Strip izisekelo ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu: umklamo, isakhiwo ngezigaba ukwakhiwa

Strip izisekelo kwagcizelela zezitsha ukhonkolo namuhla njengoba izixazululo ezivamile ekwakhiweni emizini yabazalwane. Weemnyaka wokusebenza ike yasebenza kahle, empeleni ulula elungiselelweni, futhi akazange afune ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile kanye namadivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

ubuchwepheshe

Ukuze ukwakha eyizingqabavu futhi ithembekile, kubalulekile ukugcina ubuchwepheshe. It sihlinzekela ukusungulwa kwesisekelo iphrojekthi, ukumba imisele, kokufaka formwork nokuqiniswa ithebhu lusebenza ku ungangenisi amanzi. Ngokuvamile, isisekelo strip kuyinto strip Monolithic sikakhonkolo ukhonkolo, okuyinto esakhiwe sithela ezindongeni zendlu. isisekelo okunjalo sekwephuzile, uma kufanele ukuba umakhele indlu yangasese izinto nge mass umxhwele, phakathi lapho kufanele egqanyisiwe:

• amabhlogo ilahle;
• isitini;
• aphathekako;
• itshe.

isisekelo iphrojekthi kungenziwa amise futhi izakhiwo Imibandela ukuthi kukhona sela, engaphansi noma igalaji ngomshoshaphansi. Ungasebenzisa lolu hlobo isisekelo futhi uma indlu uzoba Loft noma ilanga lifiphale esindayo. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ekhethelwe iziyingi lapho inhlabathi ikakhulukazi heterogeneous. Ngokuvamile, tape base kufanelekile cishe zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, njengokukhishiwe kukhona Peat nomhlabathi subsidence.

Izinhlobonhlobo Monolithic strip izisekelo

Tape kwagcizelela ukhonkolo isisekelo uvezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okungase ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka ezicini eziningana, kuhlanganise nokubeka ukujula. Ukuze izakhiwo ezinkulu zokwakha esindayo asetshenziswa isisekelo wangcwatshwa, esemgwaqweni at in the uhla kusuka 250 kuya ku-300 mm ukujula.

Isisekelo okunjalo kumelwe ube ngezansi ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa. Olunye uhlobo strip isisekelo - design melkozaglublennaya ukuthi kufanelekile ukukhanya Uhlaka izakhiwo. Ukujula kulokhu kungase kube elilingana kumkhawulo 550 kuya kwangu-600 mm.

ukulungiswa izinto

Tape kwagcizelela isisekelo ukhonkolo yakhiwe ngemuva ukulungiswa amanye amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha. Phakathi zokugcina okumelwe ahlukaniswe kubo:

• ukufulela;
• steel wire;
• nokufakwa kwayo;
• ngezikulufo noma izipikili;
• imfucumfucu futhi isihlabathi;
• ukhonkolo.

Monolithic ukhonkolo strip izisekelo singavalwa ngokuzimela nge ukhonkolo lelungiselelwe. Ngoba bazodinga M-400 usimende noma ngenhla. Kuyadingeka ukuba balungiselele isixazululo kakhudlwana futhi srednefraktsionny ochotshoziwe itshe, isihlabathi futhi amatshe.

Kwakha luhlaka

Design kwesisekelo kungase kusekelwe idatha balawule yezizathu ukujula, kuye ngokuthi inhlabathi. Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni enamadwala lakwa 200 mm ukujula, kuyilapho umthwalo phansi kulingana 20 kN / m ^2. Lezi zibalo ezivumelekile izindlu, emadlangaleni futhi bathhouses. Layisha ukwanda-30 kN / m ^2, ngenkathi ebeka 300 mm ukujula, uma iyizwe indlu eyodwa storey nge ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Amapharamitha kuyoba ulingana 50 kN / m ² futhi 500 mm, ngokulandelana, uma uhlela ukwakha cottage ezimbili storey.

