Temple of the Cross oNgcwele. Ithempeli kwi luyingxenye Ravine: izithombe, umlando, ukukhulekela isheduli

Eminyakeni yokwakha kabusha, ke waphindiselwa isakhiwo sesonto othembekile, kanye ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa izenzakalo ezinkulu yomlando wobuKristu - Ekuphakanyisweni weSiphambano. Ekupheleni kuka-kowezi-2000, wagcina wabuyela ukubukeka yokuqala, futhi kunzima ukuba idlulisele umuzwa wazizwa yibandla lapho wezwa ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni eminingi, izinsimbi zesonto okuyinto kwakuzwakala insimbi yayo umbhoshongo abuyiselwe yena.

Phakathi udonga indlela odlulayo

Temple of the Cross Ongcwele Ravine okumsulwa beza kithi kusukela ugcwele ukuhlupheka futhi okhathazeke kwekhulu XVII (Nokho, yimuphi ekhulwini eRussia ayehlaselwa ezolile?). Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVII kweziningi River Moskva phakathi adumile Smolensk komgwaqo futhi udonga, okuyinto wayiswa umquba kuyinto Awukude ezitebeleni bobukhosi, waqala ukwakhiwa yesonto itshe. Lokhu kwanika igama umhosha kwakhiwa kamuva Vrazhskim imizila. Ngemva wayegeza, yena waziwa ngokuthi Ravine Clean.

Lesi sakhiwo esisha isonto, elamiswa esizeni endala, owafika isikhathi ezigugile esakhiweni sezingodo, wakha iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili futhi laqedwa 1658. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwathiwa bophezela ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa Ekuphakanyisweni weSiphambano. Ithempeli kwi luyingxenye udonga ngengozi anikezelwe lo mcimbi oyindumezulu.

inkumbulo Human is baqhubeka ezethusayo Isikhathi Nezinkinga, lapho ingezwe munyu okubangelwa Uqhekeko isonto, ngakho ngethemba olungenamkhawulo waphenduka amehlo abo akuthumela Cross - uphawu uthando futhi umhlatshelo uJehova. Ukuzuza kusukela eByzantium lasendulo, eMoscow wathatha nalo isimo zokuhlonipha ka "Okwesithathu eRoma."

Umsebenzi wokwakha, ngekhulu XVIII

I elalisanda kwakhiwa ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa Ekuphakanyisweni yesonto Cross ku Ravine okumsulwa igcinwe ezakheke kuqhathaniswa ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. Ngo 1701, intandokazi Tsar uPetru mina, Prince Vasily Sheremetev, kokuba kukhicite isifiso sokukhonza uNkulunkulu akayena nje umphefumulo kuphela, kodwa dolobha, kahle kabusha, futhi ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba ukuthi isakhiwo main ingezwe i yesonto ezengeziwe, lwaluba a cupola nge esiphambanweni.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuhlukana kusukela ngekhulu XVIII, isonto labo kwakudingeka isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze uguqule ukubukeka kwabo. Esikhathini kusuka 1761 kuya ku-1782, bangakunaki abanikeli yokuzithandela, futhi baye idume eMoscow njalo, kukhona Kwakuseshwa imisebenzi ebalulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, thina kabusha futhi lakhulisiwe altare, Refectory wamisa ekuqaleni Chapel leminyaka. Kumele sikhokhe intela abakhi. Ukwakha new wall, bona bayigcina ngokucophelela akhiwe kwekhulu XVII - kufakazelwa ucwaningo esanda kwenziwa.

Ikhulu entsha nemisebenzi emisha

Phakathi umlilo ezimbi ezenzeka emkhathini ngonyaka ka ayehlasela amabutho sikaNapoleon wahlupheka Nethempeli Isiphambano oNgcwele. Ithempeli kwi luyingxenye Ravine wabelane isiphetho Amasonto amaningi eMoscow futhi amasonto ababhishobhi. Kodwa futhi babasiza zabantu Wesihlalo Sobukhosi Okokuqala Nkulunkulu onothando - Omkhulu bayakha kabusha izwe wokushiswa ngilahlekile. Yasiza othile ayengakwenza. On the Suku Ehlulelo ngoba konke mawabhekwe - ubona, futhi ngeke abanesono nokuzitika umphefumulo. Ngemva konyaka, ibandla abuyiselwe lanikezelwa.

Ngo-1846, wamuka waya eNkosini asibonisa ocebile - ngowokuqala inhlangano yomthengisi G. I. Blohin. Ngaphandle kokubacasula ubani intando izihlobo, ithempeli likaNkulunkulu, futhi wahamba preizryadno lemali. Ukuze-ke iminikelo wengeze ezinye Umuntu othile owesaba uNkulunkulu - nomakhi wendawo Ganeshin. inhloko-dolobha yabo ngokuhlanganyela kwakwanele ukwakhiwa basembhoshongweni insimbi, nakuba ayengafiki okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa isipikili ngokwenza Spire, futhi idivayisi ngaphakathi ethempelini omunye yesonto, abangcweliselwe ekupheleni imisebenzi behlonipha Arhangela Gavriila.

