Septimius Bassianus Caracalla. Izindlu zangasese ka Caracalla uMbusi: isithombe, umlando, kabusha, kanjani lapho?

I agugile esakhiweni esidala, esitholakala e-dolobha yase-Italy, kanye eyaziwa ngokuthi isimangaliso sesishiyagalombili somhlaba. Okwenziwe umuntu somlando futhi manje ikhombisa ubukhulu yombuso wasendulo, ekubeni esigabeni zomhlaba opera adumile aseRoma.

Izindlu zangasese ka Caracalla: Umlando

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhuluma mayelana omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka Lomuzi Waphakade, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi imigomo enjalo. Uhlale BC abakhileyo eRoma lasendulo kwadingeka ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngamanzi. Ngakho ngokuvamile kwaphakama umbuzo mayelana nokwakhiwa imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo okuyinto uwukhululile amanzi anikeza ukuphila ukuze edolobheni phambi kwezikhulu. umthombo ngasinye esisha noma amanzi aba umcimbi ngempela ngaleso sikhathi.

Kancane kancane waqala ukuvela okugeza lokuqala, ukufinyelela ku owawungumnyaka Roma abacebile yizicukuthwane kuphela. Singasho ukuthi ubhukuda zokugeza esadlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi, kuba uhlobo lolwazi lolungakahleleki kulabo amandla. Osaziwayo musa nje ukugeza, futhi saxoxa ngezinto ezikhathaza ezivamile. Ama-sauna ukunikela hhayi kuphela emzimbeni ukugeza amasevisi, futhi kufakwe isakhiwo kwamasiko, kuhlanganise zemidlalo, umtapo, izindawo for yaseshashalazini imikhiqizo. Ngakho inqubo ukugeza yaphenduka ubumnandi yobuhle akhethekile.

Inxanxathela wokuhlamba nokuzijabulisa

Ngokwemvelo, zokugeza kwakunganele, futhi 3rd AD leminyaka, lo mbuzo uxaka lo mbusi Caracalla. Izindlu zangasese, elakhiwa ngo-yeRoma wayaleza, kuyinto ezokungcebeleka eziyinkimbinkimbi omkhulu, okuyinto akalingani. Ukwakhiwa ngezabelo ezinkulu lingahlala abantu 1,500, lakhiwa iminyaka 11. Yakhiwe endaweni eziphambili nokuzwa ERoma omkhulukazi zihlanganise izindawo eziningana ukuze ukubhukuda kanye nokungcebeleka.

Akwaziwa Umlobi womlando irekhodi Spartian eye washiya eziyinkimbinkimbi okungavamile usayizi idolobha uMbusi Caracalla. Terme ngempela kusimangaze lingakanani kanye umhlobiso ocebile emhlabeni wonke. izindonga High zazakhiwe amatshe nesihlabathi, amatshe wathela usimende, olungaphambili lwesonto ehlotshisiwe zemabula slabs - kusukela umphumela etibonwa brittleness isakhiwo enhle wangaphakathi isimanga inqaba eziyinkimbinkimbi iyonke.

Architecture izakhiwo

Ahlanganise indawo engaba 11 amahektha kombusi Caracalla Baths kuyinto isakhiwo giant nge amazing ubuhle uzimele. Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ke esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe park olunothile nge izinsika omkhulu. Inani elikhulu kwezakhiwo Yakha eziyinkimbinkimbi afanako, njengoba bonke imihubhe zakhiwa ekhethekile, indlela lwalugobile ukuvimbela ukushisa ukukhululwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukhona inkundla yemidlalo, okwakukhona imincintiswano ehlukile, ezinye has a umtapo, eyakhelwe ngqo Roma nesithukuthezi. Ngakho I yayala lo mbusi Caracalla. Izindlu zangasese kanye kufakwe 64 amakamelo ngezinqola zempi ezinkulu sondliwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile esentabeni iziphethu umsele. Ngemva ukugeza Roma kule ndawo namabhati epaki yokuphumula e Gazebo cool ngaphandle.

Isakhiwo eside eziyinkimbinkimbi

Wonderful nomsayipuresi alley kwaholela emnyango eziyinkimbinkimbi ukugeza. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu, eyasebenza njengodonga esikhundleni ukubhukuda, ihlukaniswe yaba amagumbi ambalwa.

Ihholo elikhulu, ekhanyiswa ukukhanya esithambile segolide ngenxa ifakwe amafasitela esobala amapuleti beige wamangaza ukuphakama Amazing lwaleli, okwakungathi chaza ezinto elokhu enyuke njalo izindonga ezenziwe ngemabula. Futhi ngembobo isakhiwo Dome ngaphakathi ithole emini. Okunethezeka umhlobiso yayimangaza: Igumbi ehlotshiswe ukubaza eziningi, futhi phansi ukuthi kwavula nge yamatshe ezimibalabala esibonisa izigcawu themes basezinganekwaneni.

Hot okugeza (caldarium) kwaba Rotunda ne amahholo ukuphumula emva kokwelashwa kwamanzi. Yonke ipherimitha ayenendawo niches ezincane lapho kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ageze wedwa - prototype we zangasese.