Storey indlu kuyodingeka isisekelo, kuqinise ukuthi 650 mm, kuyilapho umthwalo 70 kN / m ^2. Uma kuziwa insimu, ubuswa loam obukhulu noma ubumba, ukujula kubekwa for ukwakhiwa kwezomnotho kuyoba ulingana 300 mm. Storey storey indlu noma indlu ezimbili storey is lwajula egumbini indawo 350 mm 600 mm, ngokulandelana. Storey indlu uzoba isizinda, a lalihlehliswa at 850 mm.

Kuphethe Umklamo isisekelo, ungase uhlangane icala lapho Insimu esihlabathini esithambile noma iphulwe loam sandy. Esimweni sokuqala nokubeka isakhiwo ipulazi isisekelo 450 mm ukujula, kwesibili - mm 400. Uma uhlela ukwakha eyodwa storey iholidi ekhaya, phezu kwesihlabathi ezithambile kwesisekelo salo kumele lalihlehliswa ngu-650 mm. Daka esimweni umjondolo noma ubhavu kudinga base okuyinto luyajula ukuba 650 mm. Turbaries zidinga uhlobo oluhlukile isisekelo.

Ukubalwa umthwalo esisekelweni

Umthwalo esisekelweni ibalwa ngezindlela eziningana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wazi indawo izindonga, kubalwa ngokuvele azalane ukuphakama umakhiwo ipherimitha yendlu. Lokufuduka izindonga ibalwa ngokuvele azalane endaweni by ukushuba. Kubalulekile ukucacisa isisindo ngokushesha ezindongeni ngisho ngokuvele azalane inani ivolumu material.

Thola indawo isisekelo can amaqembu ngokuvele azalane ukushuba azungezwe. umthwalo Specific on the base kuyoba ilingane sibalo, okuyinto etholakala sokuhlukanisa isisindo izindonga nxazonke endaweni isisekelo.

indawo Ukumaka

Ukwakha isisekelo strip Indlu yona, ku esigabeni sokuqala, kufanele afeze yomdwebo. Indawo ngaphambi kokuba bahlanza zonke amatshe kanye lezinto angaphandle isuswe ebusweni elingenhla enhlabathini evundile ungqimba kabani ukujiya ilingana kumkhawulo 120 kuya ku-150 mm.

Uma ungenalo banakekele ukususwa izinsalela organic, lokhu kungadala yokubola izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo lapho azithandeki ngenxa ezindlini. Kungxenyekazi engeli lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako yomdwebo usebenzisa nezikhonkwane. Evenness yokumiswa yabo kufanele acacise nokucutshungulwa we diagonals. Nezikhonkwane kungenziwa ihlelwe kabusha njengoba kudingeka. Phakathi kwabo welulela intambo eqinile, ngawo ungakwazi ukulawula emakhoneni futhi zilawule indlela kwesisekelo band.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha isisekelo strip for indlu, ukuze ukhombise ekhoneni ungasebenzisa izingxenye ukulungele lokhuni ngesimo calandze. Omunye wabo isethwe endaweni oyifunayo futhi isilungisiwe. Kufanele uzibophele izintambo ezimbili, ngokusekelwe ibanga obubanzi emseleni we base. Izintambo kumelwe welulele indawo elilandelayo, lapho engela yesibili itholakala. Lo msuka enamathiselwe welulela izintambo. Lokhu kuzovumela i-ukubalwa emakhoneni 4.

Uma izindonga umthwalo esindayo uzobe elise izakhiwo ngaphakathi ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukwenza yomdwebo kwabo ubuchwepheshe obufanayo. Njengoba nje wonke engele kuyoba obala, kufanele kube khona ukubuyisana diagonals kwesikwele noma isikwele. Kufanele alingane, kube siyobonisa ukuthi engeli zilungile. Ngaphambi obeka isisekelo, kubalulekile ukuze iphawule indawo. Ngokuhamba intambo kungaba lime posypku ezomile, kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde isiqondiso tape ukuhlonza amaphutha. Uma isakhiwo izindonga zangaphakathi kanye wesifunda usuphothuliwe, kubalulekile ukumaka isisekelo ithala, kuvulandi noma kuvulandi.

ukulungiswa emseleni

Uma uyazibuza zendlela ongakha ngayo isisekelo, kubalulekile ukuba amba umsele kolayini imakwe esenyukele ngokujulile ezweni lakwa-design nemingcele. Ukuze uqale kumbiwa isisekelo kufanele kube kusuka ekhoneni elingakwesokudla phansi, izonikeza we emseleni kanye lonke ubude ukujula ezahlukene.

