Sergei Yutkevich: isithombe, umndeni, kanye biography

umlingisi odumile Soviet, umqondisi, umbhali, sibalo waseshashalazini futhi ifilimu umhlaziyi Sergei Yutkevich weza ezweni yobuciko abasebancane kakhulu, ungase uthi, ingane, futhi wahlala kuwo kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina kakhulu konke ukuphila kwakhe futhi zizale. indlela Creative lo muntu akubanga lula futhi abushelelezi, kodwa akazange ujike endleleni ekhethiwe kanye.

Njengoba sekuzoqala umsebenzi wokudala

Yutkevich ozalwa Sergei I. Petersburg ngo-1904 (amabili nesishiyagalombili ka-December). Ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa waqala ukuphila akhe okudala. Russia Wahlushwa yimpi yombango, kodwa elihlanyiswa iphupho career oyibamba, ibhungu ngizinake okwenzekayo kuleli zwe futhi ngenkani waya umgomo wakhe.

Lo mlingisi abasha, umculi, umqondisi umsizi okuthiwa Sergei Yutkevich Sevastopol futhi Kiev ngokufanelekile kungenziwa ngokuthi "chick" yakhe - emva wonke amatiyetha komuzi "fledge" inkanyezi ezingaba, lokhu lapho Umculi Ngokuzayo Yabantu zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wathola isipiliyoni kuqala okusebenzayo kanye ayalolongwa amakhono akhe .

Kodwa umkhuba umkhuba, futhi ngaphandle imfundo engakwazi ukuya kude, futhi intsha amagugu is bawuqonda. Ngo-1921, nesikhombisa Sergei Yutkevich engena Theatre kanye Ubuciko Faculty Art amaWorkshops, okuyinto uphela ngo-1923. esifanayo izinsuku inkathi kusukela izifundo zakhe e-workshop State Ephakeme beziqondisa, lwentiwe by Vsevolod Meyerhold.

art wamavukelambuso

Isikhathi ngoba eyawela Sergei Yutkevich izinyathelo kuqala ubuciko, libhekene yezinguquko ezineziyaluyalu empilweni wezwe. Russia savalelisa bonke ubudala bakha ugqozi olusha. Ngokwemvelo, kwemizwa wamavukelambuso abathintekayo naphakathi umlingisi sika.

Ngo-1922 Yutkevich S. futhi G. Kozintsev ngosizo L. futhi G. Trauberg Kryzhitsky wakhipha Manifesto ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "eyinqaba" ephezulu ukuzwakala, elaba isisekelo theory FEKS (Factory of actor Eccentric). Umgomo abalobi Manifesto kwaba ukudala entsha ngokuphelele, ubuciko wamavukelambuso, ukuthi babeyaphi ukunikeza wonke, ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene: esiteji, isekisi, yaseshashalazini kanye nenkulumo-ze umsebenzi. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa emisha lapho kwakudingeka kanye isimo abasha Soviet.

Eminyakeni emibili ngemva isitatimende elikhulu Sergey Yutkevich wathutha emazwini esenzweni bakhiqiza ifilimu ethi "Nikeza umsakazo!", Esitshela ngokuphila izingane emgwaqweni inhlokodolobha sika. Kulesi ahlekisayo ome njengeqanda iqondiswe ngokuzama Ihlanganisa umbono yokuhlanganisa izinhlobo. Labavoti uthathe isithombe ngomdlandla.

Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, i zokuhlola Yutkevich kinokollektiv futhi waba umholi walo. Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa letisha art uqhubeke.

"Lenfilm"

Ngo-1928 Yutkevich-umqondisi uqala "ikhule ibe" ogunyaziwe, futhi wamiswa inhloko yalawa kinomasterskoy lokuqala "Lenfilm".

Njengoba base bethole okuthunyelwe okubalulekile ezifana, uSergei I. uzama ngangokunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele imibono yabo creative, kodwa kukhona kwaba. likahulumeni waseSoviet kwakudingeka emafilimini ezifundweni ezithile, nabaqondisi akazange alinge uvala indlela eqondile sezenhlalo kanye nokuqalisa amanye imibono yabo.

Ekuqaleni Yutkevich basazama ngandlela-thile sihlanganise ucwaningo yakhe ukuhleleka emphakathini ( 'Black Span "," uleyisi "), kodwa isikhathi eside kwaba akwanele. Ama-movie "Counter", "Izintaba Golden", njalo njalo. E., Taken ngaphansi kobuholi umqondisi abasha kamuva okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kakade benamandla imibono ngokusebenzisa.