A ngamanzi afudumele (tepidarium) wamangaza phansi KaMose, lapho uMbusi waseRoma izibalo abasubathi kwakuklele. Ngakwesokudla futhi kwesokunxele isakhiwo amakamelo okudlela ngenxa yokuzivocavoca.

I okugeza abandayo (frigidarium) evumelekile Roma sikhanyise kuphole in indishi omkhulu.

Ukuvinjelwa inhlanzeko

Yakhelwe ngokuqinile uyabulawa eside ithathwa njengendlela yokwakha esiyingqayizivele, kodwa ngemva kokuwa enkulu yoMbuso WaseRoma, elamiswa phakathi nokubusa kombusi ngegama Caracalla zokugeza yawela labhidlika. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi indima esemqoka e lokulibala inhlanzeko kudlalwa ubuKristu washunyayelwa akalutho uma eqhathaniswa umzimba nangobukhulu umphefumulo. Kukholakala ukuthi izona umswakama away amanzi angcwele, lapho bacwilisa umuntu lapho ebhapathizwa, futhi abefundisi neyaziwayo geza esonweni, ukuvimbela nentuthuko engokomoya okugeza, futhi zonke izakhiwo babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli njengoba eside yobuqaba.

Tames abashumayeli inyama awuzange uhlanze, wonke zezindela zangasese waba uphawu uju ngokwedlulele, okuyinto lingenandawo sikhungo ezingokomoya. Ukungcola ukuthi ohlonishwa njengomholi omunye izimfanelo ezinhle zobuKristu, futhi manje ngisho ukwazi izindaba ezishaqisayo owesilisa izintwala yesimanje, awubona ngokucacile njengophawu yobungcwele. Umphumela waba kubhubhane ezahlukene esasivunguza phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu futhi kwabulala izigidi zabantu.

Nezwe odumile izivakashi

Ekhulwini XVI ku amanxiwa kanye velichiestvennyh okugeza izakhiwo sezenziwe abavubukuli ngenhloso ukuhlobisa esigodlweni uPapa ukwakhiwa impahla osale kwethemu. Kwathi wathola imisebenzi emangalisayo yobuciko, kule ndawo wanikezwa isimo lesikhumbuzo kwamasiko wendawo.

Kuphela ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, i-Baths of Caracalla, amanxiwa isithombe okwenza inkumbulo umxhwele ngobukhulu esidlule waseRoma, izivakashi baqala njengenkondlo ebonisa Italy izihambeli ezibuka indawo. Amanxiwa Enkulukazi avulekele izivakashi nsuku zonke, futhi esikhathini sethu, zozela zonke, wagcwala indlu opera. okugeza Owabe efudumele iguqulwe ibe ihholo enkulu cishe izinkulungwane 20 izibukeli. Umkhankaso ngo-1937, inkathi opera uyaqhubeka namuhla, futhi uma kwenzeka edume kakhulu kwaba ukusebenza e alawo machibi aseRoma ka tenors ezintathu wonke amazwe omhlaba - Domingo, Carreras futhi Pavarotti.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha umculi Russian

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX eRoma yathunyelwa kusuka Russia Sergey Ivanov ukubuyisela ukubukeka yezakhiwo izakhiwo omkhulukazi. Abazikhandlayo insizwa akuzange kumesabise ngisho khona ukuvukela, futhi aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo. Ngokushesha ngo-Italian indaba enyatheliswe Ivanov, ukufunda ngokuningiliziwe Baths of Caracalla. Ukwakhiwa kabusha, okuyinto wethulwe yi umculi isiRashiya, lalinabafundi imidwebo 43, okubonisa ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi wokwakha, kanye amakamelo akulesi sigaba.

Akazange babegcina nje yakhiqizwa zonke imihlobiso eziyinkimbinkimbi grand, kodwa futhi namakamelo ngamanzi ashisayo nabandayo, zokushintshela, ukuzivocavoca kanye nezinye izingxenye isakhiwo main. umsebenzi Russian usosayensi sika ibalulekile kubo bonke abacwaningi yezincithakalo zasendulo, kusikisela okunethezeka giant izakhiwo yasebukhosini.

Izindlu zangasese ka Caracalla: kanjani lapho?

Ukuze ngifike kuleyo ndlu opera, ngubani manje endaweni okugeza eziyinkimbinkimbi, kungaba on the esitimeleni noma Shuttle. ikheli Ithemu, etholakala maphakathi nenhloko-dolobha wase-Italy, njengoba kulandela: Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 52. yokungena emanxiweni-euro ambalwa, kodwa ekuvakasheni opera kuyodingeka ekuphambukeni, ngoba izindleko kuzoncika isimo umculi. Kodwa izinga ubuhle umbukwane okungavamile, ezenzeka endaweni evulekile ebusuku, kuwufanele ngempela.

Isakhiwo lasendulo, naphezu isimo wonakele kuyinto isithakazelo esiqotho izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe bencoma igalelo eRoma sidilizwa. UMbusi elalizokwakhiwa e izinsuku enegama sonorous ka Caracalla Baths kukhona bemibuso emangalisayo futhi ngezinga wabo bonke abakhulisa uthinte Ucezwana simangalele yezakhiwo.