Wall ngu ukumba inhlabathi kufanele azame ukwenza mpo futhi bushelelezi. Lapho ezichitha phansi ngobuthakathaka isipele yesikhashana setha. Ukusebenza phezu emseleni, ngezikhathi ezithile ukwenza emthambekeni nokujula izilinganiso. Uma isisekelo okumele esisogwini eyehlelayo, phansi emseleni kufanele ibe kanye azungezwe ukujula iyunifomu. Ngezinye izikhathi le ndlu isesimweni esibi iziko, isitofu noma esinye isakhiwo isitini. Kubalulekile kulesigaba ukuze banakekele isisekelo izikhungo ezinjengalezi.

Ilungiselela phansi

Ukwakha isisekelo endlini ngempela kufaka phansi nokulungiselela. It is batheleka esihlabathini umcamelo, ogama ukujiya kuyoba ongu- 150 200 mm. Sand kufanele ohlangene. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa ngeke usabalalise umthwalo isisindo ukwakhiwa ophelele owenziwa nguJesu isisekelo. Le nqubo kubaluleke ngokukhethekile, uma ukwakhiwa ingaphansi indlela phezu ugonyuluka nenhlabathi engazinzile.

Ukugcwaliswa arcade kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu, ukushuba we ungqimba ngalunye kufanele kube 50 mm. Isihlabathi kahle ohlangene futhi oswakanyiswe amanzi. Umcamelo ipulangwe ukufulela impahla evikela ke ungaguguleki futhi ngeke avumele ukuba ubisi usimende cwilisa emgodini. Zophahla impahla izenzo kakhudlwana futhi nokuvikela okuyingxenye komhlaba isisekelo. Indaba kumelwe uqale ezindongeni emseleni ngo-150 mm.

ukufakwa formwork

Umsele kufanele usethe shuttering amabhodi, okuyinto adiliza emva ukhonkolo uthele. Lokhu kusisekelo zingenziwa unomphela, eminye vimbela base. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa le njongo ebhodini, ezinye zazo kumele uze phansi izihlangu bese usetha uqotho phansi. Ngenhla phansi formwork kumele ifike ukuphakama lapho sihlelwe ukukhulisa plinth Ngokwengxenye, lokhu ipharamitha uqobo phakathi 350 kuya kwangu-400 mm.

Solid ezivundlile oxhumene kumele kuvikelwe, kuyilapho ezinhlangothini elingaphandle Amabha kufanele kusekelwe. Ukuze ipulangwe odongeni akazange ukuhlakaza lapho ukhonkolo kuthululwe, basuke basonta steel wire. Ngezinye izikhathi isisekelo has amathuba umzila ukuxhumana, kuleso simo izigaba ipayipi kufanele isethwe njengoba spacers phakathi amabhodi. Ukufaka isakhiwo sokhuni, kubalulekile ukuba ngezinye izikhathi ahlole flatness ngokusebenzisa ezingeni umoya, kungenjalo isisekelo kuzodinga umgwaqo we Curves nangemva ukhonkolo uthele. Ngesikhathi shuttering isiqediwe futhi ukufulela limbozwe polyethylene obukhulu, esivikela kobuso amabhodi. Lungisa ifilimu kumelwe libe ukuphela ubuso amabhodi.

Emva kokuhlela eheleni yokugcizelela ukuthi kumele itholakale ukuqhela phansi, ukulungele lichithwe. Ukuze ususe air Bubbles kusukela isixazululo ungasebenzisa isidlidlizi, ebusweni ukwakhiwa azayo esigabeni sokugcina kuqondiswa futhi ezisele ezomile. Ngezikhathi, udinga ukumanzisa isisekelo.

isiphetho

Uma ungafuni ukuba bahlanganyele ukwakhiwa eyabo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini intengo per imitha square kwesisekelo itheyiphu ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. Umthengi kuyodingeka bakhokhe ruble 4700. ngenani lemali wathi umsebenzi.