Sokuwohloka - liwukuthi imithi? Isibindi, inhliziyo, i-cornea, imisipha

Sokuwohloka - ubulwelwe lapho kwezicubu zomzimba kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa noma ukuqongelela izinto okuyinto azicacile ukuba esimweni esejwayelekile.

Ukulimala amaseli bese imfuyo intercellular kuholela yokuthi isitho onesifo uyeke ukusebenza ngokwanele. Ngesisekelo lesi sifo iziyaluyalu trophic (uchungechunge izinqubo ezinikeza msebenzi obalulekile amaseli).

izimbangela

Lokhu zokugula kunezimbangela eziningi ezahlukene. Kungaba lezinceku umzimba neziyaluyalu, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukucindezeleka futhi ezinkingeni ezingokwengqondo, kwehlisa amasosha omzimba, ukungasebenzi pheshana emathunjini, ukudla okungenamsoco, umthelela ongemuhle izici ezihlukahlukene, chromosomal nezifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.

Akulungile ukuthi sokuwohloka - isifo esithinta ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi kuphela. Ukuthuthukiswa leso sifo kungabangela ngokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside noma ngokweqile ukudla carbohydrate-equkethe ekudleni. Imbangela sokuwohloka azalwa naso Kungenzeka basebancane kakhulu noma, kunalokho, umama osekhulile.

izimpawu

Kuye ohlotsheni nobukhali sifo has degrees ezintathu, izimpawu zesifo esithile.

Izinga lokuqala - isiguli ukwehla kwesisindo emzimbeni futhi imisipha ithoni, izicubu ziphelelwa nokunwebeka, siyabhubha izivikeli mzimba, kungase kube nezinkinga kwesitulo.

degree Okwesibili - ngokumelene isizinda okuqhubekayo kwesisindo iba izacile, inganyamalala ngisho nezicubu ongama, umzimba uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwamavithamini.

Degree Okwesithathu - umzimba Akukho lutho olusele ngokuphelele, umuntu siyabhubha okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume nomsebenzi inhliziyo, encishisiwe izinga lokushisa komzimba nokugeleza kwegazi ingcindezi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlobo sokuwohloka ahambisana izimpawu jikelele: isiguli ujabule kakhulu, wabululaza noma kungekho esesuthi, ubuthongo ephazamisekile, kukhona ubuthakathaka jikelele, kukhona izinguquko isisindo emzimbeni, izinkinga zesisu, encishisiwe amasosha omzimba. Lo muntu akazi ukuthi sokuwohloka izimpawu abadonsi yokukhathala noma ukucindezeleka.

ngezigaba

Esigabeni lesi sifo ngokuvumelana nezimfuno eziningi. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana umsuka zokugula kuyinto azalwa naso futhi wathola, ku nokudlanga inqubo - zendawo noma jikelele, ngokuvumelana exchange ukwephulwa khumbulani ukuhlukanisa amaprotheni, fat, carbohydrate sokuwohloka. Kuye lapho inqubo itholakala, lesi sifo kungase kube yeselula (parenchymal), extracellular (mesenchymal, stromal-semithambo) kanye okuxubile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo engayodwa njengoba ukungondleki gipostatura paratrofiya.

Ukungondleki - ifomu evamile lesi sifo. Kuyinto isegazini futhi kuluthola. Libhekene ukungathembeli esisindo maqondana ukukhula isiguli.

Paratrofii lapho kukhona ngokweqile esisindo, okuyinto ukungondleki kahle futhi umzimba.

Gipostatura obonakaliswe bikho efanayo isisindo kanye ukuphakama ngokuhambisana nemithetho ukuze ube neminyaka ethile ubudala.

sokuwohloka azalwa naso

Lesi simo kuwumphumela iziyaluyalu ngofuzo umzimba amaphrotheni, amafutha noma carbohydrate. Lapho umzimba wengane akusho usathola enzyme, ekuqongeleleni kwenzeka akuyona kugaywe ngokuphelele imikhiqizo umzimba ezicutshini noma izitho. Kungakhathaliseki inqubo kwasendaweni, kukhona njalo umonakalo sezinzwa uhlelo izicubu, okuholela ekufeni.