Ngenxa yamandla

Ngezikhathi ezithile Sergei Yutkevich ayikhiphi umzamo ukubaleka cell. Esinye salezo kungenziwa ngokuthi documentary "Ankara - Turkey inhliziyo", lapho impahla okuthembekile oluyiqiniso ngendlela kuhlangene i lwendaba yasekuqaleni. Lokhu experiment yaphumelela Yutkevich.

Kodwa maphakathi nawo-namathathu banesifo esibi nge kwenkululeko kwadingeka ukubophela - kakhulu ukukhathazeka kwaba isikhathi. Kusukela ngonyaka mayelana amathathu nane Sergei I. kususa kuphela yini, ngakho kufanele basuswe. Uyakuqonda ukuthi igceke kuwufanele isikhathi, ngempela okungalungile nokucwaninga zokudala.

Imidwebo "Abavukuzi," "Umuntu Gun", "Yakov Sverdlov" nokunye. E., Engxenyeni namathathu banesifo esibi yesibili, ezinconywe baxgeki ngisho ukhishwa imiklomelo isimo. Kodwa ukubaluleka bokubeka a cishe emelelwa. Central zale kwaba imibono yamaSoviet.

By endleleni, ngo ifilimu "Umuntu Gun" Yutkevich lokuqala wathinta Lenin indaba ephathwayo, kamuva elaba omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe esikhathini esizayo.

Wayo yonke imisebenzi

Yutkevich Sergei imakwe emhlabeni art hhayi nje njengomuntu filmmaker. Wazibonakalisa njengomphathi yimpumelelo, okuholela studio "Soyuzdetfilm" umfundisi othile onegunya, ngesasasa art umhlaziyi, umhlaziyi futhi abanamakhono ngakho. E., Ngokuvamile esebenza kuzo zonke lezi guises kanyekanye. Waze ithuba ukusebenza umqondisi Iculo futhi Dance Ensemble Wezangaphakathi eKomidi Yabantu 1939 kuya ku-1946.

Ngokuvamile, i-pre-impi futhi impi iminyaka zaziphawuleka ngoba Yutkevich unentshiseko umsebenzi wokudala. Waze ephethwe ukudubula "ngale" namafilimu eziningana, kuhlanganise, ngokwesibonelo, comedy "I-New Adventures Schweik." Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuncipha womculo isanda ubuthaphuthaphu. La bafundi, abaneminyaka lucky ngokwanele ukufunda e workshop umqondisi sika VGIK Sergei Iosifovich, wakhumbula ukuthi uthisha wabo njalo endaweni ethile elahlekile: ukuthi ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula eFrance, ezinye emkhosini, ku "Mosfilm". Futhi uma kukhona: nenhle, elimnandi - abafundi abakwazanga ukuthatha amehlo akhe kuyo. Sergei Yutkevich, isithombe okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, njalo waba, ukubukeka elikhanyayo emnandi. Abaphila Besikhathi wamchaza ngokuthi indoda obugagu, mnandi futhi kujabulise.

black umugqa

Kodwa ngemva kwempi ngoba Yutkevich kuqalile umugqa omnyama. Engxenyeni yesibili ye forties - computer mhlawumbe kuyingxenye inkathi eyayinzima kunazo zonke empilweni ifilimu-abenzi, futhi baqala nomunye umsebenzi sihloko esithandayo (mayelana Ilyich).

Kuyinto lithathelwe play Pogodin "I ezibiyele Chime", okumele sezifakiwe ukusatshalaliswa, ngokuthi "Ukukhanya of Russia".

Emuva kokuchitha "yokunambitha" ka esithombeni, ubuholi beqembu wanquma ukuthi umfanekiso Lenin phendla enkulu ngokwanele, futhi umlobi waba ngaphansi ithala ukugxekwa. Yutkevich ngakhumbula konke, futhi kuqala kunazo zonke ucwaningo yayo eyandulela impi. Umqondisi usolwa ngokunukubeza cosmopolitanism, e kowtowing eMelika nabenzi bamabhayisikobho waso, owayebizwa ngokuthi u esthete futhi formalist.

Ngezinye wamashumi amane lesificamunwemunye Sergei I. Ngangineminyaka waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye i-University futhi Institute Wezobuciko isikhashana ukuba ngithuthe ukuqondisa.

Buyela futhi kunqobe

Ngo-1952 Yutkevich kwenza umzamo ukubuyela emhlabeni cinema, kokukhipha ifilimu ikude ezombusazwe, "Przewalski" kufakazelwa umlando wokuphila wamazwe odumile. Kodwa ekugcineni ibuyiselwe ku "engeza" umqondisi ophethe kuphela ngemva kokufa kukaStalin. Futhi kusukela maphakathi nawo-zamashumi amahlanu ukuphila kwakhe futhi egcwele lokusungula nokubonwa kazwelonke.

