Shotcrete: Ubuchwepheshe usebenza kanye nezici

Kule minyaka 100 eminyakeni ukufutha ukhonkolo ubuchwepheshe emisha sekuyinto yakudala futhi isetshenziswa eziningi izimboni ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ukukhiqizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa ukwanda imiqulu ukulungiswa nokwakhiwa usebenza nesithakazelo kule ndlela kunyuke ngokuphawulekayo. Sishaye kuyinto Bokuhlela of usimende noma izixazululo eziphathekako ngokwenza ingcindezi ephoqelela lapho ukuxhumana izinhlayiya unikezwa surface ukulungele yesixazululo. imifantu ekhona futhi ikhule ezimbotsheni encane agcwaliswa ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

ngokusebenzisa isifunda

Isicelo wafutha ukhonkolo namuhla akuve kuvamile. Le nqubo ibizwa esetshenziswa unamathisele edwaleni imisebenzi komhlaba ku izimayini kanye mhubhe. Ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle lobu buchwepheshe kanye nokulungiswa ukhonkolo futhi wasisekela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuqiniswa kanye esikhundleni ezibolile impahla. Shotcrete isetshenziswa ngezinga elithile lapho wenza kubekwa uphawu, njengoba impahla refractory. Wathola non-ayoni, ayoni, amakhemikhali, usimende kanye ingilazi izimboni kwayo abantu abaningi., ngalinye elikwazi lihlotshaniswa ephezulu lokushisa izinqubo. It sisetshenziswa ukunikeza zokuzivikela bafake ukumelana enamathela. Kaningi, le ndlela isetshenziswa ukudala izinto kwenjongo kwezobuciko. Le nqubo isetshenziswa lokukhuphula ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa phansi emhlabathini. Lokhu kusebenza amadivayisi isitoreji futhi imigodi, kanjalo nokuqinisa emithambekeni usakhiwa kokuhlangana komgwaqo futhi amabhuloho.

Izici eziyinhloko ubuchwepheshe

Lapho isicelo shotcrete, ubuchwepheshe libhekene ezicini ezithile, phakathi kwawo - kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukwakheka phezu engalingani kanye isisekelo, etholakala zonke izindiza. Lokhu kungenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhiwo ingcina ingxube nekhono layo ukuzisekela. Nabryzg ekhiqizwa ngomfutho ophakeme nesivinini, okuyinto livumela adhesion kakhulu kuwo izinto zokwakha. Lapho ibhayisikobho isiphelile, imali onomfutho ngokuzimela. I ukushuba ebusweni kungaba usathola, ukuthi kuzoya izimo nezinkinga ezithile. Ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi ephelezelwa ukuqinisa, ezihilela ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisa wendabuko noma Imicu yotshani ekhethekile. Ubuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha kwakha takhiwo asekelayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa formwork futhi aqede nezikhathi sokulinda eside.

Izinhlobonhlobo shotcrete ubuchwepheshe

Shotcrete singasetshenziswa ngetindlela letehlukene: a ezimanzi noma ezomile. Esimweni sokuqala, umlomo wombhobho spray sidla ngesimo ukhonkolo ngomumo ukuxubana. Lokhu sezivuma ngepayipi ekhethekile. Ukwakheka kuyinto ngesimo ukusakaza okuqhubekayo. Isebenzisa emoyeni mncane , netintfo longatibona. Njengoba inzuzo yaleli su ukuthi kungenzeka usebenzisa Ukwakheka iyunifomu, a dusting okuncane, ukunciphisa Rebound impahla kanye nekhono ukuqedela ingxube grout emva isicelo. Le mali ezosala isho okuholela ingasetshenziswa omunye umsebenzi wokwakha. Indlela ezimanzi yokusebenzisa ukhonkolo wafutha zingaba e izindawo wayiswa.

Nemibi sebethule ezimanzi

Shotcrete singasetshenziswa nge indlela ezimanzi, kodwa nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezithile, obonakaliswe ongaphakeme isixazululo ukugeleza rate ukuthi akuhambisani esiphezulu design kwabantu. I ukushuba we ungqimba isicelo lilinganiselwe futhi ingeqi 3 amasentimitha ngamunye indlela. Sesondlo shotcrete umshini uma isetshenziswa indlela ezimanzi, sokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi nakanjani ukhonkolo endaweni ukukhiqizwa, bese usebenzisa izinto ezinemikhono emide akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kukhawulela maneuverability.

Izici shotcrete ezomile

Ukusebenzisa ukhonkolo wafutha zingaba ngumuntu ubuchwepheshe ezomile, futhi enikeza lokondla ingxube nge fillers ngoba amanzi behlukile hose. Uma lokhu kuhlangana senzeka ngokuqondile nebulizer. Ukucabangela izinzuzo, wukuhlinzeka kungenzeka ukubunjwa elide kanye ukwanda ukugeleza izinga nodaka. Interlayer adhesion futhi adhesion nge ebusweni lokuqala ungqimba inyuka, kungashiwo mayelana nokusebenza, kodwa ungqimba isicelo angase abe ukushuba kuze kube amamilimitha angu-60. Uma usebenzisa le ndlela, base ngeke kudingeke i primer ezengeziwe, imishini engabondli abakubo isidingo okugeza kuwo. Kungaba ngokwanele ukushaya ngayo umoya onomfutho.

Okumbi indlela eyomile

Endaweni amasu isicelo usebenzisa shotcreting ezomile izomaka ukungcola anda nothuli. Abasebenzi kufanele ube neziqu ezifanele. Isilinganiso amanzi ingxube dry kufanele kushintshwe sibukeze phakathi kwenqubo enamathela.

