Projection kwengqondo. Personality kwengqondo. Ukuvikelwa ngokwengqondo

Igama elithi "kwelivi", okuyinto esetshenziswa geometry, i-physics, Psychology nezinye izinhlobo zesayensi, lisuselwa elithi Latin projectio, ngokwezwi nezwi ihumusha ngokuthi "uphonsa phambili." Ngokucacile, abakubonisayo omunye Psychology izindlela ukuzivikela ngokwengqondo yomuntu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko yokuvikela ngokwengqondo ubuntu

Ngaphambi kokuvala ukuvezwa, projection uzophuma indawo ukunikeza incazelo jikelele izinqubo ngokwengqondo ezifana izindlela ukuvikelwa, kanye ukuthola ukuthi yini izindlela zabo Ukuvikelwa.

Umqondo ukuzivikela ngokwengqondo ozalwa ngaphakathi psychoanalysis. It laqanjwa umsunguli izimfundiso Freud sasho ngo-1894. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo muntu ukubhekana ezihlukahlukene ezibuhlungu futhi kunzima uqala ukusebenzisa izindlela ukuzivikela ngokwengqondo. Ziyakwazi isikhashana nzima ngokuba ukusiza komuntu silondoloze zempilo engokwengqondo ubuqotho ngabanye by kokuguqula ngokoqobo. Lokho umsebenzi eyinhloko lezi zinhlelo - ukuvikela umthelela ongemuhle izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle (okungukuthi, kusukela yena) ubuntu. Ngo Psychology, ke uba othwala ekuqaleni ngamunye, okuye kwenziwa ezweni yabo ekhethekile kwangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo yokuvikela icala ngalinye ngabanye. Nokho, ososayensi kusukela izifundo eziningi zakwazi uzihlele uhlonzwe izindlela eziningana eyinhloko Ukuvikelwa ngokwengqondo. Basuke ubuhanjelwe cishe yonke imisebenzi yengqondo (inkumbulo, ukunakwa, bezibona, umcabango, imizwa, ukucabanga, nokunye. D.), Kodwa esimweni ngasinye obusa omunye wabo kuphela. Kuye lokhu, zikhona izindlela ezilandelayo ukuzivikela kabi ngokwengqondo:

1. Kuphikisa.
2. Lokucindezela.
3. Ingcindezelo.
4. Ukuncishiswa.
5. Jet kumiswa.
6. Wokumelana.
7. Indida enkulu.
8. Dream.
9. Sublimation.
10. Projection (kwengqondo).
11. Ubunikazi.
12. Fantasy (iphupho).
13. Dlulisa.
14. Introjection.
15. Depersonalization et al.

Ngayinye yalezi izindlela wuhlelo zavela ngokukhethekile sokubhekana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Asiza umuntu ekuxazululeni izingxabano zangaphandle kodwa futhi yangaphakathi hhayi kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, sibonga projection umuntu angase ngokungazi sokudlulisela umthwalo kanye basola abanye okuyihlazo yabo (ukuqonda kwakhe) emthambekeni ngakolunye umuntu, noma ukuba kuthiwe izimfanelo noma imizwa yabanye yabo.

Amafomu zokuzivikela ngokwengqondo

Ngo isayensi, kukhona izinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo zokuzivikela ngokwengqondo, okuyilezi: asebenzayo, "umaluju" overprotection futhi "ukuhleleka".

Ifomu asebenzayo yokuvikela

Kuyenzeka ngokuhlola "uphawu" - kodwa othile noma okuthile, othile, ungakwazi uxove isimo semizwa yakho okubi noma ubudlova zanqwabelana, futhi ekstrapunitivnosti lapho kukhona ukuthambekela okufanele asolwe amaphutha abo noma ukwehluleka omunye umuntu, kodwa hhayi thina . Ukuze lolu hlobo Ukuvikelwa osebenza ku "intukuthelo" lapho umuntu ehlala nokumangalelwa othile ukuze bathethelele labo imizwa engafanele ayeba nayo bavele kukho, efana nomona. Self-isiqinisekiso ngezithukuthuku wehlisa isithunzi lomunye umuntu kuyinto ifomu ezimbi kakhulu impendulo indlela yokuvikela ngokwengqondo. Kanti, kungokwalabo kulesi sigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba ifomu asebenzayo yokuvikela zihlanganisa ukwehla siphathelene into, okungukuthi, isichasiso izici ezingezinhle lomuntu, yini yena ngempela angase esingenayo.

