Udizili generator: kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube manje.

Umlando generator diesel kuvela ekhulwini XIX, kodwa namuhla amadivayisi ethandwa futhi ziphoqa emithonjeni yamandla. Udizili ugesi okuhlala futhi engabizi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ngaphezu, bayakwazi kakhulu ukunciphisa umthwalo phezu grid emzini. Kuyinto enhle eyisipele amandla umthombo ukuthi kungaba Cottages ewusizo futhi izwe, futhi ezindaweni zezimboni ukukhiqizwa. Uma kuziwa ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona amandla eyodwa, okufanele ukwenze futhi musa aphumelele ngaphandle isitshalo amandla udizili.

Udizili ugesi ezimweni yesimanje

Udizili generator - naleso sithombo esingatshalwanga ugesi ovuthayo nophethiloli. Le divayisi siqukethe injini diesel kanye ne-generator kagesi, isikhathi okusebenzela kuyo imishini kunqunywa fuel izinqolobane kuphela.

Kakhulu wokwakha udizili ugesi njengoba umthombo eziphuthumayo kwamandla kagesi lapho kunesidingo khona ukuqinisekisa ungaphazanyiswa ugesi - kungaba izakhiwo zezimboni, izibhedlela, amabhange nokunye. Ezisetshenzisiwe udizili ugesi kanye kulawo masayithi lapho udinga amandla okwesikhashana - ezindaweni zokwakha, ukuyothenga izindawo, ekhonsathini umphakathi emahholo nokunye. Nokho, u-diesel ugesi bayakwazi ahlele aphinde DC amandla, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulu ezihlukahlukene mikhankaso, ku yezikebhe, nasemaphandleni akude.

I generator diesel ukuheha abathengi lanamuhla? Uquketheni leyo mishini isisindo: kuba compact, ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukusebenza kahle, ikhono ukusebenza ngendlela ebanzi lokushisa ububanzi (-60 kuya + 60 ° C), umsindo ongaphakeme, nobungane kwemvelo.

endaweni electronics emashumini eminyaka amuva, okhula kakhulu ngenkuthalo: intuthuko zakamuva kulo mkhakha kwaholela generator diesel cishe enhle umthombo wamandla. iziteshi diesel Namuhla zihlanganisa ephezulu ukucacisa zobuchwepheshe, le yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Umsebenzi ugesi Kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, cishe ngaphandle kokudinga Ukungenela komuntu: yonke imisebenzi yenzeka ngaphansi kokuhlolisisa ukulawula nokuphatha izinhlelo.

izinto eziningi ezafika we emakhulwini eminyaka adlule namuhla awekho athandwa, ethandwa. Kodwa hhayi udizili ugesi - isintu bengakwazanga ukuthola okunye iphila alusebenzise. Kuze kube manje, kuphela generator diesel iyakwazi ukunikeza ungaphazanyiswa ugesi ngezinye izindleko aphansi futhi kungakhathaliseki izimo zangaphandle.

Udizili ugesi eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule

Umsunguli wendlela generator diesel kuyinto Rudolf Udizili. Nokho, preconditions ukuvela zale divayisi ungase uthi ngisho engu-25 ngaphambi wokuvulwa - ngo-1831. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Maykl Faradey yethulwa umphakathi nge-generator prototype - ikhoyili zethusi wire.

Ukwakheka Faraday kuhlanganisiwe ikhoyili yethusi uzibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe ukhiqiza i kagesi waqala uphendukisa kanye uzibuthe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lokhu okusungulile ithuthukisiwe: kukazibuthe kakade esimweni umile, kanye lekhoyili sithutha njalo kuye. Ngenxa ukunyakaza ukujikeleza futhi wabonakala zamanje okuqhubekayo.

iminyaka engu-70 kamuva ubuhlakani engaziwa kuhlanganiswe le ukutholakala nge injini diesel Rudolph Udizili futhi wathola idivayisi olulodwa, okuyinto thina manje bizelani kimi generator diesel.

Udizili yangaphakathi omlilo injini, futhi

Ukuze usebenze uhlobo wamavukelambuso entsha injini Rudolf Dizel umkhankaso ngo-1890. Khona-ke inkolelo kwahlongozwa, eyayihlanganisa eqinisweni lokuthi nekusebenta injini kungathuthukiswa uma uphethiloli is injected uMbhalo ne kakade emoyeni onomfutho. By the way, injini nekusebenta 12% (okusungulile Nikolaya Otto) ngaleso sikhathi elalibhekwa njengesinye ukusebenza ezimatasa. Udizili waprofetha indalo yakhe kahle siqu-70%, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kwakuwukuba ngihlanganise sokuqala.

Lobunikazi by injini Rudolf Udizili sika kwakunjalo 1892. e Okokuqala obekumele ukuba Nokho esetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli amalahle uthuli, njengoba ucwaningo luye lwabonisa, kwakungelona ukhetho best. Yamalahle uthuli salandelwa a izinto ezimbalwa, namafutha kancane nahlanza kuphela wayebhekwa njengoba uphethiloli engcono: Udizili ke bavunyelwe bona icebo lakhe.

Ngakho-ke, udizili kuqala, okuyinto esingamathani angaba eziningana yasungulwa ngo 1893. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3, umlobi phelelisa indalo yakhe futhi ngo-1897 injini isiqalile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nekusebenta kwaba 27 kunokuba 70%, ngalezo zinsuku kwakusuke kuwumphumela irekhodi.

Inzalo yabo okuthiwa Rudolf Udizili ezishisayo injini kwezomnotho, kodwa ngemva kokufa idivayisi usosayensi lashintsha: ngo-1913 wabizwa ngokuthi "udizili yangaphakathi omlilo engine."

amandla Udizili: indlela ekupheleleni

Ekuqaleni injini diesel elisetshenziswa izindlela umile emikhunjini. Brainchild of Diesel akakwazi ngokuthi jikelele, ngoba amaphutha athile, yingakho esifundeni ukusetshenziswa imishini udizili kwaba sasivumela emincane. Kuphela cishe esikhathini esingangeminyaka eyikhulu edlule, lapho okwatholwa ezimbili ezinkulu - injini diesel ugesi - kwafakwa, i-generator diesel ubelokhu ngcono.

ekukhiqizweni udizili ugesi wahlanganyela izinkampani ezimbili: Caterpillar (Melika) futhi Perkins. Lezi zinkampani namuhla wonke amazwe omhlaba abaholi emkhakheni ukukhiqizwa amandla udizili.

Esikhathini 20s kwekhulu elidlule kwakukhona udizili ukufaka emapulazini amakhulu e Melika naseYurophu, ke owayinaka amafemu amancani ukuthi ugesi kudingeka njalo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-generator eziningana udizili yanika buholi zezimboni amandla grids. Nokho, namuhla basuke kabanzi njengendlela inqolobane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lube umthombo oyinhloko ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinhlelo imishini onobuhle eqhubekayo futhi samanje izitshalo udizili ayabaluleka obusebenzayo ngaphezulu, ithembekile, ezihlangene. Ethandwa kakhulu ziphakathi labo abadinga amandla okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izimo.