Trunking uxhumano: ukusebenza. Trunking uhlelo lokuxhumana

Enye kwamanethiwekhi weselula kungaba trunked zokuxhumana uhlelo. Lezi zixazululo ubuchwepheshe kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. Izinkampani eziningi isiRashiya, kokubili ezimele kanye nekahulumeni, uthanda nje ukuxhumana okufanayo trunking. Kuyini ngokucacile yayo? Yiziphi izinzuzo izixazululo abafanele ngaphambi kwamanye amazinga zokuxhumana ethandwa luzoqala eRussia nakwamanye amazwe?

Yiziphi uhlelo trunking?

Trunking zokuxhumana - uhlobo eliwumhlaba mobile netinsita uhlobo radially-zonal. Isebenza by iziteshi zokusabalalisa ukuphinda phakathi ababhalisile ikumodi othomathikhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "trunking zokuxhumana" uhambelana indlela ukufinyelela komsebenzisi isethi ekhethiwe iziteshi, ngaphakathi kwalo la i isisetshenziswa khulula zabelwe obhalisile oluthize inkathi uxhumano.

ingqalasizinda Trunking ngokuvamile uvezwa:

- imishini phansi;

- iziteshi zokubhalisa.

Isakhiwo isici sokuqala ingqalasizinda trunked kuhlanganisa eziteshini base futhi abalawuli. ukubukwa Modern yohlobo ehambisana of imishini uvumele ukunikeza ukusetshenziswa zokuxhumana kohlaka ngazinye, iqembu noma ukusakaza ucingo izinhlobo. Kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukuxhuma eyodwa zokubhalisa esiteshini kwesinye ngaphandle asebenzise base station imithombo.

Uhlobo zokuxhumana kusebenza anhlobonhlobo nokuvikeleka komphakathi amabutho izinselele. Kubalulekile lapha ukuze zivumelane nalokho okufunwa lobuchwepheshe SORM zokuxhumana trunked izinhlelo. Labo kuvame fixed nemithethonqubo yeminyango.

trunking imisebenzi zokuxhumana:

Cabangela izimiso eziyisisekelo trunked zokuxhumana.

ubuchwepheshe ezifanele kuhilela ukusetshenziswa amagagasi ultra-esifushane, kanye nezokuxhumana mobile. Ukwandisa uhla isignali zisetshenziswa e trunked ingqalasizinda repeater. Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi ukubunjwa yayo samanje eziteshini base. Singasho imelelwa eyodwa noma izinto eziningana - esimweni sokuqala inethiwekhi labizwa ngokuthi kwisayithi elilodwa lesibili - njengendlela multi-zone.

Eyokuqala kwenethiwekhi trunking ivumela ukuhlela ukuxhumana engamakhulu amaningi ababhalisile. Manje ngenxa ukufakwa ingqalasizinda inani elidingekayo iziteshi base anganikeza isixhumanisi phakathi cishe noma yikuphi inani lababhalisile. Trunking opharetha ungakwazi ukwaba okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini ucingo kwezokuxhumana ezimeni ezahlukene - simplex, Duplex. Modern ingqalasizinda inhlobo efanele kungenzeka kunikeza isivikelo okungagunyaziwe iziteshi ukufinyelela ekulalela, kwenza amadivayisi okukhipha kwi-Inthanethi. Trunking zokuxhumana izinhlelo digital futhi analog.

Obani abasebenzisa trunking yesistimu?

Trunking izinhlelo ezikhona zibe yize, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, izakhi radially-zonal ingqalasizinda inethiwekhi futhi ezisebenza i ultra-short-range, wagxila ikakhulu ku amakhasimende ezinkampani, ukuze abomthetho. Yize amakhasimende ayinhloko opharetha mobile - ngabanye. Trunking kangcono inhlangano yokuxhumana tekusebenta ngaphakathi amaqembu ochwepheshe - ngokwesibonelo, lapho eziveza wesibopho, izabelo, ngokusiza abanye, uma kuziwa kwizinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.

Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi kubhekwe umbono kwezokuxhumana kufunwe amasevisi isimo. Eqinisweni, tetakhiwo letifanelekile abasebenzisi main kwalesi silwane zokuxhumana. Lokhu kungenxa eziningi umehluko oyisisekelo trunking nezokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi, kusukela komakhalekhukhwini - ijwayelekile abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. okungukuthi:

- kungenzeka cishe leso - ngaphakathi 0.5 imizuzwana, uxhumano eyodwa zokubhalisa komunye;

- sokunquma kuqala iziteshi zokuxhumana ;

- kungenzeka ababhalisile komunye nomunye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nesiteshi;

- nokutholakala kwezinsiza ukumisa inethiwekhi ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko umsebenzisi;

- kungenzeka ukuhlela iqembu, ukusakaza, eziphuthumayo, shayela iziboshwa;

- nokutholakala kwezinsiza ubethele zokuxhumana, ikhono lokuzwa izingxoxo isikhokhelo.

Lezi ongakhetha aziyona into evamile ngoba ezivamile yeselula. Ezinye ukufana ne trunking ubuchwepheshe has a Push ejwayelekile mobile Ukuze Khuluma. Kodwa abaningi nenqubo asifanele nezinsiza zomphakathi.

Solwazi ukuxhumana kangcono trunking? Okokuqala, ikhono ukudlulisa idatha ifayela ngesivinini - isihambile amazinga 4G ukuvumela Inkomba ukufinyelela amashumi megabits ngomzuzwana. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi avezwa Tetra ejwayelekile zokuxhumana trunking (uma sikhuluma ubuchwepheshe version-R2), ngokomthetho, futhi uyakwazi ngesivinini ukudluliswa kwedatha.

Tetra - ezobuchwepheshe kubhekwa nezokuxhumana. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuthi ukuxhumeka trunking "Tetra" ku-RI nguqulo kancane phansi kunabaphostoli-R2 Standard - ikakhulukazi, izinga idatha. Nakuba izinketho main kungenzeka kokubili ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile wafana. It kuyoba usizo eziqhathanisa namanye amazinga ajwayelekile trunking zokuxhumana.

amazinga Basic trunking wezokuxhumana

Amathekhiniki ezivamile zihlanganisa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, labo ihlukaniswa njengoba digital. Analog trunking ingqalasizinda akuyona kakhulu ziphoqa. Ethandwa kakhulu amazinga zokuxhumana yalolu hlobo:

- EDACS.

- Iden.

- Tetra.

- APCO.

Cabangela izici ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.

EDACS ejwayelekile

EDACS ejwayelekile yasungulwa abadumile Swedish corporation Ericsson. Yena ubhekwa njengesilwane esisengcupheni yangasese. Le ndinganiso kuhilela nokudluliswa kwemininingwane ngokusebenzisa imigudu esebenzisa yamaza ehlukahlukene (kodwa ngaphakathi MHz 870). Njengengxenye inethiwekhi trunked, kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze isixhumanisi phakathi th 16. Ababhalisile.

Kubhekwe indinganiso enokwethenjelwa ngokwanele, kodwa kubhekwa esiphelelwe isikhathi, njengoba empeleni Nokho kuhilela ukudluliselwa amasignali analog, futhi usebenzisa ingqalasizinda digital. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, ivaliwe. trunking zokuxhumana imishini bazivumelanisa ke, ingakhipha kuphela inkampani-unjiniyela.

Iden ejwayelekile

Le ndinganiso - nazo ivaliwe. He sungula Motorola Corporation. Isidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Nyakatfo Melika, kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, e-Asia. ubuchwepheshe Kubhekwe kungenziwa ukusebenza kohlaka evamile isiqu inethiwekhi ababhalisile opharetha mobile amasevisi - ezifana ngokuthumela i-SMS, ngefeksi, inthanethi.

