Robert Browning: Biography nesithombe

Robert Browning - odumile waseBrithani wemidlalo, owaphila ekhulwini XIX. Uyise ngakhonza ebhange. Ngisho nangesikhathi beseyizingane, Robert kancane nesithakazelo esijulile izinkondlo romantic. Wayehamba kakhulu, ngisho wavakashela eRussia ngo-1833.

zothando imbongi

Robert Browning wazalelwa eLondon ngo 1812, lapho phakathi babe izimpi kaNapoleon. Naphezu ukuthi abazali Nginakile omkhulu ngemfundo indodana yakhe. Sitatimende seKharikhulamu izifundo yena yingcweti ekhaya.

Futhi indima enkulu yakhe self-imfundo nentuthuko njengoba umuntu kudlalwa uhambo eziningi. Ngemva kwalokho, wababiza amandla akhe, futhi Italy nazo zonke libhekwe njengelingcwele Oxford yakhe.

Thanda yizinsizwa eziningi yesizukulwane sakhe, ebusheni bakhe waba nesithakazelo umsebenzi romance main British - Byron, emsebenzini wakhe balandela izimiso zakhe romantic.

Amavesi lokuqala

Ubaba wayefuna indodana yakhe wahlanganyela eminye imisebenzi olungokoqobo, ngokwesibonelo, lilandele ezinyathelweni zakhe ukusebenza ebhange. Kodwa uRobert waba omunye umbono. Ngisho e ngineminyaka engu-16, naye wabanjwa imisebenzi romantic ka uShelley kanye Keats. Wavuma sakhe, izinkondlo zabo bambeka imbongi.

Ezinkondlweni zakhe ekuseni ka Robert Browning ilingisa ngokucacile Byron. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-the ballad "Ukufa uHarold." Ngenxa yalokho, wazinikela ngokuphelele ukuba umsebenzi imbongi sika.

Ngo-1831 wakhipha umqulu inkondlo yakhe yokuqala, enesihloko esithi "UPauline". Kuyinto pantheism kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile uShelley, imfundiso zefilosofi ehlonza emhlabeni noNkulunkulu, futhi Ukuthanda lwakhe kobuHellenism. Ucezu lokuqala Browning kwaba buthaka kakhulu, kodwa a baxgeki wayebhe- kahle. кружок, в котором в то время уже состояли Диккенс, Вордсворт и многие другие. impendulo sabo esihle kanye nokubuyekeza baye wavula indlela yokuba naye ohlonishwa British umbuthano tetemibhalo, ngaleso sikhathi kakade Yayinesikhwanyana Dickens, Wordsworth nabanye abaningi.

Okuhambayo eYurophu

Robert Browning luhamba. Ngo-1833, eneminyaka engu-21, waya Russia. Lapha yena wabhala inkondlo "Ivan".

Into elandelayo ohambweni lwakhe lokuya e-Italy ivela. Lapha ekhululeka yakhe, mhlawumbe, okungcono idrama lyric "Pippa sihamba," kanye into yakhe Ayindida kakhulu futhi engaqondakali, "Sordello".

Ukubuyela lakubo, Browning enquma ukuyeka ukuphila e-London esivuna ukuthula futhi izikhathi zokuba sodwa. Ehlathini eqeda Dulvichskom idrama engaqondakali "Sordello" nezinye udlala - "Paracelsus" futhi "Strafford". Popular ziveza ngokushesha, kodwa impumelelo kancane.

Umshado Browning

37 Ngo ngakho unquma lomshado. Ngo 1849 waba oshadile Robert Browning yomlando wakhe manje elihlobene ne-Imbongi eyiNgisi Elisavetoy Barret.

unkosikazi Browning kwakungu intombazane bexhwalile ngubani kabi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu elibuhlungu British. Ngakho-ke, lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka uthuthele endaweni ekahle ukuze siphile - Florence libalele. Kube baphila iminyaka engaba ngu-10, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuvakashela London lwakubo. Kodwa ukuqeda kuhlulekile Elizabeth izifo ngo-1861 washona.

Umshado wajabula, Robert Browning, tinkondlo imbongi sika kwalesi sikhathi - isiqinisekiso ecacile. Encwadini yakhe ethi kuza ngokusebenzisa isimo ukuthula nobunye ezingokomoya. Esikhathini esiningi bachitha nomkakhe villa wakhe e Florence, okuyinto njalo uthatha eziningi abangane - abalobi nobuntu zokudala. Izivakashi uqaphele ukuthi isimo sasekhaya ukuthi ayegcwele izinkondlo okusezingeni eliphezulu nothando.

