Polycythemia kweqiniso. Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ihlahlubo, Ukwelashwa

Polycythemia - iyisifo okungase kunqunywe ngokubheka kuphela ebusweni lo muntu. Futhi uma sifeza izivivinyo zokuxilonga, okumkhathazayo angahlali. Esikhathini izincwadi zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ekwazisweni kukhona amanye amagama kulolu zokugula: erythremia, Vakeza isifo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leli gama elithi, lesi sifo uyingozi enkulu ekuphileni komuntu. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe indlela nesenzakalo yayo, izimpawu eziyinhloko, izigaba kanye zokwelapha ahlinzekwa.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngaphansi polycythemia libhekisela myeloproliferative umdlavuza wegazi lapho kuyofika emnkantsheni ithambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi imali ngokweqile. Ngezinga elincane nezinye izingxenye enzyme ukwanda siyenzeka, okungukuthi leucocytes nama-platelet.

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (RBCs ngenye indlela) ayegcwele oksijini, wonke amaseli abantu, wokuyinikeza ovela emaphashini nezimiso kwezitho zangaphakathi. Futhi obhekene ukususwa isikhutha ezicutshini futhi iyiswa endawo okhishwa ngamakhala okwalandela.

Erythrocyte akhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo umnkantsha. Kuyinto kwezicubu spongiform sebuningini yenziwe yaba yasendaweni ngaphakathi wethambo, futhi unesibopho inqubo hematopoiesis.

Leukocyte - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ezisiza ekulweni nezifo. Ama-platelet I kukhona anuclear iseli izingcezwana ngu ukuphazamiseka ubuqotho semithambo. Sinenkosi ikhono abanamathela nomunye futhi occlude kuvulwa, kanjalo ephumula ukopha.

Polycythemia kweqiniso kuhambisana ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

nokudlanga

Lokhu zokugula ngokuvamile kutholakala abadala, kodwa kungavuka intsha kanye nezingane. Lesi sifo akuzwakali isikhathi eside, okungukuthi asymptomatic. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa, isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala iziguli zokhahlamba kusuka 60 kuya eminyakeni engaba ngu-79. Intsha kungenzeka bagule kakhulu kancane, kodwa isifo siphela kubo nzinyana. Laba bameleli be-wobulili namandla, uma ukholwa izibalo, kaningana njalo ukuthi nginesifo polycythemia.

pathogenesis

Iningi izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nalesi sifo, kwenzeka ngenxa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwenani amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi uba uqweqwe ngokweqile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhuphuke viscosity yayo kuphakamisa kumiswa amahlule (thrombi). Abakwazi ukugxambukela evamile igazi ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo. Ngokuvamile lesi simo imbangela yokufa uhlangothi nokumelwa yinhliziyo. Into wukuthi igazi obukhulu ezitsheni eziningana izikhathi kancane. Inhliziyo kufanele sizame xaxa ngokoqobo push wakhe.

Okwehlisa wegazi ukugeleza akuvumeli izitho zangaphakathi ukuthola lemali edingekayo umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kufaka ukuthuthukiswa yinhliziyo, ubuhlungu bekhanda, angina, ubuthakathaka kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo, okuyinto akufanele zishiywe.

Ukwahlukaniswa izifo

• I. esigabeni sokuqala.

1. Luthatha iminyaka 5 noma ngaphezulu.
2. Ubende olingene.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukhombisa ukwanda alinganiselayo inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
4. Izinkinga kuyaqabukela kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini.

• II A. Isinyathelo polycythemic.

1. Ubude besikhathi kusukela 5 iminyaka engu-15.
2. Kukhona kuwukwanda ezinye izitho (ubende, isibindi), ukopha futhi thrombosis.
3. Izindawo isimila e ubende ngokwayo asipheli.
4. Ukopha kungaba avuse yensimbi ukuntula emzimbeni.
5. Ekuhlaziyeni wegazi kunokwanda ziphikelele namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe nezinhlayiya zegazi.

• II isinyathelo B. polycythemic nge myeloid metaplasia ubende.