ERussia, namazinga afanele akazange ukusakaza, ochwepheshe bathi, kungenxa yokuthi, njengoba lisetshenziswe kohlaka imvamisa yakhe - 805-821 MHz noma 855-866 MHz engeyinhle kakhulu ngokuya ekuxazululeni izinkinga abasebenzisi eyinhloko trunked zokuxhumana ukuthi njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kukhona imisebenzi kahulumeni. By the way, inkampani Motorola ukhiphe eziningana izixazululo ukuthi kukhona iyahambisana kokubili trunking noma nge ubuchwepheshe amaselula.

Tetrapol PAS

Le ndinganiso zokuxhumana yasungulwa eFrance Matra Ukuxhumana ethunywe amasevisi French imfihlo. Libhekene ukubandakanywa amaza iphansana - kusuka 70 kuya 520 MHz, ukusetshenziswa engesiyo lithandwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Nokho, imizamo waseRussia ukuhlola olufanele ejwayelekile trunking nezokuxhumana.

Tetra

Sesihlole ezinye izici Tetra ubuchwepheshe. Sizokwenza ukufunda imininingwane yayo eqondile.

Trunking uxhumano "Tetra" - lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, ukukhulumisana ngokukhululekile ejwayelekile akhiwa ochwepheshe European. Ngaphandle kwe-Europe isikhathi eside kwakungeyona kuvame kakhulu, kodwa manje selisetshenziswa abantu isiRashiya, izinkampani eziningi Asian, African kanye nezinkampani-South America.

Ukuvuleleka kubhekwe indinganiso kubenza bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne abakhiqizi ezahlukene nemishini trunking zokuxhumana. Inkampani ihlele ukukhiqiza amadivaysi ezifanele, kumelwe Nokho, abe ilungu Mou Tetra, ngaleyo ndlela eqinisekisa ukuzimisela kwayo nesandla ekuthuthukiseni lobu buchwepheshe. brand eminingi yanamuhla esikhiqiza nemishini trunking amanethiwekhi, wangena inhlangano.

Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi indinganiso-R2 ivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini. Kungenzeka, ngokukhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe ezihlobene zokuxhumana trunking kuhlangene iziteshi yeselula broadband.

I-Russian ejwayelekile "Tetra" is ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "TETRARUS" ezaziwayo. Ngakho, lalisetshenziselwa kwesakhiwonchanti ezokuxhumana phakathi iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo Sochi.

APCO 25

Omunye ethandwa zokuxhumana trunking ubuchwepheshe - APCO 25. Lakhiwa Association of izakhiwo nokuvikeleka elezokuXhumana. Indlunkulu izakhiwo zitholakala e-US, e -United of Virginia futhi Florida.

Buhle le ndinganiso - kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka imigudu yokuxhumana nge ezingeni eziphakeme zokulondeka okumele izuzwe kusetshenziswa ukubethela ubuchwepheshe obehlukene. Esinye isici ngokuphawulekayo APCO ukuthi ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise yamaza ehlukahlukene - kusuka 139 kuya 869 MHz. Izinga eliphezulu of ukuvikelwa, okunikeza ezifanele zokuxhumana trunking uhlelo inquma isidingo siphakeme ngokwanele ukuze kube kusukela kumasevisi ekhethekile Russian.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eRussia lalikhona izindinganiso zalo siqu zokuxhumana, ezisebenza izimiso trunking. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kungenxa isidingo ukudala netinsita okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi evikelekile. Uma ukubandakanywa indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo sisetshenziswa trunking uhlelo lokuxhumana uku silahRF ahlomile. Abaningi ukuxhumana ukuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ibutho isiRashiya, elakhelwe izidingo ukuzivikela futhi kungukuthi eyenzelwe primnenie mass.

I abahlinzeki eyinhloko trunked tinhlelo tekuchumana eRussia

Cabangela lokho okushiwo abanye brand eRussia ukukulethela amasevisi usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe embuzweni.

Famous Russian opharetha trunking zokuxhumana - inkampani "RadioTel". It has ingqalasizinda ukuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi eselula e iziteshi ezisemadolobheni. It ihambisa izixazululo abezimo eziphuthumayo, oluphuthumayo, amakhasimende yangasese.

Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo Russian trunking opharetha - "Tetrasvyaz". It ngokukhethekile ekusebentiseni izixazululo ngaphakathi Tetra ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia. It sinikeza anhlobonhlobo amasevisi - kusukela design kunethiwekhi trunking nokusebenza.

Omunye umkhiqizo enkulu izixazululo trunking emakethe - "Regiontrank". Le nkampani inikeza ngamasevisi ngokuyinhloko esifundeni Moscow, kanye kwezinye izifunda Russian Federation Centre. Brand Positioning ngokwaso njengoba umhlinzeki izixazululo bazivumelanisa sokunqophisa ibhizinisi icubungula iziphathimandla ethize izivumelwano.

Enye inkampani owaziwa, nesebenzela in ingxenye ka trunking ubuchwepheshe - "Isikhungo-Telco". Kungase kuphawulwe ukuthi izixazululo zayo ingqalasizinda isicelo, ukusebenza kohlaka EDACS ejwayelekile.

Amathemba sokuthuthukiswa trunking izixazululo eRussia

Ngakho safunda ukuthi ukukhulumisana trunking, isimiso ekwakheni ukuxhumana izindinganiso zalo. Manje ake sibone ukuthi izazi zithi mayelana amathemba sokuthuthukiswa izixazululo ezifanele eRussia. Le nkinga ngesihloko izingqungquthela ezinkulu kanye nalabamele Russian ezokuxhumana umkhakha - ejensi, abahlinzeki kanye namakhasimende abo.

Umphakathi acoce izinzuzo efanele trunking izixazululo ngokuyinhloko ubuchwepheshe amaselula, kanye nokusebenza amazinga akhona yedatha ukuxhumana ku Russian Federation. Ngakho, phakathi ochwepheshe emkhakheni izixazululo embuzweni, iphuzu ezivamile buka, owawuthi Russia kungaba kuhle nje okwamanje Tetra ubuchwepheshe - ukuvumela sokuthuthukiswa nezinsiza zokuxhumana ku Russian Federation.

Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi "Tetra" ejwayelekile likhethiwe lokwakha ingqalasizinda zokuxhumana we-Olympic Games in Sochi. Kodwa eRussia, ngandlela-thile, emelelwe iningi trunking nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana kulezo ezisebenza kuphi emhlabeni - futhi lokho singabali ngentuthuko ekhethekile yezempi. Inani elikhulu izinhlobo ezifanele izixazululo ezishumekwe WaseRussia, ngenxa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuntuleka iyunifomu yokutholwa ezingeni federal, nenqubo yokukhetha okungcono ubuchwepheshe ezisekelweni lokwakha ingqalasizinda trunking.

Ukuthuthukiswa yohlobo ehambisana kwezokuxhumana eRussia kungaba nzima bezibona kuyadida izinzuzo zalezi zinqumo izinhloko zeminyango, bobani abasebenzisi eyinhloko ubuchwepheshe kuxoxwa. Kubo akusiyo njalo bokuphakama sobala trunking ingqalasizinda kumanethiwekhi eselula. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezahlukene.

Okokuqala, yokuthi amalungiselelo we-analog trunking zokuxhumana, izixazululo digital inhlobo efanele kufanele, njengoba umthetho, kakhulu ezibizayo ngaphandle Isobho for ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe yeselula. Kulokhu, ejensi ngokuvamile musa acabangele izinzuzo ezisobala trunking zokuxhumana -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ku kahle nokuphepha kwe izingxoxo futhi udlulise ulwazi. Futhi, Izindleko zangempela elihlobene ne ngocingo, lapho ukuzibandakanya trunking izixazululo kungaba kakhulu ngaphansana esimweni ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana - design ofanele lolu hlobo kwezindlela zokuxhumana.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isimiso zokuxhumana trunking awasebenzi kuphela ukuqinisekisa izingxoxo tekusebenta phakathi ababhalisile. Ngesisekelo ubuchwepheshe efanele ezingase zithathwe Positioning System into - ngokuhlanganyela yayo GPS-izixhumanisi, kanye Tracking kanye nokuqapha yayo izikhungo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekwakheni sakhiwonchanti ezifanele kungenzeka adinga ukwethulwa kuqhathaniswa eqolo Duplex izixazululo - cishe uyosizakala amadivayisi okwanele simplex. Le ndlela kwesicelo trunking zokuxhumana - esinye isici sokukhula nesithakazelo kuwo kusuka izinkampani ezahlukene Russian nama-ejensi.

