Ukufometha okungenasici - kuyini? Umculo wekhwalithi ephezulu kunhlobo engenalutho

Ukungabi nalutho ngesiNgisi kusho "ukulahlekelwa". Uma isignali yomsindo icindezelwe usebenzisa i-codec ekhethekile yokulahlekelwa yomsindo, ungawubuyisela ngokunemba ngokuphelele uma ufisa.

Uma uthatha i-CD evamile Audio audio ne-analog umsindo, irekhode kwifomethi WAV for audio engapheli, bese wenza compression WAV usebenzisa i-codec engalahleki, bese decompress ifayela audio ephumela ku WAV bese urekhoda umphumela CD engenalutho, ukuze uthole ezimbili Audio efana ngokuphelele I-CD.

Inzuzo yokungalahleki ngokugcina iqoqo elizwakalayo ukuthi izinga lokurekhoda liphakeme kakhulu kunelokho okuyilahlekile, futhi bathatha isikhala esincane kunomsindo ongaxhunyiwe. Kuyiqiniso, amafayela alahlekile angamakhulu amancane kunamafayela womculo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi. Izinhlelo eziningi zesidlangalaleni zanamuhla ziqonda ukufometha okungenalutho. Lezo zinhlelo ezingenakuzikhiqiza zingafunda kalula lokhu ngokusebenzisa i-plug-in engenakulahlekelwa. Iyini ifomethi yokulalelwayo engalahleki?

Amafomethi omsindo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi

Umculi weqiniso womculo angeke akwazi ukwamukela umsindo womculo oqoshiwe kumafomethi ngokucindezelwa kwe-Ogg Vorbis noma i-MP3. Yiqiniso, uma ulalela ukurekhoda komsindo kumishini yomsindo womkhaya, ukungabi khona komsindo akukwazi ukubanjwa indlebe, kodwa uma uzama ukudlala ifayela elicindezelekile ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwe-Hi-Fi, uzobona ngokushesha ukuntula umsindo. Yiqiniso, akulula ukudala iqoqo lomculo ophezulu kuma CD noma kumarekhodi e-vinyl. Kukhona okunye okunengqondo kulo mzila kubalandeli bekhwalithi yekhwalithi - umculo ongalahleki. Ingagcinwa kwi-PC ngesimo esenza sikwazi ukulondoloza imingcele yomculo yangempela engaguquki, noma ngabe ukusetshenziswa kusetshenzisiwe. Le ndlela ixazulula izinkinga zomculo wekhwalithi eliphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwayo okuhambisanayo, ngoba imishini yokulalela yokulalela (i-headphones, izikhulumi, izikhululi) ayithengi kakhulu.

Amafomethi alalelwayo angaxhunyiwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi:

• I-CDDA - yi-CD evamile yokulalelwayo;
• I-WAV - I-Microsoft Wave;
• IFF-8SVX;
• IFF-16SV;
• I-AIFF;
• I-AU;
• RAW.

Amafomu agxilile:

• I-FLAC;
• I-APE - I-Monkey's Audio;
• I-M4A - i-Apple engenalutho - ifomethi yomculo ophezulu we-Apple;
• I-WV-WavPack;
• I-WMA - Windows Media Audio 9;
• I-LA - I-Audio engenalutho;
• I-TTA - Umsindo Weqiniso.
• I-LPAC;
• OFR - OptimFROG;
• RKA - RKAU;
• SHN - Ukunciphisa.

Ifomethi ye-FLAC

Ifomethi evamile kakhulu ifomethi yeFLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec). Kusuka kuma-codec alalelwayo ngokulahlekelwa, ihlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi akukho datha esuswa kumsakazo womsindo uma usebenzisa. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ukudlala umculo ku-Hi-Fi ne-Hi-End imishini, kanye nokudala ingobo yomlando yokuqoqwa kwamarekhodi alalelwayo.