Kuye indawo lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo lesi sifo:

Cell (parenchymal) okunamafutha ukonakala

Lena inkinga kwenzeka uma iqembu lamaseli ukuthi banesibopho ukusebenza emzimbeni, kukhona ukuphazamiseka umzimba. Phakathi kwezici ezenza abantu ukuthuthukiswa isifo kungenziwa hypoxia, ukutheleleka, ukudakwa (ikakhulukazi utshwala) waphawula, ukungondleki kanye amavithamini.

Isibonelo zokugula ezinjalo kuba ukonakala kwesibindi. It kuzibonakalisa ukungakwazi amaseli isibindi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, okuholela esikhundleni sabo okunamafutha izicubu. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala isifo sokusha.

imiphumela Sinzima unefomu oyingozi futhi ezinobuthi lesi sifo. Isimo sokuqala ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha, umphumela kungenzeka yokwehluleka kwesibindi. Toxic isibindi sokuwohloka kuyimbangela necrosis amaseli ayo.

Sokuwohloka inhliziyo - Nasi esinye isibonelo sokubaluleka yeselula okunamafutha ukonakala. Kulokhu umonakalo esivimba amanzi, umsebenzi walo kahle. Inhliziyo inyuka ngobukhulu, myocardium iba flabby, ophuzi, uvuke emapheshana endocardium ngenxa sebethule engalingani fat. Fatty angakwazi inhliziyo kuwumphumela hypoxia (ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo), izifo eziholela iziyaluyalu umzimba, ukudla okunomsoco.

Amaphrotheni parenchymal ukonakala

It ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana:

- hyaline droplet ukonakala libhekene sokuzuza izinso (ngezinye izikhathi uhlushwa isibindi noma inhliziyo) amaprotheni amaconsi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izifo izinso ezifana myeloma amaningi, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis. Lesi sifo ezifihliwe futhi kuholela nemiphumela engelapheki.

- Lapho hydropic (hydropic) sokuwohloka kwezitho zomzimba (cells isibindi, adrenal, myocardium, isikhumba) kwenzeka cluster amaprotheni ketshezi amaconsi. Nge ngokweqile nabo yeseli kuphakama ibhaluni ukonakala (ikhenela uphoqelekile ukuba azungeze). Kubangele efanayo isimo ikani ukwephula amanzi-usawoti umzimba, hypoproteinemia, edema, zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi intoxications.

- Rogovaya sokuwohloka libhekene kumiswa ketshezi Horny, lapho ngeke kube, noma ukuqongelela ngokweqile lapho kufanele ibe nenani evamile (isikhumba, izinzipho). Liyochukuluza isifo kungase beriberi, isikhumba zamehlo ukuthuthukiswa, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye ukuvuvukala ezingamahlalakhona.

Nail sokuwohloka kungaba umphumela izifo, izifo zesikhumba, eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa emathunjini, endocrine noma isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu zokugula is ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana izifo ezithile amasistimu senhliziyo kwegazi.

Nail sokuwohloka kungaba azalwa naso noma bathenga. Ngesimo azalwa naso lesi sifo kungaba ukungabi oluphelele, thinning kanye ukuqina ipuleti nail. isifo Kutholiwe libhekene lamabutho kancane kancane nail ipuleti, nail sekhefu noma mhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipuleti nail kungenzeka ayizindunduma kakhulu, nge transverse kanye anemifantu longitudinal. Izizathu leso sifo kungase kube eczema, psoriasis, ulele planus, nail ukuhlukumezeka.

Cornea ukonakala has izinhlobo eziningana:

- Hyperkeratosis - ngokweqile yi-keratin esikhumbeni.

- hyperkeratosis azalwa naso kwesikhumba, othiwa ichthyosis. emzimbeni kuzalwa limbozwa isikhumba aminyene ofana amazenga enhlanzi.

- leukoplakia - ubulwelwe lapho mucosal coarsen. Lokhu wadalula wesibeletho, emphinjeni, umlomo, nokunye. D.

Parenchymal carbohydrate sokuwohloka

Kuyinto umphumela ukushintshana glycogen futhi glycoproteins ukuphulwa. Ukwephula glycogen umzimba nobuntu pathologies njengesifo sikashukela noma glycogenosis.

Ngenxa umzimba okhathazekile of glycoproteins kumaseli kubangela ukunqwabelana mucoids futhi mucins (isikhwehlela izidakamizwa). Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-izifo ezifana rhinitis, kolwelwesi, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula nokunye. D.