1. Kuhlatiya ukukhombisa okuqukethwe anda wonke amaseli igazi, ngaphandle lymphocyte.
2. Kukhona inqubo neoplastic e ubende.
3. Isithombe basemtholampilo Ukuwohloka livela, thrombosis, ukopha.
4. I umnkantsha ithambo ukwakheka kancane kancane izibazi.

• III. isigaba anemiya.

1. Esikhathini igazi, kukhona ukwehla elibukhali erythrocyte, izinhlayiya zegazi kanye leukocyte.
2. Kukhona ukwanda okukhulu ubukhulu ubende kanye esibindini.
3. Lesi sigaba ngokuvamile eba phakathi neminyaka engu-20 ngemva isiqinisekiso uphethwe.
4. Lesi sifo kungenziwa uguqulwa abe wegazi oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona.

Izimbangela isifo

Ngeshwa, manje izazi ngeke ngisho ukuthi izici kungaholela ekwakhiweni izifo ezifana polycythemia kweqiniso.

bayichezukisa Iningi theory viral-zofuzo. Ngokusho kwakhe, amagciwane ekhethekile (kukhona izingcezu-15) yethulwe zingene nomzimba womuntu futhi ngaphansi kwethonya ezinye zezici zibulale izivikelo mzimba, ukungena umnkantsha futhi zamanzi. Amaseli babeyizinceku esikhundleni yokuvuthwa ngokushesha baqala ukuhlukanisa nande, ukwakha izingcezwana entsha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, polycythemia isizathu kungenzeka abacathama nezici ezithile sitholwa njengefa. Ososayensi kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi lesi sifo bethambekele ukuvala izihlobo lomuntu ogulayo, futhi abantu isakhiwo kahle lezakhi zofuzo.

Ungalokothi uphuze nezici isifo

• -X-ray ngemisebe, ionizing emisebeni.
• izifo emathunjini.
• Amagciwane.
• Isifo sofuba.
• Surgery.
• ukucindezeleka njalo.
• ukusetshenziswa eside izinhlanga ezithile izidakamizwa.

emitholampilo isithombe

Kusukela esigabeni lesi sifo yesibili, enqubeni sokugembula ethathelwe cishe zonke izinhlangano of izitho zangaphakathi. Ngezansi kunezinye umuzwa subjective isiguli.

• Ubuthakathaka futhi umuzwa okwesabisayo yokukhathala.
• ukujuluka Eliphakeme.
• I nokwehla okuphawulekayo ukusebenza.
• izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla.
• inkumbulo ukungakhuli.

Polycythemia eqiniso angase kuhambisane zimpawu ezilandelayo. Esimweni ngasinye ngobubi bawo kuyahlukahluka.

• Emithanjeni nokushintsha luhlaza kwesikhumba. Iziguli uqaphele khona emithanjeni ecacile neqondile. Kulesi isifo esikhumbeni libhekene cherry ngokubomvu tinged, kuba kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ezingxenyeni wadalula komzimba (ulimi, izandla, ubuso). Izindebe okwesibhakabhaka, amehlo akhe kwabonakala bloodshot. Lolu shintsho ngokubukeka kungenxa komfula imithambo yegazi ebusweni, kanye Ukwehla abashe ukukhuthazwa yayo.
• isikhumba silume. Lokhu uphawu kwenzeka e-40% amacala.
• Rodonalgia (lezivakashi ubuhlungu esivuthayo ngesikhathi amathiphu we iminwe yakhe nezinzwani zakhe, okuyinto ahambisana ububomvu kwesikhumba). Ukuvela lokhu uphawu lihlotshaniswa amazinga anda zegazi kanye kumiswa mikrotrombov.
• Ukwandisa Usayizi ubende.
• Ukubukeka izilonda esiswini. Ngenxa elincane emzimbeni isitsha thrombosis mucosa ilahlekelwa ukumelana layo ukuze Helicobacter pylori.
• Amahlule. izimbangela zabo zachazwa okhushuliwe igazi viscosity nezinguquko ezindongeni semithambo. Njengomthetho, isimo esinjalo siholela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni ephansi, i-cerebral nezitsha yenhliziyo.
• Ubuhlungu imilenze.
• ukopha Heavy kusukela izinsini.

ukuhlola

Ngokuyinhloko udokotela iqoqa umlando yezokwelapha ephelele. Yena ungacela eziningi ukuchaza imibuzo: lapho kwakubonakala sengathi ukungakhululeki / Ukuphelelwa / ukungakhululeki ubuhlungu, njll Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukucacisa khona yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuba imikhuba emibi, contact zingenzeka ezinobuthi ...