Inzuzo enkulu yale fomethi ukusabalalisa kwayo mahhala. Lokhu kubalulekile kubaculi abaqopha umculo ngokuzimela. Ifomethi isanda kuthola ukuthandwa okuningi, ngenxa yokuthi ukusekelwa kwayo kufakiwe kubaningi bezindaba zemidiya.

Ifomethi ye-APE

Ngokungafani ne-FLAC, ifomethi ye-APE kunamakhodi kuphela nama-plug-ins aklanyelwe yesikhulumi seWindows. Kweminye amapulatifomu, kunezixazululo ezibizayo ezivela kubathengisi be-third party software. I-algorithm iyakwazi ukufezekisa ukucindezelwa kolwazi lwamazwi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2. Ihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokubhalisa, okuwukuthi eyodwa kuphela isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhiwo ezivezwe umsindo wokucindezela. Okunye okufanayo kufana ne-archivers evamile. Naphezu kokuthi i-algorithm yokucindezela isatshalaliswa mahhala, imingcele yelayisensi yileyo yokuthi abaculi be-amateur cishe ayitholakali.

I-Apple Ifomethi engenalutho

Umculo wekhwalithi ephezulu ongalahleki ungacaceka usebenzisa i-codec yokucindezela umsindo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa izinga elivela ku-Apple. Le fomethi ithuthukiswa yi-Apple ukuze isebenzise kumadivayisi abo. Ifomethi ihambisana ne-iPod abadlali abanezixhumi ezikhethekile zokuxhuma kanye ne-firmware yakamuva. Ifomethi ayisebenzisi amathuluzi okuphatha amalungelo aqondene (i-DRM), kodwa ifomethi yokuqukatha inezici ezinjalo. Iphinde isekelwe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-QuickTime futhi ifakwe njengomsebenzi ku-iTunes.

Ifomethi ifakiwe emitatsheni etholakala ngokukhululekile, okwenza kube lula ukuhlela ukulalela amafayela kuma-Windows applications. Ngo-2011, i-Apple yakhipha amakhodi womthombo wefomathi, evula amathemba amakhulu we-codec. Esikhathini esizayo, ingakwazi ukuncintisana ngokujulile namanye amafomethi. Izivivinyo zenze imiphumela emihle. Amafayela agxilile anesayizi kusuka ku-40-60% yobukhulu bemvelaphi. Okumangalisa futhi kuyinjubane yokuhlaziya, okuyiqiniso ukuthi isebenzise amadivaysi eselula, okusebenza kwawo akuphakeme.

Enye yezinsalela ze-codec yinto engafanelekile yokwandiswa kwamafayela alalelwayo nge-audio codec AAC (Advanced Coding Audio). Lokhu kuholela ekudidekeni, ngoba i-AAC ayiyona ifomethi yomculo ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, kunqunyelwe ukugcina idatha ku-container ye-MP4 ne-extension .m4a.

Kwamanye amafomethi okumele akhulume ngayo yiWindows Media Audio 9 Engenasici, okuyingxenye ye-Windows Media application. Isebenza nge-Windows ne-Mac OS X. Eqinisweni, abasebenzisi abawamukeli ngokuvunywa kakhulu. Kukhona izikhathi eziningi izinkinga ngokuhambisana kwe-codec, futhi inani leziteshi ezisekelwe likhawulelwe kuyisithupha.

Ifomethi yeWavPack

I-WavPack enye i-codec yomsindo etholakalayo ngokukhululekile ephoqelela ulwazi lomsindo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi. Ku-WavPack idijithi ehlanganisiwe edidiyelwe ihlanganisiwe, ikuvumela ukuthi udale amafayela amabili. Enye yamafayela kule modini idalwe ngobukhulu obuncane ngokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi .wv, engadlalwa ngokuzimela. Ifayela lesibili elithi ".wvc" lilungisa "yangaphambili" .wv "futhi lihambisana nalo lenza kube lula ukubuyisela okokuqala kuze kube ngokugcwele. Kubasebenzisi abathile, le ndlela ingase ibonakale ithembisayo, ngoba awudingi ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokucindezela - zomabili zizosetshenziswa njalo.

