UJosé Saramago: Biography, izincwadi

Le ngcweti yamagama wanika emhlabeni enhle Portugal libalele. Ukuze ithalente lakhe José Saramago waklonyeliswa umklomelo kaNobel nodumo emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla imisebenzi yakhe ukufunda cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni kubo ukudubula amafilimu lapho izindima eziyinhloko uthola nabalingisi ehola Hollywood.

I inshokutsi, ukunemba, isithombe, umfanekiso, nezinto ezinhlobonhlobo ngendlela ejabulisayo izwe art ukujula - lawa izici eziyinhloko amanoveli akhe, ingasaphathwa yesiteleka emachawe ngendlela yokudala ophilayo, ngokuhlanganisa ukuthambekela eziyisisekelo ukunyakaza eziningana tetemibhalo.

umuntu

Ikakhulu sibonga emhlabeni José Saramago wakhuluma ngemibhalo kanye namasiko Portugal. Ngo-1992 yena wasungula e Lisbon, National Front for the Ukuvikelwa Wezamafa, futhi ngo-1998 umbhali waklonyeliswa umklomelo walo eliphakeme. Amanoveli omlobi wanquma ukuba kuthiwe okwangempela imilingo, kodwa eqinisweni they are ngakho yehlukene kaningi okubalwa ehlanganisa konke okuhle okhiphe kude izincwadi emhlabeni. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko kubo kungenziwa ngokuthi, mhlawumbe, a incarnation okukhulu kwemibono ngokuphelele zobuntu, obandayo ukulondolozwa lwesintu kuzo zonke izimo kanye nezimo. Inkulumo ikakhulukazi esigqamile saleli isikhundla kutholakala enovelini enesihloko esithi "Ubuphofu", okuyinto namuhla ubhekwa edume kunazo futhi ubhedu emhlabeni wonke.

Umsuka umbhali esizayo

Ayikwazanga José Saramago, umfana esuka ongumlimi umndeni elula, ake sithi uma eba omunye abameleli ehamba phambili emhlabeni omphakathi kwezincwadi ngesikhathi sakhe? Cishe akukho.

Ngokwe-master enganginaso kusukela ebuntwaneni nzima impela - ezihambayo njalo, kunokushoda kwezimali, ukufa okuqala e nomfowabo omdala, yebo, washiya uphawu oluthile ku umuntu okudala umbhali ikusasa ethengwa kakhulu ngamazwe. Naphezu kwalokhu, uJosé Saramago kwaba umfundi efaneleka kakhulu, umnikazi kwengqondo eziyibonayo futhi umcabango egqamile. Njengoba abazali kungaba ukukhokhela isikole esihle, eneminyaka engu-engu-12 ubudala waphoqeleka ukuba baqale ukuqeqeshwa kule lobuchwepheshe nsimu, ukuze bakwazi ukuziphilisa, njengoba besho, ngezandla zabo.

Kusukela phansi

Lapho beqeda ukuqeqeshwa Zhoze Saramago, ogama izincwadi ezifundwayo emhlabeni wonke namuhla, iminyaka emibili esebenza njengesazi umakhenikha egalaji, bese wakhetha indlela yokuhumusha, kuyiphi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zaphenduka intatheli okhokhelwayo. Kwaphela isikhathi esithile esizayo kaNobel wamabhuku umsizi umhleli kule ncwadi ka-Diário de Notícias yaseLisbon, kodwa ngenxa izinguquko kwezombusazwe ngo-1975, waphoqeleka ukuba ayiyeke le-career kanti futhi ubuyele emsebenzini wokuhumusha.

Kakade ngokushesha José Saramago, ogama izincwadi ziye zaba umuzwa wangempela tetemibhalo, yamemezela yena njengoba umlobi wezinganekwane.

Ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ndoda njalo sengathi umbhali, ucwaningo bakhe bokuqala kwezobuciko kuhlulekile. Lokhu kwaba emhlabeni ithalente lakhe kunalokho sekwephuzile. Ethandwa kakhulu okwamanje ubhekwa umsebenzi Saramago mhlawumbe, "The Gospel According to uJesu Kristu," kodwa le ncwadi ukweleta yayo ngempela ngehlazo abaningi emhlabeni odumile.

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi le ncwadi inikeza umbono okunye indaba kweBhayibheli ukuthi ungase ungathandi lapho abalandeli nasekutheni yiziphi izinkolelo eziqinile. ifomu Umfanekiso lelandzisako, indida, eqokomisa ukubukwa ezithile, kakhulu ukuphikiswa likaJesu iTestamente Elidala uJehova wabangela impela resonance enkulu futhi ezihlukahlukene izimpendulo. Noma kunjalo, ngemva konyaka ukukhululwa kule noveli "The Gospel According to uJesu Kristu," Saramago waklonyeliswa umklomelo eliphakeme - uMklomelo KaNobel.

