OCD - kuyinto disorder esilawulayo-abayimilutha. Izimpawu, ukwelashwa, izimbangela

Ingabe yezwe olunoketshezi lokuhlanza izandla? ikhabethe lakho ngokoqobo ezintweni? Lezi imikhuba kungaba ibonisa imvelo noma izinkolelo womuntu. Ngezinye izikhathi umngcele ongabonakali futhi babe disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke (OCD). Cabangela izizathu esiyinhloko nesenzakalo yabo nezindlela zokwelashwa olunikezwa odokotela.

Incazelo isifo

OCD - kuyinto isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ukuthi kuthinta iqophelo ukuphila komuntu. Ochwepheshe bathi ukuba disorder esilawulayo-abayimilutha, efana yokwesaba. Uma kuwukuzikhohlisa kuhlanganisa kuphela obsessions, le nezifiso OCD zingezwa.

izifo kwegama lisuselwa emagameni amabili IsiZulu: obsessio futhi compulsio. Eyokuqala kusho "ukuthatheka", kanti eyesibili lingahunyushwa ngalezi zindlela "ukuphoqwa". Womabili la magama ifaniswe kahle, ngamafuphi, njengoba they cabangisisa okushiwo isifo. Abantu abaphethwe OCD, kwamanye amazwe kukhona babonwa bekhubazekile. Iningi lazo ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kuyize ngenxa nezifiso. Obsessions uvame ukuzibonisa imicabango esilawulayo futhi zokwesaba, ephinde nomthelela omubi izinga lempilo isiguli.

Njengoba isifo iqala

Ngokwezibalo yezokwelapha, kwakhiwa disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke is in the uhla kusuka eminyakeni 10 kuya ku-30. Kungakhathaliseki nini izimpawu uqala ukuvela, udokotela, iziguli babephathwa ephakathi kwengu-27 no-35 ubudala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusukela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo futhi ngaphambi ukwelashwa kuthatha iminyaka eminingana. Esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke ubuntu disorder sithinta umuntu oyedwa kwabangu abadala abathathu. Phakathi kwalabo izingane ezincane mancane kakhulu. Lokhu uphethwe baqiniswa ngamunye ingane 500 yesibili.

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala izimpawu isifo avele ngendlela esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke isiyaluyalu nayo zokwesaba. Ngalesi sikhathi umuntu usengakwazi ukuqaphela irrationality yabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa kanye nengqondo, disorder oyingozi. Isiguli ilahlekelwa ikhono ngokwanele kubhekwa izinto ezibakhathazayo. Ezimweni eziphambili, impatho kusho ngumuntu esibhedlela ngemithi ezinzima.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

Ososayensi namanje asikwazi eziyinhloko anomthelela lokugula ngengqondo. Nokho, kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi. Ngokusho komunye wabo, phakathi izici zokwakheka wesiyaluyalu esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke has yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• disorder umzimba;
• ukulimala futhi ukulimala ekhanda;
• yofuzo;
• abagulela ukufa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo;
• ukuphambuka ezingeni autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa.

Ngo iqembu elihlukile odokotela ukuba bakhe zenhlalakahle zemiphakathi kubangela ukuphazamiseka. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi ezivamile:

• indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo emkhayeni othanda inkolo esiqinile;
• ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi emsebenzini;
• ukucindezeleka njalo.

Ngenxa yokwethuka, esivela lokhu lokugula ngengqondo kungase kusekelwe okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho noma ebekwa umphakathi. Isibonelo esimangalisayo nemiphumela yalesi sifo umbono izindaba zobugebengu. Uvele ukwesaba abantu bezama ukunqoba izenzo efakazela okuphambene. Kungaba izikhathi eziningana ukuba isikhwama esingumsuka evaliwe noma recalculate izikweletu ebhange. Izenzo ezinjalo abalethele impumuzo yesikhathi esifushane kuphela. Ukhiphele wena obsessions akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele. Kulokhu, kwadingeka usizo lobuchwepheshe. Uma kungenjalo isifo ukuncela ngokuphelele psyche womuntu.