Ukwakheka ukhonkolo

Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa shotcrete, ingxube Kunconywa ukuhlola. Ukulungisa ukusetshenziswa usimende kanye isihlabathi isilinganiso 1: 3 noma 1: 4, zonke kuzoncika nezidingo zokusebenza umklamo. Esimweni sokuqala, ebusweni kuyoba ngokuphelele ukubhekana kangcono nale mechanical yesibili - ne sezulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulungiselele isamba okunjalo ingxube, okuyinto uzokwazi ukusebenza ngo 3 amahora, kungenjalo ngeke balling, usimende ilahlekelwa izinga asebenzayo.

Uma ufuna ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuze izithako ngenhla kufanele wanezela plasticizers, okuyinto pre-buhlanjululwe ngamanzi. Uma kunesidingo, kulungiselelwa ingxube dry wanezela in ifomu powder. Imfucumfucu ekhiqizwa phakathi Rebound indaba, akumele zisetshenziswe ikhambi kuhlangana yesibili.

izithako engeziwe

Ezinye izinkampani ngezinye izikhathi athuthukile izithasiselo for shotcrete. I-patent uma kukhona okusunguliwe, noma kunalokho isicelo ke, kulesi simo, kufanele uhambise. Kuphela uma ngabe imikhiqizo lingathengiswa. Njengoba isibonelo, icubungule isicelo patent ka RF №2543233, lapho ingxube kulekelelwa nge izithasiselo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho, ngo-omunye wabo njengoba ingxenye asizayo ukhonza hydrofluoric acid. Kodwa oyinhloko isimame ezimbili ingxenye - sodium aluminate. izingxenye esidi - wali band acid nemikhiqizo. Kulokhu esinyathelweni sokuqala amanzi eliwu lokushisa 60 kuya 110, futhi ngemva kokuba busuka sulfate aluminium futhi hydrofluoric acid, diethanolamine futhi esidi isimame ingxenye. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo ingxenye eyinhloko yethulwa.

Ukwakheka "Zeke" ukhonkolo wafutha

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi indlela yokwakheka inkampani shotcrete "Sika", kufanele bajwayelane nezici ingxube. Ngakho, ingasetshenziswa ebusika, owabekwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba izithasiselo akhethekile Izithako modulating. Ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezahlukene, umklami usebenzisa iresiphi ezithile. Ukuze usimende nesihlabathi stabilizers angase engezwe olinganise ngenhla ezithuthukisa ukuzinza segregational ingxube. Kwesinye isikhathi accelerators ukuxuba ukusebenzisa isilunguselelo futhi eyenza lukhuni, kanye inhibitor kanye izithasiselo ngesisekelo microsilica. Owokugcina lezi izithako kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla futhi impermeability. Shotcrete, ogama isivakashi kumele kuhambisane abizwa ezilandelayo: 26633, libhekene ukusebenza oluvelele.

ukulungiselela ebusweni

Ngaphambi eyinhloko ungqimba isisindo sisetshenziswa, base ivikelwe hydraulically ngu sandblasting. Ebusweni kufanele ahlale uyaxebuka ubudala upende, usimende, ukhonkolo, ukungcola, udaka noma uthuli. Uma kukhona ukuqinisa, kuyoba kuhlanzwe ukugqwala. Ukuze uthuthukise adhesion ukhonkolo amaqabunga roughened. Ukuze ulawule indlela yokwakheka ukusatshalaliswa umfaniswano kobuso izikibha ezifakiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi ungqimba elilandelayo sigcizelelwa le njongo 100-mm anezikhala, futhi uma usayizi cell lincane, kuyoba emanzini ungqimba wokuqala. Ebusweni uzilungiselele kufanele kuzohanjiswa nge umoya onomfutho futhi siyakazwe ngamanzi.

shotcrete ubuchwepheshe

Uma unqume bebodwa ukwenza umsebenzi ochazwe, ungase ube nentshisekelo inani shotcrete, okuyinto 2400 kg 1 imitha cubic. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe lapho kubalwa ukushuba we ungqimba olandelayo. Ibanga phakathi umlomo wombhobho kanye ebusweni ngeke kungithinte inani material okuxekethile. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ibanga elilodwa noma amabili amamitha kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango. Uma unciphisa ke, kuzobangela izindleko ezinkulu, kanye kancane ukubekwa uphawu ungqimba. Uma Nokho, idlule sibalo ngenhla, luthi alufane Kuyothukululwa.

I-shotcrete izithasiselo nombolo ayisetshenziselwa, kodwa amanzi angeke enqabe nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kumele wanezela endaweni isilinganiso esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthola amandla ka 26.4 MPA Kwakuzodingeka zilandwe kwamanye engeza usimende namanzi endaweni isilinganiso 0.35. Uma ufuna ukunciphisa amandla afika ku 22.1, inani kumele ibukeke 0.5. Esimweni sokuqala, iphesenti Rebound kwaba 19.1; ngenkathi yesibili - 11.2. Optimum amanzi usimende isilinganiso ilingana kumkhawulo 0.4. Isicelo ngokhonkolo wafutha ikhiqizwa izingqimba, ukushuba okungenani ngamunye wabo kufanele kube mayelana 6 kwangu. Lapho isetshenziswa ukhonkolo sishaye umlomo wombhobho usimende-isibhamu kufanele kusishukumisele endleleni Helical. Orient kumele kube engela ilungelo ebusweni. Shintsha engela kungaba kancane, ukuzama ugcwalise ezijulile igobolondo noma armature isikhala.

izeluleko kongoti sika

ugqinsi ngalunye kumele yakhiwe ahlukene emapheshana ovundlile obude m. Layering strip on nomunye kufanele kube-20 amasentimitha. Uma kuhloswe ukusebenzisa isixazululo kucace ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izithasiselo, ungqimba yesibili kufanele zisetshenziswe emahoreni amabili ngemuva owokuqala.