Le filimu "Omkhulu Warrior Albania Scanderbeg" wathola umklomelo ku Cannes. Ungakhohlwa ngenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye womculo. Wabuyela University futhi njalo ejabulisa izilaleli nge imikhiqizo yabo entsha. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi minyaka eyishumi ezayo, "ngepeni yakhe" uyaphuma ukuze mayelana amathathu ukusebenza. Ecwebezelayo iningi lalezi baxgeki abaye balibiza ngokuthi play "okugeza", "Ukulungiswa", "Ukudlondlobala Arturo Ui" nokunye. D.

Yutkevich ngenkuthalo luhamba phesheya, ngemfudumalo wakhe wathola eFrance, owethulwa amajaji we Cannes Film Festival, ngisho ukunikeza okuthunyelwe ka iphini likamengameli we Cinematics kazwelonke.

Kanye-French Sergei I. kususa ifilimu "Isihloko okwesikhathi Indaba iDemo" ngokuphila laseChekhov. Painting zithandwa kakhulu ababukeli European eSoviet Union kwakungathandeki.

Lenin

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, omunye izindikimba main ngemisebenzi Sergei Yutkevich kwaba uVladimir Ilyich Lenin. Kwakunzima ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi umqondisi waphinda isikhalazo kulo muntu kuqediwe ukupendwa "Ukukhanya of Russia", okuyinto bamlethela nenkathazo engako. Noma kunjalo Yutkevich kususa ifilimu "Iindatjana ezimayelana Lenin". Kule nkulumo wachaza ukuthi empeleni yakha esisekelweni Ilyich St, kahle, noma okungenani umuntu othembeke kunabo bonke, uhlobo nokwethembeka emhlabeni.

Omunye umsebenzi anikezelwe umholi lwesigaba sabasebenzi, kwaba Umdwebo "Lenin ePoland", lithathelwe ifilimu ngo-1965. Weza Yutkevich impumelelo enkulu futhi ngomqondo ovulekile omunye the best eqoqweni lakhe. Lapha, inkosi ekugcineni uphatha ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele eside yayo isifiso sokuba zokucwaninga. Le filimu won Cannes Film Festival, kanye Prize State of the USSR.

Futhi esinye isithombe sisusiwe Yutkevich mayelana Ilyich. Ibizwa ngokuthi "Lenin Paris", idethi - 1981. Ingahle ibizwe wokugcina umsebenzi abalulekile Sergey Iosifovich. Le filimu balamukele Prize State zase-USSR, kodwa a baxgeki ukuyibiza, uma sikubeka kahle, akuphumelelanga futhi akukholisi ngokuya ukubaluleka kwezobuciko.

Ngezinye entanjeni

Sergei Yutkevich owaqala umsebenzi ingane, akazange ahambe naye kuze izinsuku zakhe zokugcina. Ngonyaka ayisishiyagalombili yesibili, uye wasebenza YaseMoscow Umculo Chamber Theatre, lapho okuhleliwe kudlala u-Alexander Blok "Isihambi" futhi "Puppet Bonisa". Ngaphezu kwalokho, Maestro aqhubeka "sculpt" amafulemu ezweni yaseshashalazini kanye cinema at VGIK, wabhala izincwadi, futhi ngisho usuhlele "Kinoslovar".

Sergei Yutkevich Umkhaya

Sergey Iosifovich Yutkevich wayeshade yobudala bakhe efanayo - dancer ballet Elena Ilyushchenko. Lo mshado wayengomunye bakhe kuphela. Lo mbhangqwana bathandana futhi sakwazi ukugcina imizwa yabo Esegugile.

Uma sikhuluma ngalokho wayeziqhenya kule impilo Sergey Yutkevich, indodakazi noMarianne ngempela kudingeka sikhumbule. Ngemva waya ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi izuzwe emkhakheni wakhe eziphakeme eside. Marianne Yutkevich (Shaternikova) waba umhlaziyi ifilimu, wahlanganyela wokushumayela nokufundisa, wawufunda umlando wabantu ebhayisikobho.

Ngonyaka ninetieth Yutkevich indodakazi kwesokunxele USSR, bethuthele e-United States. Ngaleso sikhathi, abazali bakhe akasaphili.

Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR Yutkevich wafa amabili nantathu-April 1985. umlotha wakhe womlimi Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow. Elena ngasinda umyeni wakhe iminyaka emibili, washona ngo-1987.