Extracellular (mesenchymal) sokuwohloka

Kutfutfukisa lizinga kule stroma (based ehlanganisa zezinzwa izicubu) emizimbeni. Kulokhu, inqubo kuhilela yonke imithambo izicubu negazi. Isibonelo kungenzeka sokuwohloka ngwengwzi. Lesi sifo kungaba azalwa naso noma bathenga. Kubantu, kwehle acuity ezibukwayo, kunzima ukuzulazula ebumnyameni. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina lesi sifo ngwengwzi emehlweni lamabutho noma pigmentalnaya sokuwohloka. Ngokuvamile abahilelekile futhi cornea.

sokuwohloka corneal libhekene opacity yayo, kwehle acuity ezibukwayo futhi ukuzwela. Kungenzeka lezinceku noma kuluthola. Isifo siqhubeka ngokushesha, ekuthumbeni kokubili amehlo, ngakho-ke kuba ukuxilongwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izimpawu, okuyinto kufanele sinake - lena ubuhlungu kanye nomzimba angaphandle ukuzwa emehlweni, ububomvu amehlo, amehlo zamanzi, ukwesaba ukukhanya, kwehle umbono.

kuphakama Secondary sokuwohloka corneal ngenxa ukuhlukumezeka. Kungase kube ngenxa amavithamini, idluliselwe izifo collagen, ukufiphala kwamehlo azalwa nako.

sokuwohloka kwemisipha - isimo ukuthi libhekene okuqhubekayo buthakathaka kwezicubu ukonakala. Okuvame kakhulu izinhlobo ezimbili.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Ikakhulu kwenzeka ezinganeni. Kulesi isifo kukhona ithole imisipha ukwanda ngenxa amafutha ekuqongeleleni kanye ekwandeni ezicutshini. Lesi sifo ezinzima kakhulu futhi iye yathuthukiswa ngokushesha, iminyaka engu-12 isiguli ilahlekelwa ikhono ukuhambahamba. Bambalwa abantu abahlala isikhathi eside kunaleso engamashumi amabili.

isifo Steinert sika

Kuvamile kakhulu abadala. Lesi sifo kungenziwa ngofuzo, kubonakala ngasiphi yobudala. Phakathi izimpawu zokuqala kungenzeka myotonia waphawula (emva ukusika imisipha uphumule kancane kakhulu); nobuthakathaka we imisipha yobuso. ukonakala Progressive kwemisipha kancane, kuthinta imisipha bushelelezi futhi imisipha yenhliziyo.

Lapho mesenchymal amaprotheni sokuwohloka kungenteka uhlushwe isibindi, izinso, ubende kanye nezindlala adrenal yomuntu. Abantu abadala baphazamise inhliziyo kanye nobuchopho.

Stromal semithambo okunamafutha ukonakala - lokhu nesenzakalo ubuhlungu ezifakwa nodular ku nemilenze womuntu (isib isifo dercum). Lesi sifo kungaba zendawo jikelele, ukuyithukuthelisa ekuqongeleleni izinto, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwabo.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi mesenchymal carbohydrate sokuwohloka kungaba edema, ukuvuvukala noma ukuthambisa amalunga omzimba, amathambo bese uqwanga yomuntu.

Ukulapha nokuvikela

Emva uhlela uphethwe ngqo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka ngokushesha ukwelapha lesi sifo kuye ngokuthi hlobo yayo futhi zaba namandla kakhulu. Khetha amacebo ukwelashwa kuzosiza uchwepheshe, kodwa yiluphi uhlobo sokuwohloka kudingeke uhlele kahle abagulayo, ukuze aqede zonke izici ezingase avuse ukuxakeka.

Ngalé kokuqhuba ukwelashwa eyisisekelo Kuyadingeka ukugcina umbuso kosuku, futhi unamathele ukudla okuqinile, okuthiwa ashiwo udokotela, kudingeka fresh air, hydrotherapy, umsebenzi.

Ukuze kuvikelwe lo isifo ngoba impilo yabo kufanele ziqashwe ngokucophelela, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze aqede zonke izici ezimbi engabangela ukonakala kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, udle okunengqondo nangokulinganisela, umsebenzi futhi ugweme ukucindezeleka - lokhu kuyoba zokuvimbela engcono akuyona lokhu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izifo eziningi.