Okunye okufanelekile ukunakwa yi-codec yevidiyo enekhwalithi ephezulu - i-lagarith engenakho i-codec engalahleki. Isebenza ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo.

I-soft for listening -less audio-audio

Abadlali be-software abazange bafunde ngokushesha ukuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani ama-codec alahlekile, angakwazi ukukhiqiza umsindo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa.

WinAmp Player

Lo mdlali ukwazi ukubhekana nawo wonke amafomethi wokudlala umculo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi engalahleki. Yini umdlali omuhle ongalahleki angaqondakala ngesibonelo sakhe. Uyakwazi ukusingatha kahle ukucubungula kwamathrekhi ngabanye ngendlela yokulahlekelwa kwefomethi. Lena inkinga evamile ye-FLAC noma i-APE codecs. Iqukethe ukuthi yonke i-disk yomsindo i-digitized ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi iqoshwe kufayela elilodwa ngaphandle kokulihlukanisa ngamathrekhi. Inkinga yokuhlukanisa ngamathrekhi iklanyelwe ukuxazulula ifayela elengeziwe ne-extension .cue. Iqukethe incazelo yemingcele yokufinyelela yethrekhi ngayinye ye-albhamu. Umdlali ojwayelekile udlala ifayela lonke elingalahleki ngokuphelele. Umdlali we-AIMP engenalutho uveza ngokugcwele amafomethi amaningi alalelwayo futhi uyaqaphela amathrekhi efayeleni yendlela yokulahlekelwa.

Abadlali be-Digital abanokusekelwa okungenasici

Uphendule kahle kubasebenzisi mayelana nabadlali be-digital jetAudio, Foobar2000, Spider Player. Azikho umehluko wamakhadikhadi phakathi kwabo. Ukukhethwa kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi kuncike emibonweni engezansi yomthandi womculo mayelana nokulula kwesimo sokuxhumana sokudlala kokulahlekelwa. Kuyini indlela engafaneleki, ungafunda ngokuhlola laba abadlali.

Ifomethi ye-Apple Lossless idlalwa nge-iTunes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le codec isekelwa isidlali sevidiyo seVLC esithandwayo.

Amahostela amakhompyutha ahambisana ne-Apple angasebenzisa izinhlelo ezimbili ezithakazelisayo: i-Vox ne-Cog.

Bayisekela amafomu anjalo okulahlekelwa:

• Apple engenalutho;
• I-FLAC;
• Izinkawu Audio;
• I-Wavpack.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici eziningi eziwusizo, isibonelo, amasevisi wokugcina asekelwe.

Abanikazi bamakhompiyutha anesistimu yeWindows bangasebenzisa noma yikuphi uhlelo lokusebenza oluhambisana namakhodi womculo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi: Foobar2000 noma WinAmp. I-Winamp idinga ama-plugin akhethekile. Umculo ongapheli udlala kahle ku-iTunes naku-KMPlayer. Inzuzo ye-iTunes, engekho kwabanye abadlali - ikhono lokusekela amathegi.

Iyahambisana nokungabi nalutho

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umnikazi welabhulali uzofuna ukuchitha isikhathi ukuguqula amafayela kusuka kufomethi ye-FLAC kuya ku-MP3 ukuze akwazi ukulalela ukuqoshwa kugajethi yakhe. I-smartphone noma ithebhulethi inamakhono anqunyiwe angalinganiswa nekhompyutha, kodwa noma kunjalo amadivayisi amaningi eselula alahlekelwa amafomethi angenalutho.

Isibonelo, abanikazi bamadivaysi asebenzisa i-Android bangasebenzisa isidlali futhiLinga. Iyakwazi ukudlala amafayela ku-FLAC, APE, i-WAV engaxhunyiwe nakwezinye amafomethi asekelwa i-Android.

