le misebenzi ebalulekile kuqiniswa of eksisi vertebral ukuze kuvinjelwe ubuhlungu futhi sengozini.

Umgomo ukuze athole ukwelashwa komzimba iziguli ukulimala emgogodleni umgogodla iwukuba nokwandisa izinga lempilo ngokwandisa ikhono ngokomzimba. Uhlelo Physiotherapy imisebenzi eyenzelwe ukunweba amakhono esigulini ngasinye ukuze kuzuzwe ezingeni kahle ukusebenza sokukhubazeka komgogodla. Kuhlanganisa yile migomo elandelayo:

1. Ukuhlolwa ukwephulwa ezinkulu ngobubi bawo.
2. Umkhawukho wesikhathi imisebenzi abathintekayo.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi bokuphila, nokulawula phezu izinqubo kuqalisa.

Impambaniso Physiotherapy iyona ngempumelelo kakhulu ukuphathwa izifo ezihambisana abakhubazekile ngokomzimba, motor kanye nokulahlekelwa sezinzwa.

Lapho isimo lohlaselwayo uqinile, uzodinga inkambo nokuvuselelwa, ngenhloso okuyinto sokulondoloza ukuqinisa imisipha umsebenzi ekhona, emihle motor amakhono nokuqeqeshwa motor amakhono. Ukuvuselelwa izinyathelo kungavimbela yezinkinga kungenzeka emva kabi ngcono izinga lempilo.

zokuvimbela

Ngeshwa, balimala eqolo umgogodla kukhona ezingalindelekile, kodwa ubani ukwazi ukuvimbela inhlekelele, uma ukugcina izinyathelo ezilula nokuvikeleka.

1. ukugqoka Njalo nebhande lesihlalo semoto lapho kuhanjwa ngemoto.
2. Phakathi ezemidlalo ukugqoka imishini efanelekayo zokuzivikela.
3. Musa ngena ezindaweni phansi ayiqondakali kahle.
4. Engaged ekuqiniseni uhlelo kwemisipha ukuqinisekisa ukwesekwa okufanele umgogodla.
5. Ungaphuzi utshwala ngenkathi ushayela.