Okungalapheki demyelinating polyneuropathy: incazelo, izinhlobo, izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

Demyelinating polyneuropathy - ezifweni ezimbi okuyinto kuhambisana ukuvuvukala impande emsipheni ngokubhujiswa kancane kancane emgodleni myelin. Nge ukuziphatha kahle futhi ifike ngesikhathi ekwelapheni lesi sifo luqedwe ukugwema nemiphumela enqala. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sizazi izimbangela eziyinhloko futhi izimpawu zesifo, ngesikhathi ukuze ubone udokotela.

Kuyini isifo? Uhlolojikelele

Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi isifo akuvamile - abantu abayizinkulungwane 100 1-2 kuphela uhlushwa isifo efanayo. Bethambekele ekubeni lesi sifo Amaduna amadala, nakuba kungenzeka abesifazane nezingane sibhekene kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane. Njengomthetho, demyelinating polyneuropathy ephelezelwa lesion ziyalingana izimpande emsipheni, okuholela nobuthakathaka elandayo distal futhi proximal emikhawulweni imisipha. By the way, kaningi, lesi sifo lihlotshaniswa Guillain-Barre syndrome. Futhi kuze kube namuhla ayaziwa ukuthi ezingamahlalakhona ukuvuvukala demyelinating polyneuropathy, isifo ehlukile noma uhlobo izimpawu ngenhla.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yesifo

Ngeshwa, izimbangela kanye indlela yentuthuko isifo samanje akwaziwa kuze kube sekupheleni. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuhlola eside kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala demyelinating polyneuropathy - isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, izivikeli mzimba ithola amangqamuzana omzimba siqu njengoba angaphandle, okuholela esikhiqiza omzimba athile. Kulokhu, la antigen ukuhlasela ezinzwa impande izicubu, okubangela ukubhujiswa emgodleni myelin, okubangela ukuvuvukala. Ngenxa yalokho, imizwa ulahlekelwe izakhiwo zabo eziyisisekelo, okuholela ukuphazamiseka innervation imisipha futhi abanye izitho.

Kulokhu, njengoba cishe isiphi esinye isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, kukhona yofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ke ezicini eziningana ukuthi ungashintsha izivikeli mzimba. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuphazamiseka umzimba namangqamuzana, ukucindezeleka obukhulu emzimbeni nangokomzwelo, ukuhlukumezeka, ukucindezeleka njalo, isifo esibi, isifo umzimba, imigomo, ukuhlinzwa.

Demyelinating polyneuropathy: ngezigaba

Ngo inqubo yokwelapha yesimanje, kukhona izikimu eziningana ngezigaba zesifo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngokuthi imbangela, isehlane nomzimba, kuyashaqisa, ukuvuvukala, ezinobuthi, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zesifo. Ngokusho Pathomorphology ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokwayo demyelinating futhi axonal polyneuropathy ezihlukahlukene.

Kufanele futhi sikhulume ngesimo sifo:

• Acute demyelinating polyneuropathy eba ngokushesha - iziyaluyalu sezinzwa kanye motor ngokuhamba izinsuku eziningana noma amasonto.
• Ngesimo subacute sifo hhayi okhula njengoba ngokushesha, kodwa kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha - kusukela emasontweni ambalwa ukuze ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
• polyneuropathy Okungalapheki kubhekwa ayingozi kakhulu ngoba ingaqala ezifihliwe. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo ingahlala iminyaka eminingi.

Izimpawu eyinhloko lesi sifo

Isithombe ngeziguli izifo ezifana kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise uhlobo isifo, futhi namanje imbangela sokuthuthuka, nesineke ethile kanye nobudala bakhe. Demyelinating polyneuropathy, ngokuvamile kusaqalwa kuhambisana ukuba buthakathaka kwezicubu futhi abanye thuthuva sezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, iziguli ngezinye izikhathi esekhala ukuzwela encishisiwe ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, evutha ukuzwa nokunsonsotha. Ukuze ifomu acute lesi sifo libhekene ukubonakala eqinile izinhlungu girdling. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekubhujisweni njalo izimpande kwenzwa ubuhlungu akukwazi evelele kakhulu, noma ngingekho ngokuphelele.