Ukuvikelwa kwenqondo ngu umaluju

Lapho umuntu ahlola abazifezile ukuphila, umuzwa Ukunganeliseki kwangaphakathi, yena yakhetha yokuzivikela njengoba Zinikeleni. It ungaboniswa gerontolizmom noma puerilism. Ngokwesibonelo, angakwazi babaduduze ngokwabo ne neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela siseza, noma, kunalokho, ukusola ukwehluleka kwabo eminyakeni yobudala, bathi, uma ngangisemncane ke konke kungaba ezahlukene. Phela, lolu hlobo uphinde ulandise intropunitivnost (umehluko ekstrapunitivnosti) lapho kucaciswa ukuthi singobani lokusola uqobo. Ukuze leli fomu ikakhulukazi wasebenzisa abantu ukuzibona ngiyisiphukuphuku.

overprotection

umuntu uyayeka ukuba ngiziqonde ulwazi ezingemnandi lonke bona uzwe izinto ezinhle kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya nemizwa ejulile noma ukucindezeleka. Lokhu Iqhinga ngokwengqondo ngokuthi ukukhethwa kolwazi kuye into efana lo mshini ekuphikeni kanye nezindlela zokugwema, lapho lowo muntu akafuni ukuba bakholwe lokho okwakwenzekile futhi ephika.

Okubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuvikelwa olungaphambili lwesonto" futhi libhekisela mshini "overprotection" lapho yibeka ngokuzumayo iqala ukuba baziphathe sokweyisa ngokungavamile futhi ingamamitha abanye ukuba athuke. I ukwehla usongo, nokukhathazeka futhi amasu okomuntu siqu overprotection. Futhi uma esimweni sokuqala, indoda odlulela kude umcabango wokuphinde usongo ulenga phezu kwakhe ngenxa ikhomishini yezenzo ezithile (isib ukubhema - ngenxa wamaphaphu umdlavuza usongo), esimweni sesibili, kuba izinkathazo zabo ukuthi ngokuvamile kukhona izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kwesizathu, Yena ufuna izinto ngaphandle. Ngu sverhzaschite sihlanganisa Reinsurance (ungalokothi fly ezindizeni, badle ukudla okunempilo, nokunye. D.), nenkanuko edlulele, ukucindezelwa, sverhkonservatizm, difleksiya (iyafana ukuhoxiswa ku ukuzihlupha), Ukukhipha amaqiniso, depersonalization (lapho umuntu nokunqamula kumaphoyinti okufinyelela izinkinga eziyimbangela iqala ukuba ngenze into encane, nokunye. d.), "usike ifindo Gordian" (ubungozi equlekile), izenzo ongokomfanekiso noma isiko (inkolelo namabika), Sublimation (kuhlolwe yamanani ukuphila), njalo njalo. d.

By endleleni, abantu enezinga eliphakeme ukuzivikela ngokwengqondo yakhetha ngokuphelele izindlela ezahlukene, ezifana okuhle, acabanga ngokucacile, ukuhlaziywa, ukubukeka real izinto, isimo sengqondo maqondana yena nge amahlaya nokunye. D. Nokho, njengoba izinkinga kungaba umuntu wangempela. Ngo Psychology, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama elithi "umuntu" ibonwa nganoma yisiphi isilwane ukuthi sinikezwe ukwazi, inkulumo, nobuciko kanye nokunye. E., Nokho, ekuphileni kwami kwansuku zonke ukukhuluma ngabanye, kusho labo babe namandla ngokwengeziwe mayelana nentando uhlamvu abantu kokuvamile eqinile.

Ukuvikelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhleleka

Lezi ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa ukufakwa sivikeleke, noma njengoba ibizwa kwengqondo "yena ummeli." Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu oye wabona movie "The ebukekayo kakhulu futhi ekhangayo." Kuyo umlingiswa oyinhloko isebenzisa le ndlela ukuzivikela ngokwengqondo. Projection, ukuhlanekezela, esikhundleni umphumela, introjection, kutisondzeta umuntu abalulekile emphakathini, ekuhlakazekeni umthwalo nokunye. E. Futhi zisebenze ukuvikelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuhlanekezela ngokoqobo ngesimo shift ngesikhathi. Lapho umuntu konke okwenzekile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, cishe kubonakala kungaphezu nezakudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuchaza okushiwo omunye izindlela ukuzivikela - kwelivi. Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, ukuvikelwa kuleli cala ngokusebenzisa ukuhleleka.

Uyini projector?

Projection kwengqondo kuyindlela sokudlulisela imizwa yabo futhi izifiso imfihlo omunye Animate noma into engaphili. Kusukela kuqala, kubonakala, yonke into icacile, njengoba i-ngisho nezinto ezingaphili, lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu sinikezwe izinto noma izenzakalo zemvelo, imizwa yabo, ezifana ukukhathazeka Sea, isibhakabhaka nobutha, bekhala willow nokunye. D. elula ukuqonda abantu, ngezikhathi uhlangabezana ukuqubuka kodlame, futhi ubona abanye isihluku, ongumqambimanga ecabanga ukuthi zonke fooling yakhe emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningana abayamukeli ngokwazo lezi zimfanelo ezibalulekile zikhona yini ngempela ukuhlola ngokwakho sengathi kusuka ngaphandle, kodwa lokhu ingxabano njalo ngokwayo kuholela neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ngokungazi asebenzise projection, okuyinto njengoba introjection - isivikelo ngokwengqondo. Freud babekholelwa ukuthi avame ziseZwini abantu paronoidnym noma ukuphazamiseka kwempilo hysteroid. Njengoba lisetshenziswe lapha, leli gama ubizwa subjective bezibona indlela, okungaba noma kuhle noma kube kubi.

La maqembu ezimbi futhi omuhle ka kwelivi

Lapho abantu ngezikhathi ezithile gnawing umuzwa wecala , noma ukuzwa ukukhathazeka nokwesaba ke baqala ukusebenza ezingqondweni zalabo noma ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela. Ngokwesibonelo, lelivakalako. Ngo Psychology, kuyindlela sokudlulisela imizwa yabo futhi izifiso imfihlakalo yomunye into. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ehlelwa isifiso imfihlo ukushintsha inkosikazi yakhe, kodwa alamukeli ngisho namahloni, iqala ukuklama lezi zifiso nomkakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, eqala ukuba bakholwe ukuthi wayengeyona, nomfazi ufuna ukulishintsha. Ngenxa yalokho, manje bese liphenduka umhawu wakhe, isola wakhe zonke izono ofayo, yize ke Sasingekho isizathu sokuba. Esinye isibonelo indaba enhle owayesekhulile, funa zokuguga, ekuqaleni ukubona ontanga yabo ku izimpawu zokuguga futhi lona mathupha. Ngelilodwa nje, uma sicabangela Psychology okuqonda subjective iyona indlela ongase ube muhle kumbe ube mubi. Izibonelo ezingenhla ukhombe ohlangothini engakhi mshini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, projection kwengqondo ungase ube okuhle kulesi simo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwelivi omuhle uzwela, okungase ukwandisa degree of ekuqondisisaneni phakathi kwabantu. Uzwela othile isayensi ngokwengqondo ibizwa ngokuthi uzwela. Kusekelwe zonke okufanayo kwelivi indlela, lapho umuntu, ukwabelana nomunye imiklamo ngemizwa yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, ikwazi ukuqonda kangcono isimo sale "omunye".

isiphetho

Izinkinga oyinhloko le Psychology ubuntu, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba lenkinga yempilo yayo engqondo ihlobene eduze kwengqondo indlela ukuzivikela esebenzisa umuntu (ngokungazi) ukulondoloza ubuqotho empilweni yabo engokwengqondo.