Isihloko osithanda sisonke

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okungenhla okuthiwa umkhiqizo akuyona kuphela into efana nayo. Uma ucabangela akakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, umbhali, nokho, omningi wakhe uzinikele eziphathelene nenkolo noma imibono hlanu kwalo. Ukuze José Saramago "iVangeli" kwaba nje inkulumo ecacile kakhulu imibono kushiwo zobuntu ukunqoba kwabantu nemfundiso yenkolo, kodwa njengasekuqaleni, futhi kamuva kwabonakala imisebenzi futhi yabangela impendulo eshubile abafundi emhlabeni wonke.

"Ukhethwe up"

Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela umsebenzi wokuqala umbhali, lithole emphakathini eside futhi ngek uthando ezigidi. Kusukela imigqa yokuqala kule noveli umfundi kuvula ubuhle obukhulu bomthombo Portugal, ezithinta isiyaluyalu imibala futhi abanye charm cishe imilingo. Kodwa ngesikhathi isiteleka efanayo futhi lokho kulangazelela, ukuthi ngomunyu nobuhlungu yezwe lenkaba yawo, uJosé Saramago obonakaliswe zonke line.

ubuhlakani nenembe abasebenza ngazo kulo ngemsebenti lobhalwako kuphela, abacusumbuli baye ngokwesiko wachaza umsuka umbhali ophuma emkhayeni ompofu. Ngisho negama lombhali kwamiswa ngokungalungile kanye etymologically ukuba igama ezidumile le isithombo zasendle. uxhumano ezinjalo ezingokomoya eziqinile kanye nezwe, umbhali bomdabu, asikwazanga ukuthola kuveza ngemisebenzi yakhe.

"Izinkumbulo sezindela '

Lo msebenzi Izibuyekezo Zhoze Saramago zaseVatican ngempela ezinzima. A evelele sengqondo anti-kwabefundisi, njengoba kuveziwe kulo msebenzi, ayikwazanga kungaqashelwa futhi kubange furore. Ukuphuthuma kwesimo akuniké futhi yokuthi njengoba umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho noveli usebenze njengomahluleli abahlola imihlola, okuyinto Yiqiniso, akazange angena yalelozwe zabantu eziqinile ezingokwenkolo.

Noma kunjalo, le ncwadi ngokuvamile eqhathaniswa inoveli Umberto Eko "IGama Rose", naye waba ethengwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.

"Ubuphofu"

Lo msebenzi, mhlawumbe, kungaba kubhekwe omunye izilaleli kakhulu. buka lokuqala apocalypse, indaba inimitable, isitayela ehlukile zokudala nokuba nokholo olungantengantengi ukunqoba lwesintu wenza "Ubuphofu" noveli edumile emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e echaza ifilimu omangalisayo senziwa, indima esemqoka lapho ngofuzo nabalingisi ehola besikhathi sethu.

"Double"

Lo msebenzi kufanele ngokuthi omunye emnyama futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuba ngiziqonde ngemisebenzi José Saramago. "Double" - incwadi eyenza umfundi ukutshuza ezijulile ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabeni yabo kwangaphakathi, ukuqonda kwalasha ukuthi lingaphakathi ngamunye wethu acabange ngemibuzo we wendawo yonke nokuphila. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa sokuba kutholakale Izibuyekezo enjalo eziphikisa. inoveli José Saramago esithi "Double" izindumiso ngentshiseko ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona omubi kakhulu ngakho. Iyodwa into esiqiniseka ngayo: ngemva kokufunda akekho ngabandayo uhlala.

ngendlela yokudala Special, umbono esiyingqayizivele zomhlaba, besesitelekeni yobuhle balo nokuhlala ikwazi isitayela - lawa izici eziyinhloko Jose Saramago njengoba umlobi oyinhloko Portugal yesimanje futhi omunye izibalo ebaluleke kunazo zonke izincwadi emhlabeni namuhla. Coming kusukela elula engenayo ephansi ongumlimi umndeni, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi iphethwe impumelelo nodumo - wayengumuntu ngandlela-thile ushintshe emhlabeni, wasinikeza ezahlukene imikhiqizo, ngasinye singase ngokuthi ubuciko. Lezi zincwadi, eyaba ethengwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Le ncwadi, kwadingeka kakade isikhathi abe zakudala.