isifinyezo

Ngakho safunda ukuthi ubuchwepheshe trunking, kubhekwe namazinga main zokuxhumana, elihambisana kubo. Abasebenzisi eyinhloko izinqumo ezifanele - amasevisi ekhethekile isiRashiya, ezinhlakeni zezikhungo, amabhizinisi amakhulu. I-Russian ibutho amayunithi wasebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumana trunking, elakhelwe imisebenzi yezempi - elibiyelwe.

Izinzuzo main okuyinto njani ubuchwepheshe: idatha exchange kahle, ulwazi lokuphepha, high speed yokudlulisela idatha (in the case of amazinga ethuthukisiwe digital), ikhono ukwakha amanethiwekhi e ngezinga elikhulu - enikeziwe ukusetshenziswa eliphezulu futhi enikeziwe in isamba elanele eziteshini base.

Ngo amanethiwekhi trunking kuningi esifana ne yeselula - ukusebenza kule uhla ultra-esifushane, ikhono ukuthumela imiyalezo phakathi idivayisi, ungene kuyi-Internet lapho ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi efanele. Hardware izixazululo esetshenziswa ngaphakathi ingqalasizinda trunking, ngokuvamile ezibizayo. Kodwa ukuqaliswa elungiselelwe inkampani yabo amaklayenti ungagcina kakhulu - ngokuyinhloko ku traffic.

Ezweni wenza eziningana impela trunking amazinga zokuxhumana. ERussia naseYurophu, ubuchwepheshe ethandwa kakhulu libhekene "Tetra" e-US - APCO. Nakuba eRussia ngezinga elithile umsebenzi ehilelekile kakhulu izindinganiso trunking emhlabeni.

Amathemba uhlobo ezifanele uxhumo Russian Federation incike onjani ubuchwepheshe ziyokwamukelwa njengamadodana ekuholeni - okungenani ezifundeni eziningi zezwe. Kukhona izizathu ukusho ukuthi izinga main usazoba "Tetra" - njengoba ofanele kakhulu Russia esekelwe ukuthuthukiswa ezithile ezokuxhumana emakethe kuleli zwe.

Okunye isimo abalulekile sokuthuthukisa ngempumelelo izindawo ezinengozi enjalo ubuchwepheshe njengoba trunking nezokuxhumana Russian Federation - ukhulisa izinga ulwazi nezincazelo zamakhono ukuphathwa neminyango, okuyizinto abasebenzisi sangempela abangaba sezinqumo efanele. Nakuba izinzuzo eziningi izakhiwo kwamandla ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa imiqondo zobuchwepheshe - boni. Kodwa-ke, kufanele trunking izixazululo ku Russian Federation - has umthengi ayo, futhi sebevele kakhulu ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa. ERussia yokutholwa elawula ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi efanele yokuphepha ubuchwepheshe. Ngakho, ezingeni wesi labameli Russian Federation wadala izimo sokuthuthukiswa trunking zokuxhumana.

Yiqiniso, kungase kudingeke ukuthuthukisa futhi zamukele ezinye izenzo zomthetho, umphumela lapho kuzosebenza ezingeni civil - kodwa uma isithakazelo kumphakathi ibhizinisi kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu, omunye bangalindela imizamo efanele ezingeni elawula amandla izakhiwo.

Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ngayo Russian Federation usukela ukunwetshwa kwenkululeko isicelo, kanye ngcono hardware ne-software actuated ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ingqalasizinda trunking.