UGerhard Richter - umculi obiza kakhulu eYurophu kusukela kwabaphilayo

Ubhekwa njengethonya elikhulu kunazo zonke, elidumile kunazo zonke abaculi abaphilayo. Izindleko eziphelele zemisebenzi ezithengiswa endalini zidlulile isigamu sezigidigidi zamaRandi. Irekhodi lentengo yento eyodwa labekwe ngoFebruwari 2015 ngokubunjwa okungabonakali okungaba yi-$ 44.5 million.

UGerhard Richter, eneminyaka ehloniphekile, uthanda wedwa futhi uqhubeka esebenza emdlalweni wakhe eduze kwaseCologne. Umbukiso ngamunye omusha wemisebenzi yakhe emangalisa nge-novelty yosesho lokudala futhi uba umcimbi oqhakazile kakhulu empilweni yobuciko eYurophu nasezweni.

I-Germany, i-East Germany, eJalimane

Wazalelwa ngo-1932 eDresden. Uyise, uHorst Richter, wayengumfundisi, kodwa unina, u-Hildegard, wayenethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni okungokomoya kukaGerhard. Wesekela endodaneni ethandeka kakhulu kwezobuciko.

Ngo-1951, uGerhard Richter ungena eHochschule für Bildende Künste - iDresden High School of Fine Arts, lapho ethola khona imfundo ephakeme. Ukuphila kobuciko baseMpumalanga Jalimane, lapho uGerhard ayekhona endaweni yokuzalwa, kwaqala ukugxila emqondweni. Isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kokuqala komsebenzi womculi osemusha senzeke endaweni lapho ubuchwepheshe bezenhlalo buba khona isitayela esibuciko esikhulu, futhi esimweni somzabalazo wokulwa nobuqili kanye ne-abstractionism, nakuwo wonke odwa.

Ngo-1958, u-Richter wavakashela umuzi waseKassel (insimu yaseNtshonalanga eJalimane) embukisweni wobuciko besikhathi, obizwa ngokuthi "Idokhumenti". Kwakuhloswe ukulwa nefa lamaNazi kwezobuciko - ngaphambi kwe-gardeism kwakuqhutshwa ngisho nasezinsukwini ze-fascism. Imidwebo yabadwebi, ukuveza imibono ye-avant-gardens kakhulu - uJason Pollock, uJean Fotrier, uLioio Fontana nabanye - baye bavuselela ukucabanga kukaRichter. Isifiso sokuthola inkululeko yokudala senza ukuba isinqumo sokufuduka, nakuba ngaso sonke isikhathi sibhekisela kubaculi be-apolitical. Ngo-1961 uGerhard Richter waba umbaleki wezepolotiki futhi uzithola e-FRG.

Isikhathi sokuhlolwa

Ngo-1961, u-Richter, nakuba eqedile inkambo eDresden High School, waphinde waba umfundi. Ungena eDüsseldorf Academy of Arts. I-scholarship ayithola lapho, isiba usizo olukhulu empilweni yomfiki. Ukuphila kwakhe ngale nkathi - ukucinga indlela yakhe kwezobuciko nesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo. Uzama isandla cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zemibala yamuva

UGerhard uthola phakathi kwabantu abafunda nabo ekilasini abantu abafana naye, phakathi kwabo uZigmar Polke, uConrad Fisher. Ngo-1963, kwelinye lezitolo ezingenalutho enkabeni yedolobha laseDüsseldorf, umbukiso ohlangene uvula, lapho izingoma zomculo ze-pop zihlanganiswa ukusebenza nokuhlanganyela kwezithombe eziphilayo, ukuvezwa kwefilimu, njll. U-Richter nabangane bakhe babiza isitayela sabo sokudala, hhayi ngaphandle kokungacabangeli, ukubuyisana kwezimali ezinkulu.

Iningi lemisebenzi yakhe yaleso sikhathi, uGerhard Richter wacabangela ukubiza okuphansi futhi wabhubhisa. Kodwa yilokho lapho izithombe zakhe zokuqala, ezenziwe ngesithombe samnyama namhlophe, zivela lapho isithombe esingokoqobo sibhekene nesici esivela esivela kumakhadi ovakashele.

Kusukela ngo-1964, ngemva kokuphothula eSikoleni, indlela yokuzimela yomculi iqala.

Indlela yokuqashelwa

Ngo-1967, u-Richter wanikezela i-Kunstpreis junger westen-umklomelo owagubha abaculi abasha abanamakhono kakhulu eJalimane, futhi ngo-1971 ngaphansi kwemisebenzi yakhe yonke indawo ehlelwe eceleni kweVenice Biennale edumile . Ngo-1973, ukuboniswa kokuqala komculi e-United States kwenzeka.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukudweba kwakhe kuvela emaqoqweni ahlonishwayo asemphakathini nasesezingeni elizimele. Ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwemisebenzi yemisebenzi yakhe, ochwepheshe kanye nababukeli balinganisa izinga lokuseshwa nokuhlolwa komdali. Imibono ka-Richter igqugquzela abaculi emhlabeni wonke, iba yisisekelo semikhuba emisha yokudweba.

Izinkinga ekuhlukaniseni

"Kubuciko bami akekho uhlelo, akukho isitayela esisodwa, asikho isiqondiso esivamile," uthanda ukuphinda UGerhard Richter. Ukudweba kwakhe kuhlukile ezinhlobonhlobo nezindikimba. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi eyenziwe ekuhlanganiseni imidwebo nokudweba izithombe, inkosi idala izingqikithi ezingenalutho ezimibalabala, ezizalwa ngosizo lwe-scrapers, ama-brushes kanye ne-squeegee-i-spatula enkulu ehambisa izingxube ezimibalabala endizeni enkulu.

Eyaziwayo ngemidwebo yayo minimalist emhlophe (i-grey) ne-non-objective futhi engokomfanekiso, imidwebo ye-hyperrealistic kanye namathafa, kanye nemisindo emangalisa emidwebeni wesithombe-imidwebo yezithombe - ezinjalo "Amakhandlela" adalwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, nokuningi okuningi. Wabamba iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwengilazi edumile ekhoneni laseCologne. Emibonisweni yakamuva kakhulu kukhona izingqikithi zemibala eqoshiwe ezivela emagqabini angilazi angama-angles ahlukene.

Richter ekhulwini lama-21

Ngokuphelele, ukudweba okungaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu umculi waziwa. Naphezu kokushaywa yi-Richter, cishe izithombe ezingu-200 ezintsha zivela njalo ngonyaka.

Udidekile futhi udidekile ngamanani lapho imisebenzi yakhe ithengwa khona. Ukhombisa ukungabaza ngokulungiswa kwabo, ethi namuhla isisekelo sokweklama ubuciko siyashintsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isabelo sokungabaza lapho ehlola indima yobuciko obuhlanzekile ekuphileni kwanamuhla kukhula. Naphezu kwalokhu, ugcwele amandla nesifiso sokusebenza nokudala.