Khona-ke, behlolwa. Lo chwepheshe inquma umbala kwesikhumba. Ngu palpation futhi u wembula ubende lakhulisiwe nobe isibindi.

Ukuze uthole isiqinisekiso zesifo i ukuhlolwa kwegazi saziso amiswa. Uma isiguli onaleli zokugula, imiphumela yokuhlolwa zimi kanje:

• Ukwandisa inani kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
• Isigqugquzeli imingcele hematocrit (iphesenti amangqamuzana abomvu egazi).
• -hemoglobin High nemingcele.
• amazinga okuphansi ye-erythropoietin. Lokhu hormone obangela ukukhuthazwa umnkantsha ithambo ekukhiqizeni amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu igazi.

Sifo kuhlathulula biopsy ubuchopho kanye aspirate. Le nguqulo yokuqala cwaningo kuhilela edonsa ingxenye ewuketshezi zobuchopho, futhi biopsy - abamelwe okuqinile.

isifo polycythemia siqinisekiswe yimiphumela yokuhlolwa i isakhi sofuzo wezakhi.

Yini okufanele baphathwe?

Ngokuphelele unqobe isifo ezifana polycythemia kweqiniso, akunakwenzeka. Yingakho yokwelapha is wagxila kuphela ekunciphiseni ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo ekunciphiseni yezinkinga thrombotic.

Iziguli beziphindiselwa nomkhuba wokuchitha igazi ngokuyinhloko ayabelwe. Le nqubo lisikisela ukususwa esincane igazi (200 kuya ku-400 ml) ngenhloso ekwelapheni. Kuyadingeka ngenxa ukuzinza nemingcele ambalwa yegazi, ukunciphisa viscosity yayo.

Iziguli ngokuvamile okunqunyiwe "aspirin" ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuba nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene yezinkinga thrombotic.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokushiswa isetshenziselwa ukugcina hematocrit evamile, uma kukhona ukulunywa ezinzima, noma thrombocytosis anda.

Umnkantsha transplantation wenziwa lesi sifo ezingavamile kakhulu, kusukela zokugula esimweni ukwelashwa okufanele akuyona ezibulalayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ethile yokwelapha lwemithi esimweni ngasinye akhethiwe ngamunye. Therapy ngenhla echazwe kuyinto ngesizathu sokuthola ulwazi kuphela. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuzama ukubhekana nalesi sifo.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Lesi sifo kuyingozi ngokwanele, ngakho ningakwenqabi nokwelashwa kwayo. Uma kungenjalo, it is kwande amathuba okuba yezinkinga edabukisayo. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Amahlule. Izimbangela inqubo sokugembula kungenzeka ezicathama akhuphule umfutho viscosity, kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, nama-platelet.
• Urolithiasis kanye sifo.
• Ukopha, ngisho nangemva izinqubo ezincane kuhlinzwa. Njengomthetho, inkinga enjalo wabhekana emva ukukhishwa izinyo.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Vakeza isifo - isifo ezingavamile. Izimpawu ezenzeka kusaqalwa sokuthuthuka, kufanele kube kubangele luhlolo ngokushesha futhi ukwelashwa ozolandela. In the ukungabikho ukwelashwa okufanele, uma isifo awuzange kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, abantu bayafa. Isizathu esikhulu ukufa ngokuvamile isinyathelo yezinkinga semithambo noma ukuguqulwa lesi sifo ibe wegazi ezingelapheki. Nokho, ukwelashwa abanekhono futhi ukunamathela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo ezivela kudokotela kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukunweba ukuphila isiguli (iminyaka 15-20).

Sithemba ukuthi lonke ulwazi enikeziwe esihlokweni kungaba wusizo ngempela kuwe. Hlala uphilile!