Izinto ezimbi kunabanikazi bamadivayisi ku-platform ye-Blackberry. Abanikazi bamamodeli Bold 9000 no-8900 nezinguqulo zamuva bangalalela ifomethi engalahleki.

Abanikazi bamadivayisi we-Apple bangasebenzisa kalula i-codec ye-ALAC. Ixhaswa ngumdlali we-iPod (ngaphandle kokugubha), ifoni ye-iPhone ne-iPad tablet. Ngefomethi ye-FLAC, ungalanda i-FLAC Player ku-App Store.

I-codec ye-FLAC isekelwa amadivayisi we-Samsung Galaxy, amanye ama-smartphones akwa-Sony Ericsson nabadlali be-iriver.

Uthole ukusekelwa kwe-FLAC namadivayisi ahleliwe avela kubakhiqizi abaningi. Abadlali bemidiya kanye nezikhungo zemidiya zivumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwekhompyutha yakho uma ulalela amathrekhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi.

Okwamanje, ngaphambi kokusekelwa ngokugcwele kwaso wonke amafomethi akude, kodwa kwanele ukuthi isidlali semidiya siqondisise i-FLAC codec - i-codec engavamile yokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi. Iyini i-hardware yokudlala engenalutho?

Izinsiza zokulalela

Ukuze uthole injabulo yangempela ekhwalithi yomsindo, udinga imishini ekhethekile: i-headphones, izikhulisi, izikhulumi. Indlela elula, yebo, inama-headphones. Uma uhlose ukujabulela umculo ohlezi kukhompyutha, bazokwenza okusemandleni akho. Abasebenzisi baphendule kahle ngemikhiqizo yezinkampani uKoss noSennheiser. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ubukhulu bekhanda. Okukhulu, kungcono umsindo. Kubalulekile ukungakhohliswa. Abanye abakhiqizi bafaka i-membrane encane ezinkomeni ezinkulu zezindlebe - lezi headphones zibukeka ziqinile, futhi umsindo ufanelekile kuphela ukulalela mp3.

Kubalandeli bemishini yezwi eliphezulu (Hi-Fi noma Hi-End) kunzima ukuphakamisa noma yini. Ukuzikhethela kule ndawo kunqunyelwe kuphela isabelomali kanye nokuthandayo. I-equalizer, i-amplifier, i-acoustics - ukukhetha kwala madivayisi kunamathuba amaningi. Abanikazi bama-PC abakhetha ama- acoustic abo bekhwalithi kumakhompiyutha, kungcono ukumisa amakholomu wokuqapha isabelomali kunoma yiluphi uphawu oludumile. Uphendule kahle abasebenzisi mayelana nama-acoustics we-Microlab SOLO uchungechunge. Umculo ekukhwalweni okungalahleki kuzwakala kuhle, kubalulekile ukuthenga ama-acoustics ngokukhona kwe-subwoofer. Ama-acoustics amabili angakwazi ukubhekana nokukhiqizwa kwebhola lezintambo eziphansi.

Imiphumela

Amafomethi amasha womsindo wedijithali anikeze abalandeli bomculo ophezulu ukuthi bathole imilayibrari yabo emithonjeni ephezulu yamandla futhi balalele izingoma zabo ezizithandayo ngekhwalithi ephakeme, basindise imali eningi nendawo enkulu kakhulu. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle, yiqiniso, kuyisethi ephelele yezinto zokusebenza ze-Hi-End, kodwa izinketho zebhajethi zizokwenza abathandi bomculo bajabule kakhulu. Phela, izinzwa zokulalela umculo azifani ne-MP3 ezikhulumeni zepulasitiki.

Ifomethi engenalutho ivame ukusetshenziswa emsebentini we-studio yomculo wasekhaya. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ithrekhi edalwe ngekhwalithi elihle. Ukubunjwa akuthathi isikhala esikhulu, kodwa singabiwa nabangani. Umsindo ongenalutho usuvame kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi izoqala ngisho nokukhipha amafomethi wezendabuko ze-mp3.