Ngemva kokushona komkayo Browning futhi indodana yakhe wabuyela eLondon, lapho aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo. Phrinta umjikelezo izinkondlo "The Ring and the Book," "Izinhlamvu".

Indodana yakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuyela e-Italy, wahlala Venice. Kwelinye uvakashelwa njalo kuya Apennine nhlonhlo ngo-1889, Browning wafa. Wayeneminyaka engu-77 ubudala.

"Abbe Vogler"

Omunye izinkondlo edume kunazo Roberta Brauninga - "The Abbe Vogler". Ngo-1864 wafakwa phakathi iqoqo "Izinhlamvu". Umsebenzi lunikezelwe yangempela emlandweni - the wesigodlo, owaphila kusukela 1749 kuya 1814. WAKHE OMFUSHANE Wakhonza njengombonisi Kapellmeister at egcekeni Prussian Mannheim. Yena waziwa ngokuba kokusungulwa uhlobo olusha umzimba.

Inkondlo kuyinto ngokomzwelo isipiliyoni wesigodlo ngesikhathi ukusebenza improvisations ku isitho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ubonakala City of God, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho uphela, isithombe esicacile ngokushesha angasulwa inkumbulo iqhawe lyrical.

Ubizwa abanamakhono kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu, futhi kuphela ekupheleni le nkondlo kuziwa embonweni wokuthi ubuhle, kanye nanoma yikuphi enkazimulweni, impermanent. Ngalo mqondo imisebenzi Roberta Brauninga "Abbe Vogler". Inkondlo iphela la mazwi ngokukhulu ukuqiniseka ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba umuntu ngokuthi uNkulunkulu uyayizwa yezingoma zakhe ezinhle. Zonke ezinye izindaba zika nokulwela kuyize.

"Pippa sihamba"

Uhlu imisebenzi abalulekile Browning livela idrama lyric "Pippa zidlule izinhlupheko." Maphakathi indaba isisebenzi abasha, ohlala edolobheni azolla. izinhloso zawo zimsulwa, uyabuthanda ngobuqotho imvelo kanye nabantu. Ungishiya enhle, iqinile futhi bahlale bejabule, ngokwazi ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba uNkulunkulu uquketheni bonke abantu ku-i look alinganayo.

Ngobusuku bangaphambi koNyaka Omusha, nakuba wayebheke izimpilo zezakhamuzi nabo. Abaningi babo bajabule, kodwa abawona nomhawu Pippa. Wayengumngane elingenacala, futhi umqondo wakhe uyogcwala inkululeko zasendle. Yena uyacula, obiza uthando nobuhle. Yizwa wakhe abathandi ingoma - Sebald futhi Ottima esasisanda ubugebengu - Ottimy wabulala umyeni wakhe. Ngaphansi kwethonya amantombazane banquma ukukhipha ukuhlupheka ubugebengu nokufa kwakhe.

iculo Elihle zwa lyrical umculi abasha uJulius, ubani enquma ukuphindela othandekayo wakhe, owaliphonsa. Ngakho Pippa uya emigwaqweni edolobheni lakhe, ekuguquleni ukuphila labo abaseduze kwakhe. Lokhu inkondlo kubhekwa omunye the best izinkondlo IsiZulu kwekhulu XIX.

"Ring and the Book"

Isibonelo wobuciko imbongi eqiniso kubhekwa le nkondlo "The Ring and the Book." Robert Browning inkondlo ngaleso sikhathi yayithandwa kakhulu, wabhala imisebenzi esekelwe ubudala legend Italy. Likhuluma indaba lokubulala Ukubala Gvido Francheski Pompilius umkakhe ngalokho Kusolakala eseshintshe.

Inkondlo siqukethe izincwadi ezingu-12. Ngamunye wabo - isitatimende omunye abadlali ngombono wakhe ukuthi izenzakalo zenzeka. Ngosizo le ndlela phambi kwethu isithombe lilonke. Enkondlweni, akukho indaba eyodwa futhi ukulandelana esiqinile kwemisebenzi. Into esemqoka umbhali uyazinaka - ke mbambambamba futhi isimo sengqondo izinhlamvu zakhe.