Gully, esongela ethempelini

Ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye ukukhathazeka amakholwa kwadingeka ukuxazulula inkinga ebalulekile kakhulu, okuyinto babe inkulumo eside. Iqiniso lokuthi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli eduze udonga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emthambekeni emaweni kakade waqala ukuwa, futhi usiko eyingozi esondela isisekelo sesakhiwo, ngaleyo ndlela ukudala ingozi wokugoqa. bawadinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuze uqinise emthambekeni, futhi lokhu izimali ezidingekayo.

Njengenjwayelo, mina ngiza kosizo donor yokuzithandela. Kulokhu-ke, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi umthengisi Ivan Stepanovich Vinogradov. On izindlela siqu asekelayo wakha udonga lwamatshe, ukuvimbela ekwandeni lwalowomgodi futhi ukuqeda ubungozi okusongela isakhiwo. Yilokho isakhiwo pretty umxhwele liye lasinda kuze kube namuhla.

Kakade ekupheleni kwekhulu, ithempeli usebhekene zinyanga kulungiswe zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. It seliphinde zandiswa ehlukile ahlelwe Izindlwana nasenyakatho naseningizimu. Kuleli fomu, wangena leminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, lapho siqhutshwa sokunakekela asebegulela ukufa, eyenzelwe abantu abayishumi nesithupha.

"Inkanyezi" lomshado

Umcimbi okuphawulekayo emlandweni wesonto owawuse khona Meyi 25, 1901 Wedding Antona Pavlovicha Chehova nomlingisi wesifazane odumile O. L. Knipper. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umshado kwaba, njengoba sasithi namuhla, "inkanyezi", wonke mkhosi kwaba nesizotha kakhulu. Ubani engafuni kwaziwe kulesi sehlakalo futhi ukumema abantu bangaphandle, laba abashadayo yayiba kuphela khona ezidingekile isakramente ofakazi ezine.

isiphetho Post-mbuso ka-the Ekuphakanyisweni Engcwele Cross Church

Ithempeli kwi luyingxenye Ravine, wayemthanda njalo ibandla futhi inemali eyanele ukwakhisa zabo, ezazidume ngokutshala ubuhle cefe. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala kulandela Okthoba Revolution, waba yinto abantu bephanga izinto zokweqa umthetho. Ekuqaleni, likhishwa konke, ngokuvumelana iziphathimandla omusha, ongowenani, futhi ngo-1930 wavalwa ngokuphelele. Rector yesonto kayise Nicholas (Saryevskogo) ithunyelwe, futhi isakhiwo wayonakalisiwe, waphula umbhoshongo isikhencezo Dome. Almshouse nendlu ladilizwa ukuze Abefundisi ezingadingekile.

Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi kwamandla Soviet isakhiwo sesonto u isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa kanye ngenxa yokuntula ukulungisa iza laphinde labhidlika. Kuphela nineties zakuqala, ethempelini Cross Ongcwele Ravine okumsulwa, isithombe sayo zeminyaka okusesihlokweni esithi, yanikwa izikhulu zamasonto. Ngo-1993 kwathiwa kabusha ngayingcwelisa, futhi kuwo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baphinde bayingenela inkonzo. Njengoba ezikhathini zangaphambili, kwakukhona abantu, ngokusebenzisa iminikelo yabo baye basiza ekululameni kwakhe futhi sokubuyiselwa.

Ithempeli namuhla

Ngemva kokuchitha cishe ayisikhombisa namashumi eminyaka edlule, isihlamba nencithakalo, ephinde ebonana besonto lakhe Bandla Ekuphakanyisweni Wesiphambano Ongcwele Ravine okumsulwa. Uhlelo amasevisi amaSonto kanye namaholide kanje: umthandazo - at 7:45 am, Nowaphezulu - 9:00. Ezinsukwini ezisele: Ukuvuma izono ngokukhululeka nangokusuka - at 8:00 am, Nowaphezulu - 9:00 futhi ubusuku bonke umlindelo - at 17:00. Ithempeli ivuliwe nsuku zonke kusukela 7:30 kuya 19:00.

Temple of the Cross Ongcwele Ravine okumsulwa, umlando lapho namuhla wangena esiteji entsha, igxathu negxathu eduze ezingeni kwempilo engokomoya, wayaziwa kule minyaka zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Duzane kwakhe kwakukhona u-nomphakathi omkhulu, ngesisekelo okungazo abantu abenza ukholo ezinamandla ezingasisiza ukugxilisa le mfanelo kulabo nje ufuna indlela eya kuNkulunkulu.