Lesi sifo kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Nokho, izingane mancane amathuba okuthi abaphethwe yizimpawu zayo ezikhungathekisayo. Izimpawu ngalesi sifo ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu engu-isiguli.

Kanjani nalesi sifo abadala?

disorder esilawulayo-abayimilutha, izimpawu zazo izokwethulwa ukunakwa kwakho ukuthi bonke abadala babe ngesithombe efanayo emtholampilo. Okokuqala, lesi sifo kubonakala ngesimo imicabango awayiphazamisi ezicindezelayo. Lokhu kungaba izinto eziqanjiwe on isihloko udlame locansi noma ukufa. Man njalo ulandela umqondo lapho esongelwa ngokufa, ukulahlekelwa ngokwezimali inhlalakahle. Imicabango enjalo esabisa OCD nesineke. Kumelwe aziqonde ngokucacile ubuze babo. Nokho, asikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwamandla nokwesaba kanye ezeni fantasy zakhe zigcwaliseke ngosuku olulodwa.

Lesi sifo futhi inezimpawu zangaphandle, okuyinto kuvetwa ngesimo ukunyakaza okuphindayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu onjalo kungaba njalo ubale amagxathu, izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ukuya ugeze izandla zakho. Izenzo sifo ngokuvamile ukubika ozakwabo yosebenza nabo. Abantu ne OCD, etafuleni ihlale ihlanzekile kakhulu, kanye nazo zonke izinto ahlelwe symmetrically. Izincwadi emashalofini noma alfabhethi, noma umbala.

disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke libhekene isici sikhule ezindaweni eziminyene. Isiguli ngisho nasesixukwini sabangu-uvalo wande. Ngokuvamile benjalo ngenxa yokwesaba ukubamba igciwane eliyingozi noma ukulahlekelwa izimpahla zabo, babe omunye isisulu pickpockets. Ngakho, abantu abanjalo bavame ukuzigwema izindawo zomphakathi.

Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo kuhambisana ukwehla ukuzethemba. OCD - ke ukuphazamiseka okungukuthi ikakhulukazi singangena hypochondriac ubuntu. Sinenkosi umkhuba ukulawula yonke into, kusukela izimo emsebenzini ziphethe Ukudla isilwane. Encishisiwe ukuzethemba ngenxa nokuqaphela izinguquko ezenzekayo nokungakwazi ukubhekana nazo.

Izimpawu ezinganeni

OCD e seziguli ezisencane lingaphansi ezivamile kunakubantu abadala. Izimpawu ngalesi sifo, kuningi ezifana ngakho. Cabangela lezi zibonelo ezimbalwa.

1. Ngisho ngempela izingane omdala ngokuvamile haunted by ukwesaba ulahleke phakathi inombolo enkulu abantu emgwaqweni. Wenza guys nibambelele kuwo abazali ngesandla, ngezikhathi hlola ukuthi iminwe clasped uvalwe.
2. izingane eziningi zakini ezindala okwesabisa ziyiswe ekhaya lezintandane. Ukwesaba kokuba kulesi sikhungo kwenza ingane unaphakade ubuze ukuthi abazali bakhe uthando.
3. Cishe sonke okungenani kanye ezimpilweni zabo balahlekelwa izimpahla zabo. Nokho, akubona bonke nakho kulesi senzakalo ukudlula benganakwa muntu. Ngenxa yokwethuka ngoba wama-notebook elahlekile ngokuvamile kuholela zokubala kabusha ukwenama izimpahla zesikole. Intsha ungakwazi ngisho ukuvuka ebusuku ngenjongo engu- ukuhlolwa konke okungokwakhe.

disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke ezinganeni uvame ukuhambisana ucasukile, ishintsha iba nemizwa eguquguqukayo, tearfulness anda. Abanye baye nenhliziyo emnyama, omunye ebusuku wahlushwa amaphupho amabi. Uma emasontweni ambalwa, yonke imizamo ukusiza abazali Daze behluleka, kudingeka uthintane isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane.

izindlela ukuxilongwa

Uma unezimpawu ze-ekhomba okuphazamisayo disorder esilawulayo-abayimilutha, kufanele ufune usizo kusuka wezempilo yengqondo. Ngokuvamile, abantu OCD abawazi izinkinga zabo. Kulokhu, eziseduze noma abangane kufanele kube ngokucophelela isu uphethwe. Ngokwaso lesi sifo aluphumeleli.