Ngu paresthesias ka emikhawulweni avele njengoba inqubo iqhubeka. Phakathi ukuhlolwa uzophawula ukwehla noma ukungabi khona ingqondo umsipha noma ukunyamalala yabo ephelele. Ivame ukutholakala inqubo demyelination ihlanganisa izinzwa kwamalungu omzimba, kodwa ukunqotshwa kunokwenzeka nezinye izinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye iziguli esekhala ndikindiki kolimi kanye endaweni ezungeze lo umlomo. Okuningi kancane njalo waphawula esibhakabhakeni paresis. Kuleli zinga, isiguli kunzima ukugwinya ukudla noma amathe.

Axonal-demyelinating polyneuropathy: Izinhlobo kanye Izimpawu

Ukubhujiswa axons ngokuvamile zibangelwa nomphumela enobuthi emzimbeni. ifomu Axonal lesi sifo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo:

• polyneuropathy olunamandla ezimweni eziningi kubangelwa ezinzima ubuthi umzimba (isb, i-nitrous arsenic nezinye ubuthi eziyingozi). Izimpawu kuphazamiseka isimiso sezinzwa avele angabacwasi ngokushesha - emva kwezinsuku 14-21 isiguli kungabonwa paresis nemilenze aphansi kanye engenhla.
• Subacute uhlobo lesi sifo kungase kubangelwe izinkinga elinobuthi, futhi ezinzima ukungasebenzi umzimba. Izimpawu main ingaqala phezu amasonto amaningana (ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga 6).
• Okungalapheki-peripheral axonal eba kancane, ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ithatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Ngokuvamile, leli fomu lihlotshaniswa khona yofuzo, kanye ukudakwa eside i umzimba (kukhona, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa uphuzo ngokweqile zezifo ezingelapheki).

izindlela ukuxilongwa

udokotela abanolwazi kuphela ungakwazi ukuxilonga "demyelinating polyneuropathy." Sitholakele isifo - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa izinto ezigqamile ezimbalwa. Ukuze uqale, yenza isimiso behlolwa futhi iqoqo umlando ephelele kunazo. Uma isiguli sensorimotor peripheral esakheka engengaphansi kwengu kwezinyanga ezimbili, khona-ke unesizathu esihle ngoba ukuxilongwa esinembile.

Kamuva, njengoba umthetho, ngaphansi uphenyo. Ngokwesibonelo, izilinganiso Izinzwa conduction Isivinini inkanuko kanye motor izinzwa bangabonisa nokuncipha izinkomba main. Futhi kuleso sifundo laboratory cerebrospinal uketshezi lenyuka amazinga amaprotheni uyalandelwa.

Yini ukwelashwa linikeza imithi yesimanje?

Yikuphi yokwelapha kudinga demyelinating polyneuropathy? Ukwelashwa kulokhu siqukethe izinyathelo eziningana, okungukuthi ekususeni ukuvuvukala, nokucindezela mzimba okwenziwa kwisistimu nokusekelwa yi.

Phakathi exacerbation ukuvuvukala futhi khona iziguli eqinile ebekiwe izidakamizwa hormone eqeda ukuvuvukala, okuwukuthi corticosteroids. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu kuba "Prednisolone" futhi analogue yayo. Ukwelashwa iqala nge umthamo eliphezulu, okuyinto kunciphisa njengoba ukunyamalala izimpawu. Ngokuvamile, amandla esilimele siqala ubuye ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa eside zomuthi kungase kuholele eyaba nemiphumela emibi.

Iziguli abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona ngokuvamile Kunconywa plasmapheresis, okuyinto linikeza imiphumela emihle ngisho ukufezekisa ukuthethelelwa. Futhi, iziguli iphathwa izidakamizwa ukuthi singavimbela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba - Kumelwe bathathe izifundo ngoba cishe konke ukuphila komuntu. Enye amasu amasha yokwelapha yesimanje kuyinto immunoglobulin emthanjeni.

Onalesi sifo iziguli polyneuropathy

I umphumela wale ndaba incike kundlela lesi sifo, izinga lokwelashwa, kanye ezinye izici ngamunye umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu nge ifomu acute lesi sifo, okuyinto ngokushesha ithole ukwelashwa ezidingekayo, ziyahlupheka ngenxa yemiphumela yalokho lesi sifo lula kakhulu. Futhi nakuba umuntu alulame ngokugcwele bungatholakala anisoze njalo, iziguli eziningi ubuyela ukuphila okuvamile.

Kodwa demyelinating ezingamahlalakhona polyneuropathy, okuyinto eba kancane futhi eminyakeni eminingana, kungaholela kokulimala isimiso sezinzwa, ukukhubazeka kanye nokufa imbala. By the way, lesi sifo idluliswe ezigulini esezikhulile kakhulu.