Omunye ohlolayo futhi abaqotho kakhulu inkondlo amabhuku - ngomfazi Ukubala Pompilius Monologue okuhlanzekileyo engenasici, kodwa wazizwa ephoqelekile ukuba athathe igalelo ukudalelwa. Kusukela umsebenzi odlule Pippa Browning Pompily ihlanganisa ubumsulwa zabangenacala. Lona omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu ukuthi wabhala Robert Browning. Izingcaphuno zayo zisekhona bengavumelani emlonyeni.

izinkondlo mhlophe

Ngo-1835, Browning wabhala inkondlo okukhulu evesini nalutho - "Paracelsus". Esanduleleni umsebenzi, umlobi kanye kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngenkathi usebenza kule nkondlo ukulahla kwemithetho engokwesiko yobuciko okukhulu. Isizathu salokhu wukuthi into esemqoka umbhali babe yangaphakathi, nakho ngokomzwelo abalingiswa, kunokuba ukuthuthukiswa emicimbini engaphandle.

Browning futhi enesithakazelo esijulile isayensi, ngakho hero of the inkondlo, akhetha oyimfihlakalo Alchemist Paracelsus, owayehlala Ephakathi. Kuyo imbongi okuveza umzabalazo komphefumulo womuntu nezithiyo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi ukuma endleleni yakhe. Lapha sethula futhi ithoni ezingaqondakali. Ikakhulukazi yimpumelelo ekuchazeni umlobi.

Enye usizi ngesikhathi esifanayo - "Kuqondile izingalo." Ngalesi sikhathi, Browning njengoba imibono bendabuko yobuciko okukhulu. Kulotshiwe isitayela amadrama amadlingozi, futhi uphela ngokuphelele emoyeni kaShakespeare - cishe zonke izinhlamvu afe. Yiqiniso, Browning bona ukuzibulala, kodwa musa ukubulala nomunye, njengoba iningi labo livela e izigemegeme ezenzeka kaShakespeare.

Imbongi-sefilosofi

Enye yezimbongi ovelele kakhulu ezitholakala kule nkathi yakhe - Robert Browning. Ake ubone ngeso lengqondo namuhla singakwazi ukugcina izinto eziningi ezincane, imidwebo ikakhulu walondoloza nemidwebo imbongi. Kusukela kubo ku sesivele ubukeka ubudala, kodwa emuhle ngesilevu, amadevu nobumnene smile Kuyahlekisa.

Njengoba avuma, tetemibhalo, Browning - imbongi ezijulile zefilosofi. It kucatshangwa ukuthi afuna ukudlulisela umfundi, umsebenzi wobuciko kakhulu kunalokho. Konke lokhu kuholela yokuthi imisebenzi Browning ngokuvamile engacacile engaqondakali. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho e-England kwakukhona uhlobo imfashini - ukuqagela imicabango ehlanganiswe izinkondlo Browning.

Isibonelo ezicacile ngemiphumela incazelo enjalo okuxekethile yemisebenzi imbongi - ". Childe Roland" inkondlo abalandeli abaningi imbongi ngephutha wabona kulo umbono omusha, eqondiswa okuyinto ngisho ufuna ukusetha isikole ehlukene yefilosofi. Nokho, Browning ukudanisa abalandeli babo, sibachazela ukuthi le nkondlo yabhalwa uhlobo ezesayensi, futhi izinsuku ezimbili nje, akekho ingxenye yefilosofi ezifakwe ke umlobi wayengekho.

Ezinkondlweni zakhe, Browning ubonisa ukholo lwakhe ukuba khona ngemva kokufa. Ngaye, kuba kokhelo for the ukuphila ayelichithe emhlabeni.

Kulesi ukuphila yasemhlabeni, okwamanje ngemibala egqamile. Into kuphela ukuthi ingase iphazamise umuntu - ukudana izifiso yemhlabeni; kodwa kubo uyinsindiso. Kuyinto ukholo kuNkulunkulu. Nokho, umuntu angacabanga imibono yefilosofi Browning ngeke uhlale emlandweni ezincwadini nasemasikweni amaNgisi.

impumelelo yakhe eyinhloko - isithombe ngobuciko izinkanuko womuntu kanye namathafa lyrical. Ngokuvamile izinhlamvu zakhe - imodeli isekela iqiniso futhi iqiniso. Ezinjalo njengoba Pippa noma Pompilius.