Ihlahlubo wakhe kuphela-kwengqondo ne emakhono lafanele kanye nesipiliyoni kulo mkhakha. Ngokuvamile, udokotela kuqhakambisa izinto ezintathu:

1. Kubantu, kukhona ibhalwe obsessions abayimilutha.
2. Kukhona ukuziphatha okuphoqelelayo afuna ukufihla nganoma iyiphi indlela.
3. OCD esiphazamisayo isigqi ezivamile zokuphila, nokuxhumana nabangani emsebenzini.

Izimpawu zesifo, ukuba usizo kwezokwelapha, kumele okuphindaphindiwe okungenani 50% izinsuku amasonto amabili.

Kukhona ekhethekile kokuhlaziywa isikali (isb, i-Yale-Brown) sokunquma degree of kobukhulu OCD. Babuye elisetshenziswa umkhuba ukulandela okubakhona yokwelapha.

Ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa kanye interview udokotela lesiguli ungakwazi lokhu ngoba uyayazi imbangela eqondile. Ngokuvamile abelaphi kokubonisana ukuchaza ukuthi siwukubonakaliswa futhi esesikhundleni disorder esilawulayo-abayimilutha. Izibonelo iziguli ezinalesi sifo show ibhizinisi usizo ukuqonda ukuthi isifo singakabi esiyingozi kanjalo, kudingeka ukuze kulwiwe nakho. Futhi lapho ebonisana izinkulumo udokotela mayelana amaqhinga yokwelashwa, uma ulinde imiphumela yokuqala omuhle.

Abantu bangakwazi ukuzisiza?

OCD - kuba zokugula ezivamile. Kungaba ngezinye izikhathi simo singenzeka kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kubandakanya i ngokuphelele enempilo ngokwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuba bakwazi ukubona izinkomba ezisheshe zivele nalesi sifo nokuthi bafuna usizo kumuntu ofanelekayo. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, kufanele sizame ukuba sihlaziye inkinga futhi ukuze ukhethe isu ethize ukuze zilwe nabo. Odokotela ukunikela ongakhetha eziningana self-ukwelashwa.

Isinyathelo 1. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi kuyinto izenzo. disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe izincwadi. Ngakho-ke, noma ubani angaba kalula ufunde izizathu zayo ezisemqoka kanye izimpawu. Ngemva kokutadisha ulwazi oludingayo alobe wonke izimpawu ukuthi muva nje ukukhathazeka. Abobulili disorder ngamunye kudingeka dedelani ukulungiswa uhlelo eningiliziwe singanqotshwa kanjani.

Isinyathelo 2: A usizo third-party. Uma usola ukuthi OCD kakhulu ukubonana nochwepheshe wezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi ekuhambeleni kokuqala kudokotela ukubangela izinkinga. Kulesi simo, ungacela umngani noma isihlobo ukuqinisekisa izimpawu ngaphambili ebekiwe noma wengeze abanye.

Isinyathelo 3: Sabheka ukwesaba kwakho "esweni." Abantu disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke eyaziwayo ukuthi lonke uvalo kukhona eqanjiwe. Njalo kukhona isifiso uphinde uhlole uhluthulele umnyango noma ugeze izandla zakho, udinga ukuba uzikhumbuze leli qiniso.

Isinyathelo 4: Zivuze. Odokotela bengqondo ukweluleka ukumaka izinyathelo endleleni eya empumelelweni unomphela, ngisho nomncane. Kuyadingeka ukuba sidumise yena for yokufuna izinguquko namakhono amasha.

Lezi zincomo ngokuvamile ukusiza emabangeni yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa ngalesi sifo.

izindlela kwengqondo

OCD - akuyona umusho. Kwemikhuba ukuphendula kahle ekwelashweni ngosizo kwengqondo izikhathi. Psychology Modern inikeza amasu eziningana eziphumelelayo. Thina sicabangele ngasinye sazo kabanzi.

1. Yezengqondo-kokuziphatha yokwelapha. I ubuqambi yaleli su kungokwalabo Dzheffri Shvartsu. essence yayo yangempela ukumelana we neurosis. Man uyazi ngalesi sifo wokuqala, bese kancane kancane uzama ukulwa naso. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ekutholeni amakghono ukumisa self-kukhathazeka.
2. Indlela Yokwenza "Yeka ukucabanga." Lwakhiwe nge Dzhozef Volpe. Udokotela ukwelashwa aphakanyisiwe esekelwe ukuhlolwa by isimo lesiguli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, Wolpe uncoma umuntu kokukhumbula wamuva nje kokuquleka sifo. Ngosizo imibuzo ehamba phambili, uyasisiza isiguli ukuhlola lokho okushiwo izimpawu kanye umthelela wabo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Udokotela kancane kancane kuholela ukugcwaliseka okungokoqobo yokwesaba. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuba unqobe ngokuphelele le nkinga.

Lezi amasu nomphumela oqabulayo akuzona kuphela inhlobo yayo. Nokho, basuke kubhekwe ngempumelelo kakhulu.

imithi

Ezimweni eziphambili wesiyaluyalu esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke ezidinga ukuthi kungenelelwe wezokwelapha. Indlela esiphatha ngayo disorder esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke kuleli cala? Izidakamizwa esiyinhloko ekulweni nalesi sifo kuthiwa serotonin reuptake inhibitor:

• "Fluvoxamine".
• tricyclic antidepressant.
• "Paroxetine".

Ososayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke bayaqhubeka ngenkuthalo ukuhlola lesi sifo esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke (OCD). Kunalokho muva abazitholile ongakhetha ezakhelwe ejenti banesibopho ukukhululwa kwe-glutamate neurotransmitter. Abakwazi kakhulu ukuphungula izimpawu neurosis, kodwa musa asize ukuqeda le nkinga unomphela. Le ncazelo silingane izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: "Memantine" ( "Riluzole"), "lamotrigine" ( "gabapentin").

Owaziwa anti-depressants kule nkinga yokungadli kahle asetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha lingaze. Asiza ukuqeda neurosis nokucindezeleka voltage okuyinto senziwe ngemuva izenzo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihloko nemithi ngenhla kwabiwa ngezinkulumo Pharmacy ngu kadokotela kuphela. Kukhethwa umuntu nomuthi ethize ukwelashwa eyenziwa udokotela esekelwe isimo lesiguli. Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa ubude besikhathi yalesi sifo ngo-kule ndaba. Ngakho-ke, lo dokotela idinga ukwazi edlule kwaba isikhathi esingakanani kukhona isiyaluyalu esilawulayo-abayimilutha.

Ikhaya Ukwelashwa

ROC uyilungu leqembu izifo eziningi ezingokwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelapha lesi sifo ngaphandle ukwesekwa ngaphandle akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele. Nokho, ukwelashwa nge izimali zabantu njalo kusiza ukuba kwehle uvalo. Ngenxa yale njongo, abelaphi belulekwa ukulungiselela zezinkambi engamakhambi nge izakhiwo sine. Lezi zihlanganisa nezitshalo ezilandelayo: lemon namafutha, motherwort, valerian.

Indlela ukuphefumula umzimba angeke kubhekwe ethandwa, kodwa ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekhaya. Ukuze ukwelashwa okunjalo akudingi kadokotela noma zosekelo third-party. Ukwelashwa nge izinguquko amandla ukuphefumula Ungakwazi ukubuyisela isimo esingokomzwelo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu angakwazi soberly ukuhlola kwenzekani ekuphileni kwakhe.

nokuvuselelwa

Ngemva ukwelashwa isiguli udinga ukuvuselelwa. izimpawu disorder musa ubuye kuphela uma lithathelwe yimpumelelo emphakathini. Ukusekela izinyathelo zokwelapha okuhloswe ngaso ukuqeqesha oxhumana elikhiqizayo umphakathi, umndeni. Ngesikhathi sigaba kokuvuselelwa usizo ngezikulu izihlobo nabangane.